메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 250, Issue , 2013, Pages 81-100

A hierarchical patch mosaic ecosystem model for urban landscapes: Model development and evaluation

Author keywords

Carbon cycle; Hierarchical patch dynamics paradigm; LTER; Phoenix metropolitan area; Process based model; Urban ecosystem

Indexed keywords

CARBON CYCLES; LTER; PATCH DYNAMICS; PHOENIX METROPOLITAN; PROCESS-BASED MODELS; URBAN ECOSYSTEM;

EID: 84870679889     PISSN: 03043800     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.09.020     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (45)

References (112)
  • 1
    • 77956401381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintaining ecological integrity and sustaining ecosystem function in urban areas
    • Alberti M. Maintaining ecological integrity and sustaining ecosystem function in urban areas. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 2010, 2(3):178-184. 10.1016/j.cosust.2010.07.002.
    • (2010) Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 178-184
    • Alberti, M.1
  • 2
    • 2142758312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanization on the US landscape: looking ahead in the 21st century
    • Alig R., Kline J.D., Lichtenstein M. Urbanization on the US landscape: looking ahead in the 21st century. Landscape and Urban Planning 2004, 69(2-3):219-234. 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.07.004.
    • (2004) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.69 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 219-234
    • Alig, R.1    Kline, J.D.2    Lichtenstein, M.3
  • 3
    • 0037267157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island
    • Arnfield A.J. Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island. International Journal of Climatology 2003, 23(1):1-26. 10.1002/joc.859.
    • (2003) International Journal of Climatology , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-26
    • Arnfield, A.J.1
  • 4
    • 0034754946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen balance for the Central Arizona-Phoenix (CAP) ecosystem
    • Baker L.A., Hope D., Xu Y., Edmonds J., Lauver L. Nitrogen balance for the Central Arizona-Phoenix (CAP) ecosystem. Ecosystems 2001, 4:582-602.
    • (2001) Ecosystems , vol.4 , pp. 582-602
    • Baker, L.A.1    Hope, D.2    Xu, Y.3    Edmonds, J.4    Lauver, L.5
  • 5
    • 0002411133 scopus 로고
    • Desert dogma reexamined: root/shoot productivity and plant spacing
    • Barbour M.G. Desert dogma reexamined: root/shoot productivity and plant spacing. American Midland Naturalist 1973, 89:41-57.
    • (1973) American Midland Naturalist , vol.89 , pp. 41-57
    • Barbour, M.G.1
  • 8
    • 0008976041 scopus 로고
    • Steps toward a better understanding of urban runoff processes
    • Brater E.F. Steps toward a better understanding of urban runoff processes. Water Resource Research 1968, 4:335-347.
    • (1968) Water Resource Research , vol.4 , pp. 335-347
    • Brater, E.F.1
  • 10
    • 60949096971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanization alters spatiotemporal patterns of ecosystem primary production - a case study of the Phoenix metropolitan region, USA
    • Buyantuyev A., Wu J. Urbanization alters spatiotemporal patterns of ecosystem primary production - a case study of the Phoenix metropolitan region, USA. Journal of Arid Environments 2009, 73:512-520.
    • (2009) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.73 , pp. 512-520
    • Buyantuyev, A.1    Wu, J.2
  • 11
    • 74149090109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiscale analysis of the urbanization pattern of the Phoenix metropolitan landscape of USA: time, space and thematic resolution
    • Buyantuyev A., Wu J., Gries C. Multiscale analysis of the urbanization pattern of the Phoenix metropolitan landscape of USA: time, space and thematic resolution. Landscape and Urban Planning 2010, 94(3-4):206-217. 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.10.005.
    • (2010) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.94 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 206-217
    • Buyantuyev, A.1    Wu, J.2    Gries, C.3
  • 12
    • 33745196539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the governing equations, computational algorithms, and other components of the models-3 community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) modeling system
    • Byun D., Schere K.L. Review of the governing equations, computational algorithms, and other components of the models-3 community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) modeling system. Applied Mechanics Reviews 2006, 59:51-77.
