메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 3290-3302

Probiotics in the critically ill: A systematic review of the randomized trial evidence

Author keywords

critically ill; probiotics; systematic review

Indexed keywords

PLACEBO; PROBIOTIC AGENT;

EID: 84870238898     PISSN: 00903493     EISSN: 15300293     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318260cc33     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (105)

References (109)
  • 1
    • 15544369658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine
    • Bäckhed F, Ley RE, Sonnenburg JL, et al: Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine. Science 2005; 307:1915-1920
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 1915-1920
    • Bäckhed, F.1    Ley, R.E.2    Sonnenburg, J.L.3
  • 2
    • 0033814549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut-derived sepsis occurs when the right pathogen with the right virulence genes meets the right host: Evidence for in vivo virulence expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Alverdy J, Holbrook C, Rocha F, et al: Gut-derived sepsis occurs when the right pathogen with the right virulence genes meets the right host: Evidence for in vivo virulence expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ann Surg 2000; 232:480-489
    • (2000) Ann Surg , vol.232 , pp. 480-489
    • Alverdy, J.1    Holbrook, C.2    Rocha, F.3
  • 3
    • 43349103474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The re-emerging role of the intestinal microflora in critical illness and inflammation: Why the gut hypothesis of sepsis syndrome will not go away
    • Alverdy JC, Chang EB: The re-emerging role of the intestinal microflora in critical illness and inflammation: Why the gut hypothesis of sepsis syndrome will not go away. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 83:461-466
    • (2008) J Leukoc Biol , vol.83 , pp. 461-466
    • Alverdy, J.C.1    Chang, E.B.2
  • 4
    • 50249123498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiota of critically ill patients
    • Iapichino G, Callegari ML, Marzorati S, et al: Impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiota of critically ill patients. J Med Microbiol 2008; 57(Pt 8):1007-1014
    • (2008) J Med Microbiol , vol.57 , Issue.PART 8 , pp. 1007-1014
    • Iapichino, G.1    Callegari, M.L.2    Marzorati, S.3
  • 5
    • 33646102235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered gut flora and environment in patients with severe SIRS
    • Shimizu K, Ogura H, Goto M, et al: Altered gut flora and environment in patients with severe SIRS. J Trauma 2006; 60:126-133
    • (2006) J Trauma , vol.60 , pp. 126-133
    • Shimizu, K.1    Ogura, H.2    Goto, M.3
  • 6
    • 0142095003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential uses of probiotics in clinical practice
    • Reid G, Jass J, Sebulsky MT, et al: Potential uses of probiotics in clinical practice. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003; 16:658-672
    • (2003) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.16 , pp. 658-672
    • Reid, G.1    Jass, J.2    Sebulsky, M.T.3
  • 7
    • 0037706993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New scientific paradigms for probiotics and prebiotics
    • Reid G, Sanders ME, Gaskins HR, et al: New scientific paradigms for probiotics and prebiotics. J Clin Gastroenterol 2003; 37:105-118
    • (2003) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.37 , pp. 105-118
    • Reid, G.1    Sanders, M.E.2    Gaskins, H.R.3
  • 8
    • 12744273405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Updating the concept of prebiotics
    • Gibson GR, Probert HM, Loo JV, et al: Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Updating the concept of prebiotics. Nutr Res Rev 2004; 17:259-275
    • (2004) Nutr Res Rev , vol.17 , pp. 259-275
    • Gibson, G.R.1    Probert, H.M.2    Loo, J.V.3
  • 9
    • 0029013322 scopus 로고
    • Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Introducing the concept of prebiotics
    • Gibson GR, Roberfroid MB: Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr 1995; 125:1401-1412
    • (1995) J Nutr , vol.125 , pp. 1401-1412
    • Gibson, G.R.1    Roberfroid, M.B.2
  • 10
    • 33748153615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics and the immune response
    • Madsen K: Probiotics and the immune response. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006; 40: 232-234
    • (2006) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.40 , pp. 232-234
    • Madsen, K.1
  • 11
    • 2142810997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA from probiotic bacteria modulates murine and human epithelial and immune function
    • Jijon H, Backer J, Diaz H, et al: DNA from probiotic bacteria modulates murine and human epithelial and immune function. Gastroenterology 2004; 126:1358-1373
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.126 , pp. 1358-1373
    • Jijon, H.1    Backer, J.2    Diaz, H.3
  • 12
    • 34250622074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteriocin production as a mechanism for the antiinfective activity of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118
    • Corr SC, Li Y, Riedel CU, et al: Bacteriocin production as a mechanism for the antiinfective activity of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104:7617-7621
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.104 , pp. 7617-7621
    • Corr, S.C.1    Li, Y.2    Riedel, C.U.3
  • 13
