Blade-granule bed stress in a cylindrical high shear granulator: I-Online measurement and characterisation

Chemical Engineering Science

Volumn 86, Issue , 2013, Pages 38-49

  Chan, Ei L ^a   Reynolds, Gavin K ^b   Gururajan, Bindhu ^c   Hounslow, Michael J ^a   Salman, Agba D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^b ASTRAZENECA   (United Kingdom)

^c ASTRAZENECA R AND D   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Blade granule bed stress; Granulation; High shear granulator; Impeller; Moving bed; Pressure sensor

Indexed keywords

GRANULATORS; IMPELLERS; PRESSURE SENSORS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; VELOCITY;

BED HEIGHT; BED LOAD; BULK FLOW; COLLISIONAL STRESS; FLOW REGIMES; GRANULE SIZE; GROWTH BEHAVIOUR; HIGH SPEED IMAGING; HIGH-SHEAR GRANULATOR; IMPELLER SPEED; INERTIAL FORCES; MOVING BED; NORMAL STRESS; OPERATING CONDITION; ROTATING IMPELLER BLADES; STRESS MODELS; SURFACE VELOCITY;

GRANULATION;

EID: 84870252306     PISSN: 00092509     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.04.019     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Adams M.J., Mullier M.A., Seville J.P.K. Agglomerate strength measurement using a uniaxial confined compression test. Powder Technol. 1994, 78:5-13.
2. Bagster D.F., Bridgwater J. The measurement of the force needed to move blades through a bed of cohesionless granules. Powder Technol. 1967, 1:189-198.
3. Bagster D.F., Bridgwater J. The flow of granular material over a moving blade. Powder Technol. 1969, 3:323-338.
4. Briens L., Daniher D., Tallevi A. Monitoring high-shear granulation using sound and vibration measurements. Int. J. Pharm. 2007, 331:54-60.
5. Campbell C.S. Granular material flows - An overview. Powder Technol. 2006, 162:208-229.
6. Cavinato M., Bresciani M., Machin M., Bellazzi G., Canu P., Santomaso A.C. Formulation design for optimal high-shear wet granulation using on-line torque measurements. Int. J. Pharm. 2010, 387:48-55.
7. Chan E.L., Reynolds G.K., Gururajan B., Hounslow M.J., Salman A.D. Granule stress characterisation for high shear granulation: model validation. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2010, 62:1335-1336.
8. Cliff M.J. Granulation end point and automated process control: Part 1. Pharm. Technol. 1990, 14:112-132.
9. Corvari V., Fry W.C., Seibert W.L., Augsburger L. Instrumentation of a high-shear mixer: evaluation and comparison of a new capacitive sensor, a watt meter, and a strain-gage torque sensor for wet granulation monitoring. Pharm. Res. 1992, 9:1525-1533.
10. Daniher D., Briens L., Tallevi A. End-point detection in high-shear granulation using sound and vibration signal analysis. Powder Technol. 2008, 181:130-136.
11. Ennis B.J., Tardos G., Pfeffer R. A microlevel-based characterization of granulation phenomena. Powder Technol. 1991, 65:257-272.
12. Fu J., Chan E.L., Song T., Gilmour C.M., Hounslow M.J., Salman A.D. Characterisation and measurement of impeller stress in high shear granulation, UK-China Particle Technology Forum 2009, Guiyang, China.
13. Gabbott I. Designer Granules: Beating the Trade-off Between Granule Strength and Dissolution time, Chemical and Process Engineering 2007, University of Sheffield, Sheffield,UK.
14. Gui L.C., Merzkirch W. A method for tracking ensembles of particle images. Exp. Fluids 1996, 21:465-468.
15. Holm P., Schaefer T., Kristensen H.G. Granulation in high-speed mixers Part V. Power consumption and temperature changes during granulation. Powder Technol. 1985, 43:213-223.
16. Holm P., Schaefer T., Kristensen H.G. Granulation in high-speed mixers Part VI. Effects of process conditions on power consumption and granule growth. Powder Technol. 1985, 43:225-233.
17. Iveson S.M., Litster J.D., Ennis B.J. Fundamental studies of granule consolidation.1. Effects of binder content and binder viscosity. Powder Technol. 1996, 88:15-20.