    • (2006) Applied Mechanics Reviews , vol.59 , pp. 51-77
    • Byun, D.1    Schere, K.L.2
  • 13
    • 0032842552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National inventories of terrestrial carbon sources and sinks: the U.K. experience
    • Cannell M.G.R., Milne R., Hargraeves K.J. National inventories of terrestrial carbon sources and sinks: the U.K. experience. Climatic Change 1999, 42:505-530.
    • (1999) Climatic Change , vol.42 , pp. 505-530
    • Cannell, M.G.R.1    Milne, R.2    Hargraeves, K.J.3
  • 14
    • 84865414047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought in the Southern United States over the 20th century: variability and its impacts on terrestrial ecosystem productivity and carbon storage
    • Chen G., Tian H., Zhang C., Liu M., Ren W., Zhu W., Chappelka A., Prior S., Lockaby G. Drought in the Southern United States over the 20th century: variability and its impacts on terrestrial ecosystem productivity and carbon storage. Climatic Change 2012, 10.1007/s10584-012-0410-z.
    • (2012) Climatic Change
    • Chen, G.1    Tian, H.2    Zhang, C.3    Liu, M.4    Ren, W.5    Zhu, W.6    Chappelka, A.7    Prior, S.8    Lockaby, G.9
  • 15
    • 47249089583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the carbon cycle of urban systems
    • Churkina G. Modeling the carbon cycle of urban systems. Ecological Modelling 2008, 216:107-113.
    • (2008) Ecological Modelling , vol.216 , pp. 107-113
    • Churkina, G.1
  • 16
    • 74049108202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon stored in human settlements: the conterminous United States
    • Churkina G., Brown D.G., Keoleian G. Carbon stored in human settlements: the conterminous United States. Global Change Biology 2010, 16(1):135-143. 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02002.x.
    • (2010) Global Change Biology , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 135-143
    • Churkina, G.1    Brown, D.G.2    Keoleian, G.3
  • 17
    • 0000078655 scopus 로고
    • Root system parameters determining water uptake of field crops
    • Ehlers W., Hamblin A.P., Tennant D., Ploeg R.R. Root system parameters determining water uptake of field crops. Irrigation Science 1991, 12:115-124.
    • (1991) Irrigation Science , vol.12 , pp. 115-124
    • Ehlers, W.1    Hamblin, A.P.2    Tennant, D.3    Ploeg, R.R.4
  • 19
    • 0000070813 scopus 로고
    • Vertical root distributions of northern tree species in relation to successional status
    • Gale M.R., Grigal D.F. Vertical root distributions of northern tree species in relation to successional status. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 1987, 17:829-834.
    • (1987) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.17 , pp. 829-834
    • Gale, M.R.1    Grigal, D.F.2
  • 20
    • 60449110113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macroclimate associated with urbanization increases the rate of secondary succession from fallow soil
    • George K., Ziska L.H., Bunce J.A., Quebedeaux B., Hom J.L., Wolf J., Teasdale J.R. Macroclimate associated with urbanization increases the rate of secondary succession from fallow soil. Oecologia 2009, 159:637-647.
    • (2009) Oecologia , vol.159 , pp. 637-647
    • George, K.1    Ziska, L.H.2    Bunce, J.A.3    Quebedeaux, B.4    Hom, J.L.5    Wolf, J.6    Teasdale, J.R.7
  • 23
    • 33644765382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approaches to the study of urban ecosystems: the case of Central Arizona-Phoenix
    • Grimm N.B., Redman C. Approaches to the study of urban ecosystems: the case of Central Arizona-Phoenix. Urban Ecosystems 2004, 7:199-213.
    • (2004) Urban Ecosystems , vol.7 , pp. 199-213
    • Grimm, N.B.1    Redman, C.2
  • 27
    • 0024992831 scopus 로고
    • Kriging and automated variogram modeling within a moving window
    • Haas T.C. Kriging and automated variogram modeling within a moving window. Atmospheric Environment 1990, 24:1759-1769.
    • (1990) Atmospheric Environment , vol.24 , pp. 1759-1769
    • Haas, T.C.1
  • 29
    • 0030318804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BIOME3: An equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model based on ecophysiological constraints, resource availability, and competition among plant functional types
    • Haxeltine A., Prentice I.C. BIOME3: An equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model based on ecophysiological constraints, resource availability, and competition among plant functional types. Global Biogeochemical. Cycles 1996, 10:693-709.