    • 44649149490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human-derived probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri demonstrate antimicrobial activities targeting diverse enteric bacterial pathogens
    • Spinler JK, Taweechotipatr M, Rognerud CL, et al: Human-derived probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri demonstrate antimicrobial activities targeting diverse enteric bacterial pathogens. Anaerobe 2008; 14:166-171
    • (2008) Anaerobe , vol.14 , pp. 166-171
    • Spinler, J.K.1    Taweechotipatr, M.2    Rognerud, C.L.3
  • 14
    • 33847770467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of probiotic therapy in critically ill patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Alberda C, Gramlich L, Meddings J, et al: Effects of probiotic therapy in critically ill patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:816-823
    • (2007) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.85 , pp. 816-823
    • Alberda, C.1    Gramlich, L.2    Meddings, J.3
  • 15
    • 39449089584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Dutch Acute Pancreatitis Study Group
    • Besselink MG, van Santvoort HC, Buskens E, et al; Dutch Acute Pancreatitis Study Group: Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 371:651-659
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , pp. 651-659
    • Besselink, M.G.1    Van Santvoort, H.C.2    Buskens, E.3
  • 16
    • 77955919598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics in the critically ill patient: A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Barraud D, Blard C, Hein F, et al: Probiotics in the critically ill patient: A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 2010; 36:1540-1547
    • (2010) Intensive Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 1540-1547
    • Barraud, D.1    Blard, C.2    Hein, F.3
  • 17
    • 0036708220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus species as a cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a critically ill trauma patient
    • Wood GC, Boucher BA, Croce MA, et al: Lactobacillus species as a cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a critically ill trauma patient. Pharmacotherapy 2002; 22:1180-1182
    • (2002) Pharmacotherapy , vol.22 , pp. 1180-1182
    • Wood, G.C.1    Boucher, B.A.2    Croce, M.A.3
  • 18
    • 0042279261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Critical Care Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee: Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated critically ill adult patients
    • Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Drover JW, et al; Canadian Critical Care Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee: Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003; 27:355-373
    • (2003) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.27 , pp. 355-373
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Dhaliwal, R.2    Drover, J.W.3
  • 19
    • 77749254707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of probiotics in patients receiving nutritional support: A systematic review of case reports, randomized controlled trials, and nonrandomized trials
    • Whelan K, Myers CE: Safety of probiotics in patients receiving nutritional support: A systematic review of case reports, randomized controlled trials, and nonrandomized trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:687-703
    • (2010) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.91 , pp. 687-703
    • Whelan, K.1    Myers, C.E.2
  • 21
    • 22744446859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic therapy for the prevention and treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: A systematic review
    • Dendukuri N, Costa V, McGregor M, et al: Probiotic therapy for the prevention and treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: A systematic review. CMAJ 2005; 173:167-170
    • (2005) CMAJ , vol.173 , pp. 167-170
    • Dendukuri, N.1    Costa, V.2    McGregor, M.3
  • 22
    • 77249176572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the administration of probiotics on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Siempos II, Ntaidou TK, Falagas ME. Impact of the administration of probiotics on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care Med 2010; 38:954-962
    • (2010) Crit Care Med , vol.38 , pp. 954-962
    • Siempos, I.I.1    Ntaidou, T.K.2    Falagas, M.E.3
  • 23
    • 33947716253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of pre-pro-and synbiotics in adult intensive care unit patients: Systematic review
    • Watkinson PJ, Barber VS, Dark P, et al: The use of pre-pro-and synbiotics in adult intensive care unit patients: Systematic review. Clin Nutr 2007; 26:182-192
    • (2007) Clin Nutr , vol.26 , pp. 182-192
    • Watkinson, P.J.1    Barber, V.S.2    Dark, P.3
  • 24
    • 55849087961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: A meta-analysis
    • Sun S, Yang K, He X, et al: Probiotics in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: A meta-analysis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2009; 394:171-177
    • (2009) Langenbecks Arch Surg , vol.394 , pp. 171-177
    • Sun, S.1    Yang, K.2    He, X.3
  • 25
    • 77955930188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of pre-, pro-and synbiotics in patients with acute pancreatitis: A meta-analysis
    • Zhang MM, Cheng JQ, Lu YR, et al: Use of pre-, pro-and synbiotics in patients with acute pancreatitis: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:3970-3978