18. Jumikis A.R. Active and Passive earth Pressure Coefficient Tables 1962, Bureau of Engineering Research, New Jersey.
19. Keningley S.T., Knight P.C., Marson A.D. An investigation into the effects of binder viscosity on agglomeration behaviour. Powder Technol. 1997, 91:95-103.
20. Knight P.C., Seville J.P.K., Wellm A.B., Instone T. Prediction of impeller torque in high shear powder mixers. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2001, 56:4457-4471.
21. Kopcha M., Roland E., Bubb G., Vadino W.A. Monitoring the granulation process in a high shear mixer/granulator: an evaluation of three approaches to instrumentation. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 1992, 18:1945-1968.
22. Leuenberger H., Luy B., Studer J. New development in the control of a moist agglomeration and pelletization process. STP Pharma Sci. 1990, 6:303-309.
23. Litster J.D., Hapgood K.P., Micheals J.N., Sims A., Roberts M., Kameneni S.K. Scale-up of mixer granulators for effective liquid distribution. Powder Technol. 2002, 124:272-280.
24. Liu L.X., Litster J.D., Iveson S.M., Ennis B.J. Coalescence of deformable granules in wet granulation processes. AlChE J. 2000, 46:529-539.
25. Mackaplow M.B., Rosen L.A., Michaels J.N. Effect of primary particle size on granule growth and endpoint determination in high-shear wet granulation. Powder Technol. 2000, 108:32-45.
26. Makishima S., Shirai T. Experimental study on the power requirements for agitating beds of solid particles, and proposal of a new model. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 1968, 1:168-174.
27. Mori, N., Chang, K.-A., 2009. Introduction to MPIV - PIV toolbox in MATLAB.
28. Mort P.R. Scale-up and control of binder agglomeration processes - flow and stress fields. Powder Technol. 2009, 189:313-317.
29. Nedderman R.M. Statics and Kinematics of Granular Materials 1992, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
30. Ohike A., Ashihara K., Ibuki R. Granulation monitoring by fast Fourier transform technique. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1999, 47:1734-1739.
31. Picker-Freyer K.M., Dürig T. Physical mechanical and tablet formation properties of hydroxypropylcellulose: in pure form and in mixtures. AAPS Pharm. Sci. Tech. 2007, 8:E1-E9.
32. Ramirez A., Nielsen J., Ayuga F. On the use of plate-type normal pressure cells in silos. Part 1Calibration and evaluation. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2010, 71:71-76.
33. Samimi A., Hassanpour A., Ghadiri M. Single and bulk compressions of soft granules: experimental study and DEM evaluation. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2005, 60:3993-4004.
34. Schaefer T., Holm P., Kristensen H.G. Melt pelletization in a high shear mixer. II: Power consumption and granule growth. Acta Pharm. Nordica 1992, 4:141-148.
35. Staniforth J.N., Walker S., Flanders P. Granulation monitoring in a high-speed mixer processor using a probe vibration analysis technique. Int. J. Pharm. 1986, 31:277-280.
36. Talu I., Tardos G.I., Ruud Van Ommen J. Use of stress fluctuations to monitor wet granulation of powders. Powder Technol. 2001, 117:149-162.
37. Tardos G.I., Khan M.I., Mort P.R. Critical parameters and limiting conditions in binder granulation of fine powders. Powder Technol. 1997, 94:245-258.
38. Terzaghi K. Theoretical Soil Mechanics 1966, Wiley, New York.
39. Van Den Dries K., Vromans H. Relationship between inhomogeneity phenomena and granule growth mechanisms in a high-shear mixer. Int. J. Pharm. 2002, 247:167-177.
40. Vromans H., Poels-Janssen H.G.M., Egermann H. Effects of high-shear granulation on granulate homogeneity. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 1999, 4:297-303.
41. Watano S., Okamoto T., Sato Y., Osako Y. Scale-up of high shear granulation based on the internal stress measurement. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2005, 53:351-354.