    • (1996) Global Biogeochemical. Cycles , vol.10 , pp. 693-709
    • Haxeltine, A.1    Prentice, I.C.2
  • 30
    • 84870666169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central Arizona-Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research online database, Available from (updated 2005; cited 02.05.12
    • Hope D., Gries C., Martin C. Survey 200 - Trees (Dataset ID: 282_1) 2005, Central Arizona-Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research online database, Available from http://caplter.asu.edu/data/?id=282 (updated 2005; cited 02.05.12).
    • (2005) Survey 200 - Trees (Dataset ID: 282_1)
    • Hope, D.1    Gries, C.2    Martin, C.3
  • 31
    • 0038244902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revised estimates of the annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land-use and land management 1850-2000
    • Houghton R.A. Revised estimates of the annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land-use and land management 1850-2000. Tellus B 2003, 55(2):378-390.
    • (2003) Tellus B , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 378-390
    • Houghton, R.A.1
  • 33
    • 78650798370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrestrial carbon stocks across a gradient of urbanization: a study of the Seattle, WA region
    • Hutyra L.R., Yoon B., Alberti M. Terrestrial carbon stocks across a gradient of urbanization: a study of the Seattle, WA region. Global Change Biology 2011, 17:783-797.
    • (2011) Global Change Biology , vol.17 , pp. 783-797
    • Hutyra, L.R.1    Yoon, B.2    Alberti, M.3
  • 35
    • 0034747654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 dome in Phoenix, Arizona, USA
    • 2 dome in Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Atmospheric Environment 2001, 35(6):995-1000. 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00412-X.
    • (2001) Atmospheric Environment , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 995-1000
    • Idso, C.1
  • 36
    • 1242298835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The consequences of urban land transformation on net primary productivity in the United States
    • Imhoff M.L., Bounoua L., DeFries R., Lawrence W.T., Stutzer D., Tucker C.J., et al. The consequences of urban land transformation on net primary productivity in the United States. Remote Sensing of Environment 2004, 89(4):434-443. 10.1016/j.rse.2003.10.015.
    • (2004) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.89 , Issue.4 , pp. 434-443
    • Imhoff, M.L.1    Bounoua, L.2    DeFries, R.3    Lawrence, W.T.4    Stutzer, D.5    Tucker, C.J.6
  • 38
    • 84870658781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape complexity and ecosystem processes of an urbanized arid region. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Arizona State University. Retrieved from .
    • Jenerette, G.D., 2004. Landscape complexity and ecosystem processes of an urbanized arid region. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Arizona State University. 151 pp. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/305218902%3Faccountid=30505.
    • (2004) , pp. 151
    • Jenerette, G.D.1
  • 39
    • 33847273618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional relationships between surface temperature, vegetation, and human settlement in a rapidly urbanizing ecosystem
    • Jenerette G.D., Harlan S.L., Brazel A., Jones N., Larsen L., Stefanov W.L. Regional relationships between surface temperature, vegetation, and human settlement in a rapidly urbanizing ecosystem. Landscape Ecology 2007, 22(3):353-365. 10.1007/s10980-006-9032-z.
    • (2007) Landscape Ecology , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 353-365
    • Jenerette, G.D.1    Harlan, S.L.2    Brazel, A.3    Jones, N.4    Larsen, L.5    Stefanov, W.L.6
  • 40
    • 33745866242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Points, patches, and regions: scaling soil biogeochemical patterns in an urbanized arid ecosystem
    • Jenerette G.D., Wu J., Grimm N.B., Hope D. Points, patches, and regions: scaling soil biogeochemical patterns in an urbanized arid ecosystem. Global Change Biology 2006, 12(8):1532-1544. 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01182.x.
    • (2006) Global Change Biology , vol.12 , Issue.8 , pp. 1532-1544
    • Jenerette, G.D.1    Wu, J.2    Grimm, N.B.3    Hope, D.4
  • 42
    • 38949084977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical Bayesian scaling of soil properties across urban, agricultural, and desert ecosystems
    • PMID: 18372561
    • Kaye J.P., Majumdar A., Gries C., Buyantuyev A., Grimm N.B., Hope D., et al. Hierarchical Bayesian scaling of soil properties across urban, agricultural, and desert ecosystems. Ecological Applications 2008, 18(1):132-145. PMID: 18372561.