    • (2010) World J Gastroenterol , vol.16 , pp. 3970-3978
    • Zhang, M.M.1    Cheng, J.Q.2    Lu, Y.R.3
  • 26
    • 77955287649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decrease in frequency of liquid stool in enterally fed critically ill patients given the multispecies probiotic VSL#3: A pilot trial
    • Frohmader TJ, Chaboyer WP, Robertson IK, et al: Decrease in frequency of liquid stool in enterally fed critically ill patients given the multispecies probiotic VSL#3: A pilot trial. Am J Crit Care 2010; 19:e1-e11
    • (2010) Am J Crit Care , vol.19
    • Frohmader, T.J.1    Chaboyer, W.P.2    Robertson, I.K.3
  • 27
    • 77958006512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic prophylaxis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A blinded, randomized, controlled trial
    • Morrow LE, Kollef MH, Casale TB: Probiotic prophylaxis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182:1058-1064
    • (2010) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.182 , pp. 1058-1064
    • Morrow, L.E.1    Kollef, M.H.2    Casale, T.B.3
  • 28
    • 79955039217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of probiotics on gut permeability and endotoxemia in patients with acute pancreatitis: A double-blind randomized controlled trial
    • Sharma B, Srivastava S, Singh N, et al: Role of probiotics on gut permeability and endotoxemia in patients with acute pancreatitis: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Clin Gastroenterol 2011; 45:442-448
    • (2011) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.45 , pp. 442-448
    • Sharma, B.1    Srivastava, S.2    Singh, N.3
  • 29
    • 79251524231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus GG as treatment for diarrhea during enteral feeding in critical illness: Randomized controlled trial
    • Ferrie S, Daley M: Lactobacillus GG as treatment for diarrhea during enteral feeding in critical illness: Randomized controlled trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2011; 35:43-49
    • (2011) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.35 , pp. 43-49
    • Ferrie, S.1    Daley, M.2
  • 30
    • 82455188302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of probiotics on serum levels of Th1/Th2 cytokine and clinical outcomes in severe traumatic brain-injured patients: A prospective randomized pilot study
    • Tan M, Zhu JC, Du J, et al: Effects of probiotics on serum levels of Th1/Th2 cytokine and clinical outcomes in severe traumatic brain-injured patients: A prospective randomized pilot study. Crit Care 2011; 15:R290
    • (2011) Crit Care , vol.15
    • Tan, M.1    Zhu, J.C.2    Du, J.3
  • 32
    • 39549095784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arcsine test for publication bias in meta-analyses with binary outcomes
    • Rücker G, Schwarzer G, Carpenter J: Arcsine test for publication bias in meta-analyses with binary outcomes. Stat Med 2008; 27:746-763
    • (2008) Stat Med , vol.27 , pp. 746-763
    • Rücker, G.1    Schwarzer, G.2    Carpenter, J.3
  • 33
    • 79960705415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Version 5.1 Copenhagen, The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration
    • Review Manager (RevMan) [Computer program]. Version 5.1. Copenhagen, The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011
    • (2011) Review Manager (RevMan) [Computer Program]
  • 35
    • 79961135005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team Vienna, Austria, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. ISBN 3-900051-07-0 Accessed March 10, 2012
    • R Development Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. ISBN 3-900051-07-0. 2011. Available at: http://www.R-project.org/. Accessed March 10, 2012
    • (2011) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
  • 37
    • 70049108138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteria-free solution derived from Lactobacillus plantarum inhibits multiple NF-kappaB pathways and inhibits proteasome function
    • Petrof EO, Claud EC, Sun J, et al: Bacteria-free solution derived from Lactobacillus plantarum inhibits multiple NF-kappaB pathways and inhibits proteasome function. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009; 15:1537-1547
    • (2009) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.15 , pp. 1537-1547
    • Petrof, E.O.1    Claud, E.C.2    Sun, J.3
  • 38
    • 77952682071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of human epithelial tight junction proteins by Lactobacillus plantarum in vivo and protective effects on the epithelial barrier
    • Karczewski J, Troost FJ, Konings I, et al: Regulation of human epithelial tight junction proteins by Lactobacillus plantarum in vivo and protective effects on the epithelial barrier. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 298:G851-G859
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.298
    • Karczewski, J.1    Troost, F.J.2    Konings, I.3
  • 39
    • 33646394091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble factors from Lactobacillus GG activate MAPKs and induce cytoprotective heat shock proteins in intestinal epithelial cells
    • Tao Y, Drabik KA, Waypa TS, et al: Soluble factors from Lactobacillus GG activate MAPKs and induce cytoprotective heat shock proteins in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 290:C1018-C1030
    • (2006) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.290
    • Tao, Y.1    Drabik, K.A.2    Waypa, T.S.3
  • 40
    • 33847021973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble proteins produced by probiotic bacteria regulate intestinal epithelial cell survival and growth
    • Yan F, Cao H, Cover TL, et al: Soluble proteins produced by probiotic bacteria regulate intestinal epithelial cell survival and growth. Gastroenterology 2007; 132:562-575
    • (2007) Gastroenterology , vol.132 , pp. 562-575
    • Yan, F.1    Cao, H.2    Cover, T.L.3
  • 41
    • 63949084824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synbiotics decrease the incidence of septic complications in patients with severe SIRS: A preliminary report
    • Shimizu K, Ogura H, Goto M, et al: Synbiotics decrease the incidence of septic complications in patients with severe SIRS: A preliminary report. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54:1071-1078
    • (2009) Dig Dis Sci , vol.54 , pp. 1071-1078
    • Shimizu, K.1    Ogura, H.2    Goto, M.3
  • 42
    • 0035934054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence
    • Heyland DK, Novak F, Drover JW, et al: Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence. JAMA 2001; 286:944-953
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 944-953
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Novak, F.2    Drover, J.W.3
  • 43
    • 0020532820 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of diarrhea administering Saccharomyces boulardii during continuous enteral feeding
    • Tempé JD, Steidel AL, Blehaut H, et al: [Prevention of diarrhea administering Saccharomyces boulardii during continuous enteral feeding]. Sem Hop 1983; 59:1409-1412
    • (1983) Sem Hop , vol.59 , pp. 1409-1412
    • Tempé, J.D.1    Steidel, A.L.2    Blehaut, H.3
  • 44
    • 0003019422 scopus 로고
    • Intérêt de Saccharomyces boulardii dans la tolérance digestive de la nutrition entérale à débit continu chez le brulé
    • Schlotterer M, Bernasconi P, Lebreton F, et al: [Intérêt de Saccharomyces boulardii dans la tolérance digestive de la nutrition entérale à débit continu chez le brulé]. Nutr Clin Métabol 1987;1:31-34
    • (1987) Nutr Clin Métabol , vol.1 , pp. 31-34
    • Schlotterer, M.1    Bernasconi, P.2    Lebreton, F.3
  • 45
    • 0028021516 scopus 로고
    • Diarrhea with enteral feeding: Prospective reappraisal of putative causes
    • Heimburger DC, Sockwell DG, Geels WJ: Diarrhea with enteral feeding: Prospective reappraisal of putative causes. Nutrition 1994; 10:392-396
    • (1994) Nutrition , vol.10 , pp. 392-396
    • Heimburger, D.C.1    Sockwell, D.G.2    Geels, W.J.3
  • 46
    • 0030958897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces boulardii prevents diarrhea in critically ill tube-fed patients. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    • Bleichner G, Bléhaut H, Mentec H, et al: Saccharomyces boulardii prevents diarrhea in critically ill tube-fed patients. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 1997; 23:517-523
    • (1997) Intensive Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 517-523
    • Bleichner, G.1    Bléhaut, H.2    Mentec, H.3
  • 47
    • 0037592885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early enteral nutrition with specific lactobacillus and fibre reduces sepsis in patients with severe acute pancreatitis
    • Kecskes G, Tibor B, Olah A: [Early enteral nutrition with specific lactobacillus and fibre reduces sepsis in patients with severe acute pancreatitis]. Magy Seb 2003; 56:3-8
    • (2003) Magy Seb , vol.56 , pp. 3-8
    • Kecskes, G.1    Tibor, B.2    Olah, A.3
  • 48
    • 2942538737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb 12, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and oligofructose on gut barrier function and sepsis in critically ill patients: A randomised controlled trial
    • Jain PK, McNaught CE, Anderson AD, et al: Influence of synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb 12, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and oligofructose on gut barrier function and sepsis in critically ill patients: A randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2004; 23:467-475
    • (2004) Clin Nutr , vol.23 , pp. 467-475
    • Jain, P.K.1    McNaught, C.E.2    Anderson, A.D.3
  • 49
    • 73449121525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary comparative study on the effects of early enteral supplementation of synbiotics on severely burned patients
    • Lu X, Han CM, Yu JX, et al: [Preliminary comparative study on the effects of early enteral supplementation of synbiotics on severely burned patients]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2004; 20:198-201
    • (2004) Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi , vol.20 , pp. 198-201
    • Lu, X.1    Han, C.M.2    Yu, J.X.3
  • 50
    • 33746702149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adhesion of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum 299v onto the gut mucosa in critically ill patients: A randomised open trial
    • Klarin B, Johansson ML, Molin G, et al: Adhesion of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum 299v onto the gut mucosa in critically ill patients: A randomised open trial. Crit Care 2005; 9:R285-R293
    • (2005) Crit Care , vol.9
    • Klarin, B.1    Johansson, M.L.2    Molin, G.3
  • 51
    • 15344342156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective randomised trial of probiotics in critically ill patients
    • McNaught CE, Woodcock NP, Anderson AD, et al: A prospective randomised trial of probiotics in critically ill patients. Clin Nutr 2005; 24:211-219