    • (2008) Ecological Applications , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 132-145
    • Kaye, J.P.1    Majumdar, A.2    Gries, C.3    Buyantuyev, A.4    Grimm, N.B.5    Hope, D.6
  • 43
    • 17644412345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon fluxes, nitrogen cycling, and soil microbial communities in adjacent urban, native and agricultural ecosystems
    • Kaye J.P., Mcculley R.L., Burke I.C. Carbon fluxes, nitrogen cycling, and soil microbial communities in adjacent urban, native and agricultural ecosystems. Global Change Biology 2005, 11:575-587.
    • (2005) Global Change Biology , vol.11 , pp. 575-587
    • Kaye, J.P.1    Mcculley, R.L.2    Burke, I.C.3
  • 44
    • 0036148649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 emission sources in an arid urban environment
    • PMID: 11833917
    • 2 emission sources in an arid urban environment. Environmental Pollution 2002, 116(Suppl.):S45-S51. PMID: 11833917.
    • (2002) Environmental Pollution , vol.116 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Koerner, B.1    Klopatek, J.2
  • 46
    • 79952795494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying landscape ecological concepts in urban land-use classification
    • (in Chinese)
    • Li W., Ouyang Z., Xiao Y. Applying landscape ecological concepts in urban land-use classification. Acta Ecologica Sinica 2011, 31:593-601. (in Chinese).
    • (2011) Acta Ecologica Sinica , vol.31 , pp. 593-601
    • Li, W.1    Ouyang, Z.2    Xiao, Y.3
  • 47
    • 30344468118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainties of climate change in arid environments of central Asia
    • Lioubimtseva E., Cole R. Uncertainties of climate change in arid environments of central Asia. Reviews in Fisheries Science 2006, 14:29-49.
    • (2006) Reviews in Fisheries Science , vol.14 , pp. 29-49
    • Lioubimtseva, E.1    Cole, R.2
  • 49
    • 84870712744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of homeowner practices and carbon acquisition potential of landscape plants to mesic and xeric designed Southwest residential landscapes
    • Martin C.A., Stabler L.B. The relationship of homeowner practices and carbon acquisition potential of landscape plants to mesic and xeric designed Southwest residential landscapes. Acta Horticulturae 2004, 630:137-141.
    • (2004) Acta Horticulturae , vol.630 , pp. 137-141
    • Martin, C.A.1    Stabler, L.B.2
  • 50
    • 4644363671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood socioeconomic status is a useful predictor of perennial landscape vegetation in residential neighborhoods and embedded small parks of Phoenix, Arizona
    • Martin C.A., Warren P.S., Kinzig A.P. Neighborhood socioeconomic status is a useful predictor of perennial landscape vegetation in residential neighborhoods and embedded small parks of Phoenix, Arizona. Landscape and Urban Planning 2004, 69:355-368.
    • (2004) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.69 , pp. 355-368
    • Martin, C.A.1    Warren, P.S.2    Kinzig, A.P.3
  • 51
    • 0037280049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residential landscaping in Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.: practices and preferences relative to covenants, codes, and restrictions
    • Martin C.A., Peterson K.A., Stabler L.B. Residential landscaping in Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.: practices and preferences relative to covenants, codes, and restrictions. Journal of Arboriculture 2003, 29:9-17.
    • (2003) Journal of Arboriculture , vol.29 , pp. 9-17
    • Martin, C.A.1    Peterson, K.A.2    Stabler, L.B.3
  • 52
    • 40349108552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global urbanization: can ecologists identify a sustainable way forward?
    • McDonald R.I. Global urbanization: can ecologists identify a sustainable way forward?. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2008, 6(2):99-104. 10.1890/070038.
    • (2008) Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 99-104
    • McDonald, R.I.1
  • 54
    • 0032231961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric carbon dioxide reduction by Sacramento's urban forest
    • Mcpherson E.G. Atmospheric carbon dioxide reduction by Sacramento's urban forest. Journal of Arboriculture 1998, 24(4):215-223.