    • (2005) Clin Nutr , vol.24 , pp. 211-219
    • McNaught, C.E.1    Woodcock, N.P.2    Anderson, A.D.3
  • 52
    • 33749001956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits of a synbiotic formula (Synbiotic 2000Forte) in critically ill trauma patients: Early Results of a randomized controlled trial
    • Kotzampassi K, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Voudouris A, et al: Benefits of a synbiotic formula (Synbiotic 2000Forte) in critically ill trauma patients: Early Results of a randomized controlled trial. World J Surg 2006; 30:1848-1855
    • (2006) World J Surg , vol.30 , pp. 1848-1855
    • Kotzampassi, K.1    Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E.J.2    Voudouris, A.3
  • 53
    • 33947125539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjuvant therapy for probiotics in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: An analysis of 14 cases
    • Li YM: [Adjuvant therapy for probiotics in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: An analysis of 14 cases]. World Chinese J Digest 2007; 15:302-304
    • (2007) World Chinese J Digest , vol.15 , pp. 302-304
    • Li, Y.M.1
  • 54
    • 34248157583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synbiotic control of inflammation and infection in severe acute pancreatitis: A prospective, randomized, double blind study
    • Oláh A, Belágyi T, Pótó L, et al: Synbiotic control of inflammation and infection in severe acute pancreatitis: A prospective, randomized, double blind study. Hepatogastroenterology 2007; 54:590-594
    • (2007) Hepatogastroenterology , vol.54 , pp. 590-594
    • Oláh, A.1    Belágyi, T.2    Pótó, L.3
  • 55
    • 44849142149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral probiotic and prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study in intensive care unit patients
    • Forestier C, Guelon D, Cluytens V, et al: Oral probiotic and prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study in intensive care unit patients. Crit Care 2008; 12:R69
    • (2008) Crit Care , vol.12
    • Forestier, C.1    Guelon, D.2    Cluytens, V.3
  • 56
    • 49849086927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus plantarum 299v reduces colonisation of Clostridium difficile in critically ill patients treated with antibiotics
    • Klarin B, Wullt M, Palmquist I, et al: Lactobacillus plantarum 299v reduces colonisation of Clostridium difficile in critically ill patients treated with antibiotics. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008; 52:1096-1102
    • (2008) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.52 , pp. 1096-1102
    • Klarin, B.1    Wullt, M.2    Palmquist, I.3
  • 57
    • 67349250818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of synbiotic therapy on the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia in critically ill patients: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Knight DJ, Gardiner D, Banks A, et al: Effect of synbiotic therapy on the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia in critically ill patients: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35:854-861
    • (2009) Intensive Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 854-861
    • Knight, D.J.1    Gardiner, D.2    Banks, A.3
  • 58
    • 0034767063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled, double-blind, randomized study on the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum 299V in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
    • Niedzielin K, Kordecki H, Birkenfeld B: A controlled, double-blind, randomized study on the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum 299V in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 13:1143-1147
    • (2001) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.13 , pp. 1143-1147
    • Niedzielin, K.1    Kordecki, H.2    Birkenfeld, B.3
  • 59
    • 0036895047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective randomised study of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299V on indices of gut barrier function in elective surgical patients
    • McNaught CE, Woodcock NP, MacFie J, et al: A prospective randomised study of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299V on indices of gut barrier function in elective surgical patients. Gut 2002; 51:827-831
    • (2002) Gut , vol.51 , pp. 827-831
    • McNaught, C.E.1    Woodcock, N.P.2    MacFie, J.3
  • 60
    • 0036360638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized clinical trial of specific lactobacillus and fibre supplement to early enteral nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis
    • Oláh A, Belágyi T, Issekutz A, et al: Randomized clinical trial of specific lactobacillus and fibre supplement to early enteral nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2002; 89:1103-1107
    • (2002) Br J Surg , vol.89 , pp. 1103-1107
    • Oláh, A.1    Belágyi, T.2    Issekutz, A.3
  • 61
    • 0036716855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ineffectiveness of probiotics in preventing recurrence after curative resection for Crohn's disease: A randomised controlled trial with Lactobacillus GG
    • Prantera C, Scribano ML, Falasco G, et al: Ineffectiveness of probiotics in preventing recurrence after curative resection for Crohn's disease: A randomised controlled trial with Lactobacillus GG. Gut 2002; 51:405-409
    • (2002) Gut , vol.51 , pp. 405-409
    • Prantera, C.1    Scribano, M.L.2    Falasco, G.3
  • 62
    • 0036295030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early enteral supply of fiber and Lactobacilli versus conventional nutrition: A controlled trial in patients with major abdominal surgery
    • Rayes N, Hansen S, Seehofer D, et al: Early enteral supply of fiber and Lactobacilli versus conventional nutrition: A controlled trial in patients with major abdominal surgery. Nutrition 2002; 18:609-615
    • (2002) Nutrition , vol.18 , pp. 609-615
    • Rayes, N.1    Hansen, S.2    Seehofer, D.3
  • 63
    • 0037099390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early enteral supply of lactobacillus and fiber versus selective bowel decontamination: A controlled trial in liver transplant recipients
    • Rayes N, Seehofer D, Hansen S, et al: Early enteral supply of lactobacillus and fiber versus selective bowel decontamination: A controlled trial in liver transplant recipients. Transplantation 2002; 74:123-127
    • (2002) Transplantation , vol.74 , pp. 123-127
    • Rayes, N.1    Seehofer, D.2    Hansen, S.3
  • 64
    • 1642451908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised clinical trial of synbiotic therapy in elective surgical patients
    • Anderson AD, McNaught CE, Jain PK, et al: Randomised clinical trial of synbiotic therapy in elective surgical patients. Gut 2004; 53:241-245
    • (2004) Gut , vol.53 , pp. 241-245
    • Anderson, A.D.1    McNaught, C.E.2    Jain, P.K.3
  • 65
    • 4544357095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation into the effect of a probiotic on gut immune function in surgical patients
    • Woodcock NP, McNaught CE, Morgan DR, et al: An investigation into the effect of a probiotic on gut immune function in surgical patients. Clin Nutr 2004; 23:1069-1073
    • (2004) Clin Nutr , vol.23 , pp. 1069-1073
    • Woodcock, N.P.1    McNaught, C.E.2    Morgan, D.R.3
  • 66
    • 20144387523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synbiotics reduce postoperative infectious complications: A randomized controlled trial in biliary cancer patients undergoing hepatectomy
    • Kanazawa H, Nagino M, Kamiya S, et al: Synbiotics reduce postoperative infectious complications: A randomized controlled trial in biliary cancer patients undergoing hepatectomy. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2005; 390:104-113
    • (2005) Langenbecks Arch Surg , vol.390 , pp. 104-113
    • Kanazawa, H.1    Nagino, M.2    Kamiya, S.3
  • 67
    • 11844284850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supply of pre-and probiotics reduces bacterial infection rates after liver transplantation-A randomized, double-blind trial
    • Rayes N, Seehofer D, Theruvath T, et al: Supply of pre-and probiotics reduces bacterial infection rates after liver transplantation-A randomized, double-blind trial. Am J Transplant 2005; 5:125-130
    • (2005) Am J Transplant , vol.5 , pp. 125-130
    • Rayes, N.1    Seehofer, D.2    Theruvath, T.3
  • 68
    • 33646756180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ineffectiveness of Lactobacillus johnsonii LA1 for prophylaxis of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease: A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled GETAID trial
    • Marteau P, Lémann M, Seksik P, et al: Ineffectiveness of Lactobacillus johnsonii LA1 for prophylaxis of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease: A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled GETAID trial. Gut 2006; 55:842-847
    • (2006) Gut , vol.55 , pp. 842-847
    • Marteau, P.1    Lémann, M.2    Seksik, P.3
  • 69
    • 33750374802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perioperative synbiotic treatment to prevent postoperative infectious complications in biliary cancer surgery: A randomized controlled trial
    • Sugawara G, Nagino M, Nishio H, et al: Perioperative synbiotic treatment to prevent postoperative infectious complications in biliary cancer surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 2006; 244:706-714
    • (2006) Ann Surg , vol.244 , pp. 706-714
    • Sugawara, G.1    Nagino, M.2    Nishio, H.3
  • 70
    • 38649108836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a fermented milk combining Lactobacillus acidophilus Cl1285 and Lactobacillus casei in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Beausoleil M, Fortier N, Guénette S, et al: Effect of a fermented milk combining Lactobacillus acidophilus Cl1285 and Lactobacillus casei in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Can J Gastroenterol 2007; 21:732-736
    • (2007) Can J Gastroenterol , vol.21 , pp. 732-736
    • Beausoleil, M.1    Fortier, N.2    Guénette, S.3
  • 71
    • 34447630803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of probiotic Lactobacillus preparation to prevent diarrhoea associated with antibiotics: Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial
    • Hickson M, D'Souza AL, Muthu N, et al: Use of probiotic Lactobacillus preparation to prevent diarrhoea associated with antibiotics: Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. BMJ 2007; 335:80
    • (2007) BMJ , vol.335 , pp. 80
    • Hickson, M.1    D'Souza, A.L.2    Muthu, N.3
  • 72
    • 34250186714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics reduce infectious complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy
    • Nomura T, Tsuchiya Y, Nashimoto A, et al: Probiotics reduce infectious complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 2007; 54:661-663
    • (2007) Hepatogastroenterology , vol.54 , pp. 661-663