    • (1998) Journal of Arboriculture , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 215-223
    • Mcpherson, E.G.1
  • 56
    • 26244446833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping and modeling the biogeochemical cycling of turf grasses in the United States
    • Milesi C., Running S.W., Dietz J.B., Tuttle B.T. Mapping and modeling the biogeochemical cycling of turf grasses in the United States. Environmental Management 2005, 36(3):426-438. 10.1007/s00267-004-0316-2.
    • (2005) Environmental Management , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 426-438
    • Milesi, C.1    Running, S.W.2    Dietz, J.B.3    Tuttle, B.T.4
  • 57
    • 0002410627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conterminous united states multi-layer soil characteristics data set for regional climate and hydrology modeling
    • Miller D.A., White R.A. A conterminous united states multi-layer soil characteristics data set for regional climate and hydrology modeling. Earth Interactions 1998, 2:1-25.
    • (1998) Earth Interactions , vol.2 , pp. 1-25
    • Miller, D.A.1    White, R.A.2
  • 59
    • 34250625268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissolved organic carbon affects soil microbial activity and nitrogen dynamics in a Mexican tropical deciduous forest
    • Montaño N.M., Jaramillo V.J., García-Oliva F. Dissolved organic carbon affects soil microbial activity and nitrogen dynamics in a Mexican tropical deciduous forest. Plant and Soil 2007, 295:265-277.
    • (2007) Plant and Soil , vol.295 , pp. 265-277
    • Montaño, N.M.1    Jaramillo, V.J.2    García-Oliva, F.3
  • 61
    • 0001918538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a need for a theory of urban ecology?
    • Niemelä J. Is there a need for a theory of urban ecology?. Urban Ecosystems 1999, 3(1):57-65.
    • (1999) Urban Ecosystems , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-65
    • Niemelä, J.1
  • 62
    • 33746218942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institutionalizing urban forestry as a " biotechnology" to improve environmental quality
    • Nowak D. Institutionalizing urban forestry as a " biotechnology" to improve environmental quality. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2006, 5(2):93-100. 10.1016/j.ufug.2006.04.002.
    • (2006) Urban Forestry & Urban Greening , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 93-100
    • Nowak, D.1
  • 63
    • 0036132043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA
    • PMID: 11822716
    • Nowak D.J., Crane D.E. Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA. Environmental Pollution 2002, 116(3):381-389. PMID: 11822716.
    • (2002) Environmental Pollution , vol.116 , Issue.3 , pp. 381-389
    • Nowak, D.J.1    Crane, D.E.2
  • 64
    • 0002630089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The urban forest effects (UFORE) model: quantifying urban forest structure and functions
    • U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, St. Paul, MN, General Technical Report NC-212, M. Hansen, T. Burk (Eds.)
    • Nowak D.J., Crane D.E. The urban forest effects (UFORE) model: quantifying urban forest structure and functions. Proceedings: Integrated Tools for Natural Resources Inventories in the 21st Century. IUFRO Conference 2000, 714-720. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, St. Paul, MN, General Technical Report NC-212. M. Hansen, T. Burk (Eds.).
    • (2000) Proceedings: Integrated Tools for Natural Resources Inventories in the 21st Century. IUFRO Conference , pp. 714-720
    • Nowak, D.J.1    Crane, D.E.2
  • 65
    • 0036306789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of urban tree management and species selection on atmospheric carbon dioxide
    • Nowak D.J., Stevens J.C., Sisinni S.M., Luley C.J. Effects of urban tree management and species selection on atmospheric carbon dioxide. Journal of Arboriculture 2002, 28(3):113-122.
    • (2002) Journal of Arboriculture , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 113-122
    • Nowak, D.J.1    Stevens, J.C.2    Sisinni, S.M.3    Luley, C.J.4
  • 66
    • 57649198453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An urban parameterization for a global climate model. 2. Sensitivity to input parameters and the simulated urban heat island in offline simulations
    • Oleson K.W., Bonan G.B., Feddema J., Vertenstein M. An urban parameterization for a global climate model. 2. Sensitivity to input parameters and the simulated urban heat island in offline simulations. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 2008, 47:1061-1076.
    • (2008) Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology , vol.47 , pp. 1061-1076
    • Oleson, K.W.1    Bonan, G.B.2    Feddema, J.3    Vertenstein, M.4
  • 68
    • 24344499030 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of C, N, P and S in grassland soils: a model
    • Parton W.J., Stewart J.W.B., Cole C.V. Dynamics of C, N, P and S in grassland soils: a model. Biogeochemistry 1988, 5:109-131.
    • (1988) Biogeochemistry , vol.5 , pp. 109-131
    • Parton, W.J.1    Stewart, J.W.B.2    Cole, C.V.3
  • 69
    • 0002631098 scopus 로고
    • Roots and water economy of wheat
    • Plenum Press, New York, W. Day, R.K. Atkin (Eds.)
    • Passioura J.B. Roots and water economy of wheat. Wheat Growth and Modelling 1985, 407. Plenum Press, New York. W. Day, R.K. Atkin (Eds.).
    • (1985) Wheat Growth and Modelling , pp. 407
    • Passioura, J.B.1
  • 71
    • 1342290459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide and its isotopic composition in an urban atmosphere: anthropogenic and biogenic effects
    • Pataki D.E., Bowling D.R., Ehleringer J.R. Seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide and its isotopic composition in an urban atmosphere: anthropogenic and biogenic effects. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2003, 108(D23):4735. 10.1029/2003JD003865.
    • (2003) Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres , vol.108 , Issue.23 D , pp. 4735
    • Pataki, D.E.1    Bowling, D.R.2    Ehleringer, J.R.3
  • 72
    • 34248231985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inferring biogenic and anthropogenic carbon dioxide sources across an urban to rural gradient
    • Pataki D.E., Xu T., Luo Y.Q., Ehleringer J.R. Inferring biogenic and anthropogenic carbon dioxide sources across an urban to rural gradient. Oecologia 2007, 152(2):307-322.
    • (2007) Oecologia , vol.152 , Issue.2 , pp. 307-322
    • Pataki, D.E.1    Xu, T.2    Luo, Y.Q.3    Ehleringer, J.R.4
  • 77
    • 0038372569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controls on mass loss and nitrogen dynamics of oak leaf litter along an urban-rural land-use gradient
    • Pouyat R.V., Carreiro M.M. Controls on mass loss and nitrogen dynamics of oak leaf litter along an urban-rural land-use gradient. Oecologia 2003, 135:288-298.
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.135 , pp. 288-298
    • Pouyat, R.V.1    Carreiro, M.M.2
  • 78
    • 33746427153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon storage by urban soils in the United States
    • Pouyat R.V., Yesilonis I.D., Nowak D.J. Carbon storage by urban soils in the United States. Journal of Environment Quality 2006, 35(4):1566-1575. 10.2134/jeq2005.0215.
    • (2006) Journal of Environment Quality , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 1566-1575
    • Pouyat, R.V.1    Yesilonis, I.D.2    Nowak, D.J.3
  • 79
  • 80
    • 0027878745 scopus 로고
    • A simulation model for the transient effects of climate change on forest landscapes
    • Prentice I.C., Sykes M.T., Cramer W. A simulation model for the transient effects of climate change on forest landscapes. Ecological Modelling 1993, 65:51-70.
    • (1993) Ecological Modelling , vol.65 , pp. 51-70
    • Prentice, I.C.1    Sykes, M.T.2    Cramer, W.3
  • 82
    • 0024255197 scopus 로고
    • A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications, I. Hydrologic balance, canopy gas exchange and primary production processes
    • Running S.W., Coughlan J.C. A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications, I. Hydrologic balance, canopy gas exchange and primary production processes. Ecological Modelling 1988, 42:125-154.
    • (1988) Ecological Modelling , vol.42 , pp. 125-154
    • Running, S.W.1    Coughlan, J.C.2
  • 83
    • 33747712092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modeling approach to evaluate the impacts of water quality management plans implemented in a watershed in Texas
    • Santhi C., Srinivasan R., Arnold J.G., Williams J.R. A modeling approach to evaluate the impacts of water quality management plans implemented in a watershed in Texas. Environmental Modelling & Software 2006, 21:1141-1157.
    • (2006) Environmental Modelling & Software , vol.21 , pp. 1141-1157
    • Santhi, C.1    Srinivasan, R.2    Arnold, J.G.3    Williams, J.R.4
  • 84
    • 34547796798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating the effects of urbanization, afforestation and cropland abandonment on a regional carbon balance: a case study for Central Germany
    • Schaldach R., Alcamo J. Simulating the effects of urbanization, afforestation and cropland abandonment on a regional carbon balance: a case study for Central Germany. Regional Environmental Change 2007, 7:137-148.