    • Nomura, T.1    Tsuchiya, Y.2    Nashimoto, A.3
  • 73
    • 34248361622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized clinical trial of effect of synbiotics, neomycin and mechanical bowel preparation on intestinal barrier function in patients undergoing colectomy
    • Reddy BS, Macfie J, Gatt M, et al: Randomized clinical trial of effect of synbiotics, neomycin and mechanical bowel preparation on intestinal barrier function in patients undergoing colectomy. Br J Surg 2007; 94:546-554
    • (2007) Br J Surg , vol.94 , pp. 546-554
    • Reddy, B.S.1    MacFie, J.2    Gatt, M.3
  • 74
    • 43349107838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum enteral feeding on the gut permeability and septic complications in the patients with acute pancreatitis
    • Qin HL, Zheng JJ, Tong DN, et al: Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum enteral feeding on the gut permeability and septic complications in the patients with acute pancreatitis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008; 62:923-930
    • (2008) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.62 , pp. 923-930
    • Qin, H.L.1    Zheng, J.J.2    Tong, D.N.3
  • 75
    • 34347330287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of enteral nutrition and synbiotics on bacterial infection rates after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy: A randomized, double-blind trial
    • Rayes N, Seehofer D, Theruvath T, et al: Effect of enteral nutrition and synbiotics on bacterial infection rates after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy: A randomized, double-blind trial. Ann Surg 2007; 246:36-41
    • (2007) Ann Surg , vol.246 , pp. 36-41
    • Rayes, N.1    Seehofer, D.2    Theruvath, T.3
  • 76
    • 77954424086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-response efficacy of a proprietary probiotic formula of Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285 and Lactobacillus casei LBC80R for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea prophylaxis in adult patients
    • Gao XW, Mubasher M, Fang CY, et al: Dose-response efficacy of a proprietary probiotic formula of Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285 and Lactobacillus casei LBC80R for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea prophylaxis in adult patients. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105:1636-1641
    • (2010) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.105 , pp. 1636-1641
    • Gao, X.W.1    Mubasher, M.2    Fang, C.Y.3
  • 77
    • 80052932435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospitalized adults
    • Cimperman L, Bayless G, Best K, et al: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospitalized adults. J Clin Gastroenterol 2011; 45:785-789
    • (2011) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.45 , pp. 785-789
    • Cimperman, L.1    Bayless, G.2    Best, K.3
  • 78
    • 1642313546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits of early enteral nutrition with glutamine and probiotics in brain injury patients
    • Falcão de Arruda IS, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE: Benefits of early enteral nutrition with glutamine and probiotics in brain injury patients. Clin Sci (Lond) 2004; 106:287-292
    • (2004) Clin Sci (Lond) , vol.106 , pp. 287-292
    • Falcão De Arruda, I.S.1    De Aguilar-Nascimento, J.E.2
  • 79
    • 34247884362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synbiotics, prebiotics, glutamine, or peptide in early enteral nutrition: A randomized study in trauma patients
    • Spindler-Vesel A, Bengmark S, Vovk I, et al: Synbiotics, prebiotics, glutamine, or peptide in early enteral nutrition: A randomized study in trauma patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007; 31:119-126
    • (2007) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.31 , pp. 119-126
    • Spindler-Vesel, A.1    Bengmark, S.2    Vovk, I.3
  • 80
    • 78049355540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized clinical trial of gut-specific nutrients in critically ill surgical patients
    • Gatt M, MacFie J: Randomized clinical trial of gut-specific nutrients in critically ill surgical patients. Br J Surg 2010; 97:1629-1636
    • (2010) Br J Surg , vol.97 , pp. 1629-1636
    • Gatt, M.1    MacFie, J.2
  • 81
    • 0027367184 scopus 로고
    • Infection prevention in patients with severe multiple trauma with the immunomodulator beta 1-3 polyglucose (glucan)
    • de Felippe Júnior J, da Rocha e Silva Júnior M, Maciel FM, et al: Infection prevention in patients with severe multiple trauma with the immunomodulator beta 1-3 polyglucose (glucan). Surg Gynecol Obstet 1993; 177:383-388
    • (1993) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.177 , pp. 383-388
    • De Felippe Júnior, J.1    Da Rocha Silva Júnior, E.M.2    MacIel, F.M.3
  • 82
    • 56349125242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299 to reduce pathogenic bacteria in the oropharynx of intubated patients: A randomised controlled open pilot study
    • Klarin B, Molin G, Jeppsson B, et al: Use of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299 to reduce pathogenic bacteria in the oropharynx of intubated patients: A randomised controlled open pilot study. Crit Care 2008; 12:R136
    • (2008) Crit Care , vol.12
    • Klarin, B.1    Molin, G.2    Jeppsson, B.3
  • 83
    • 84857662545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does routine administration of probiotics improve outcome of critically ill patients?