    • (2007) Regional Environmental Change , vol.7 , pp. 137-148
    • Schaldach, R.1    Alcamo, J.2
  • 85
    • 0038340891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The implications of exoenzyme activity on microbial C and N limitation in soil: a theoretical model
    • Schimel J.P., Weintraub M.N. The implications of exoenzyme activity on microbial C and N limitation in soil: a theoretical model. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2003, 35:549-563.
    • (2003) Soil Biology and Biochemistry , vol.35 , pp. 549-563
    • Schimel, J.P.1    Weintraub, M.N.2
  • 87
    • 0022209460 scopus 로고
    • Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis and transpiration
    • Sellers P.J. Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis and transpiration. International Journal of Remote Sensing 1985, 6:1335-1372.
    • (1985) International Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.6 , pp. 1335-1372
    • Sellers, P.J.1
  • 88
    • 27644518404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating the dynamics of primary productivity of a Sonoran ecosystem: model parameterization and validation
    • Shen W.J., Wu J.G., Kemp P.R., Reynolds J.F., Grimm N.B. Simulating the dynamics of primary productivity of a Sonoran ecosystem: model parameterization and validation. Ecological Modelling 2005, 189:1-24.
    • (2005) Ecological Modelling , vol.189 , pp. 1-24
    • Shen, W.J.1    Wu, J.G.2    Kemp, P.R.3    Reynolds, J.F.4    Grimm, N.B.5
  • 89
    • 43149111289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of urbanization-induced environmental changes on ecosystem functioning in the Phoenix metropolitan region, USA
    • Shen W., Wu J., Grimm N.B., Hope D. Effects of urbanization-induced environmental changes on ecosystem functioning in the Phoenix metropolitan region, USA. Ecosystems 2008, 11(1):138-155. 10.1007/s10021-007-9085-0.
    • (2008) Ecosystems , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 138-155
    • Shen, W.1    Wu, J.2    Grimm, N.B.3    Hope, D.4
  • 92
    • 0037293704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model
    • Sitch S., Smith B., Prentice I.C., Arneth A., Bondeau A., Cramer W. Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model. Global Change Biology 2003, 9:161-185.
    • (2003) Global Change Biology , vol.9 , pp. 161-185
    • Sitch, S.1    Smith, B.2    Prentice, I.C.3    Arneth, A.4    Bondeau, A.5    Cramer, W.6
  • 93
    • 1542758449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanised territories as a specific component of the Global Carbon Cycle
    • Svirejeva-Hopkins A., Schellnhuber H.J., Pomaz V.L. Urbanised territories as a specific component of the Global Carbon Cycle. Ecological Modelling 2004, 173(2-3):295-312. 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.09.022.
    • (2004) Ecological Modelling , vol.173 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 295-312
    • Svirejeva-Hopkins, A.1    Schellnhuber, H.J.2    Pomaz, V.L.3
  • 94
    • 0031574289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An urban hydrological model with high spatial resolution rainfall from a meteorological model
    • Thielen J., Creutin J.D. An urban hydrological model with high spatial resolution rainfall from a meteorological model. Journal of Hydrology 1997, 200:58-83.
    • (1997) Journal of Hydrology , vol.200 , pp. 58-83
    • Thielen, J.1    Creutin, J.D.2
  • 95
    • 78650773938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The response of the terrestrial biosphere to urbanization: land cover conversion, climate, and urban pollution
    • Trusilova K., Churkina G. The response of the terrestrial biosphere to urbanization: land cover conversion, climate, and urban pollution. Biogeosciences 2008, 5(6):1505-1515. 10.5194/bg-5-1505-2008.
    • (2008) Biogeosciences , vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp. 1505-1515
    • Trusilova, K.1    Churkina, G.2
  • 96
    • 84870721100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Census Bureau [internet]. Available from: [cited ].
    • US Census Bureau [internet]. Available from: [cited 2010]. http://www.census.gov/popfinder/.
    • (2010)
  • 98
    • 0029661392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CLUE: a conceptual model to study the conversion of land use and its effects
    • Veldkamp A., Fresco L. CLUE: a conceptual model to study the conversion of land use and its effects. Ecological Modelling 1996, 85:253-270.
    • (1996) Ecological Modelling , vol.85 , pp. 253-270
    • Veldkamp, A.1    Fresco, L.2
  • 101
    • 0000313370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dynamic modeling approach to simulating socioeconomic effects on landscape changes
    • Wang Y., Zhang X. A dynamic modeling approach to simulating socioeconomic effects on landscape changes. Ecological Modelling 2001, 140:141-162.
    • (2001) Ecological Modelling , vol.140 , pp. 141-162
    • Wang, Y.1    Zhang, X.2
  • 103
    • 0028667763 scopus 로고
    • A distributed hydrology-vegetation model for complex terrain
    • Wigmosta M.S., Vail L.W., Lettenmaier D.P. A distributed hydrology-vegetation model for complex terrain. Water Resources Research 1994, 30(6):1665-1680.
    • (1994) Water Resources Research , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 1665-1680
    • Wigmosta, M.S.1    Vail, L.W.2    Lettenmaier, D.P.3
  • 104
    • 0001238641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchy and scaling: extrapolating information along a scaling ladder
    • Wu J. Hierarchy and scaling: extrapolating information along a scaling ladder. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 1999, 25(4):367-380.
    • (1999) Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 367-380
    • Wu, J.1
  • 105
    • 0037099993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A spatially explicit hierarchical approach to modeling complex ecological systems: theory and applications
    • Wu J., David J.L. A spatially explicit hierarchical approach to modeling complex ecological systems: theory and applications. Ecological Modelling 2002, 153:7-26.
    • (2002) Ecological Modelling , vol.153 , pp. 7-26
    • Wu, J.1    David, J.L.2
  • 106
    • 28144454167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking land-use change with ecosystem processes: a hierarchical patch dynamic model
    • Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York, S. Guhathakurta (Ed.)
    • Wu J., Jenerette G.D., David J.L. Linking land-use change with ecosystem processes: a hierarchical patch dynamic model. Integrated Land-Use and Environmental Models 2003, 99-119. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York. S. Guhathakurta (Ed.).
    • (2003) Integrated Land-Use and Environmental Models , pp. 99-119
    • Wu, J.1    Jenerette, G.D.2    David, J.L.3
  • 107
    • 0034844725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of shortwave radiation fluxes for nonuniform vegetation canopies in land surface models
    • Yang R., Friedl M.A., Ni W. Parameterization of shortwave radiation fluxes for nonuniform vegetation canopies in land surface models. Journal of Geophysical Research 2001, 106:14275-14286.
    • (2001) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.106 , pp. 14275-14286
    • Yang, R.1    Friedl, M.A.2    Ni, W.3
  • 108
    • 78149465787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing municipal green space for ecosystem services
    • Young R.F. Managing municipal green space for ecosystem services. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2010, 9:313-321.
    • (2010) Urban Forestry & Urban Greening , vol.9 , pp. 313-321
    • Young, R.F.1
  • 109
    • 0000347447 scopus 로고
    • Primary unit of the tree crown
    • Zeide B. Primary unit of the tree crown. Ecology 1993, 74:1598-1602.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 1598-1602
    • Zeide, B.1
  • 111
    • 77949274516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of urban forests on offsetting carbon emissions from industrial energy use in Hangzhou, China
    • Zhao M., Kong Z.H., Escobedo F.J., Gao J. Impacts of urban forests on offsetting carbon emissions from industrial energy use in Hangzhou, China. Journal of Environment Management 2010, 91(4):807-813. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.10.010.
    • (2010) Journal of Environment Management , vol.91 , Issue.4 , pp. 807-813
    • Zhao, M.1    Kong, Z.H.2    Escobedo, F.J.3    Gao, J.4
  • 112
    • 4544280361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2/temperature gradient and associated changes in initial plant productivity during secondary succession
    • 2/temperature gradient and associated changes in initial plant productivity during secondary succession. Oecologia 2004, 139:454-458.
    • (2004) Oecologia , vol.139 , pp. 454-458
    • Ziska, L.H.1    Bunce, J.A.2    Goins, E.W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.