    • Gomersall CD, Joynt GM, Tan P, et al: Does routine administration of probiotics improve outcome of critically ill patients? ANZCA 2006; 34:544
    • (2006) ANZCA , vol.34 , pp. 544
    • Gomersall, C.D.1    Joynt, G.M.2    Tan, P.3
  • 84
    • 77749249698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of synbiotics (Synbiotic 2000 Forte) on monocyte function in long-term ICU patients
    • Dadak L, Stourakava M, Kuklinek P, et al: Impact of synbiotics (Synbiotic 2000 Forte) on monocyte function in long-term ICU patients. Crit Care 2006; 10(S1):S89
    • (2006) Crit Care , vol.10 , Issue.S1
    • Dadak, L.1    Stourakava, M.2    Kuklinek, P.3
  • 85
    • 33947732224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits of symbiotic 2000 forte in critically ill patients: A randomized controlled trial
    • Voudouris A, Kazamias P, Spyridaki E, et al: Benefits of symbiotic 2000 forte in critically ill patients: A randomized controlled trial. Crit Care 2005; 9(S):362
    • (2005) Crit Care , vol.9 , Issue.S , pp. 362
    • Voudouris, A.1    Kazamias, P.2    Spyridaki, E.3
  • 86
    • 0036775731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of probiotics and fibre on the incidence of bacterial infections following major abdominal surgery-Results of a prospective trial
    • Rayes N, Seehofer D, Müller AR, et al: [Influence of probiotics and fibre on the incidence of bacterial infections following major abdominal surgery-Results of a prospective trial]. Z Gastroenterol 2002; 40:869-876
    • (2002) Z Gastroenterol , vol.40 , pp. 869-876
    • Rayes, N.1    Seehofer, D.2    Müller, A.R.3
  • 87
    • 32944481351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of early nasojejunal feeding with modern synbiotic therapy in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (prospective, randomized, double-blind study)
    • Oláh A, Belágyi T, Issekutz A, et al: [Combination of early nasojejunal feeding with modern synbiotic therapy in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (prospective, randomized, double-blind study)]. Magy Seb 2005; 58:173-178
    • (2005) Magy Seb , vol.58 , pp. 173-178
    • Oláh, A.1    Belágyi, T.2    Issekutz, A.3
  • 88
    • 41349089757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic prophylaxis in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis: A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial [Article in Dutch]
    • Besselink MG, van Santvoort HC, Buskens E, et al: [Probiotic prophylaxis in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial] [Article in Dutch]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2008; 152:685-696
    • (2008) Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd , vol.152 , pp. 685-696
    • Besselink, M.G.1    Van Santvoort, H.C.2    Buskens, E.3
  • 89
    • 39449089584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [republished from: Lancet 2008; 371:651-659]
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , pp. 651-659
  • 90
    • 72449206050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pro-and synbiotics to control inflammation and infection in patients with multiple injuries
    • Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Bengmark S, Kanellakopoulou K, et al: Pro-and synbiotics to control inflammation and infection in patients with multiple injuries. J Trauma 2009; 67:815-821
    • (2009) J Trauma , vol.67 , pp. 815-821
    • Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E.J.1    Bengmark, S.2    Kanellakopoulou, K.3
  • 91
    • 80155167220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics for disease prevention: A focus on ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Bayley JL, Yan Yeung S: Probiotics for disease prevention: A focus on ventilator-associated pneumonia. Ann Pharmacother 2011; 45:1425-1432
    • (2011) Ann Pharmacother , vol.45 , pp. 1425-1432
    • Bayley, J.L.1    Yan Yeung, S.2
  • 92
    • 34248588695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Lactobacillus GG supplementation on pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis: A pilot study
    • Bruzzese E, Raia V, Spagnuolo MI, et al: Effect of Lactobacillus GG supplementation on pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis: A pilot study. Clin Nutr 2007; 26:322-328
    • (2007) Clin Nutr , vol.26 , pp. 322-328
    • Bruzzese, E.1    Raia, V.2    Spagnuolo, M.I.3
  • 93
    • 79151474800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic lactobacilli interfere with Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in vitro
    • Söderling EM, Marttinen AM, Haukioja AL: Probiotic lactobacilli interfere with Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in vitro. Curr Microbiol 2011; 62:618-622
    • (2011) Curr Microbiol , vol.62 , pp. 618-622
    • Söderling, E.M.1    Marttinen, A.M.2    Haukioja, A.L.3
  • 94
    • 67149105596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus reuteri ingestion prevents hyperexcitability of colonic DRG neurons induced by noxious stimuli
    • Ma X, Mao YK, Wang B, et al: Lactobacillus reuteri ingestion prevents hyperexcitability of colonic DRG neurons induced by noxious stimuli. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 296:G868-G875
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.296
    • Ma, X.1    Mao, Y.K.2    Wang, B.3
  • 95
    • 33846100339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors
    • Rousseaux C, Thuru X, Gelot A, et al: Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors. Nat Med 2007; 13:35-37
    • (2007) Nat Med , vol.13 , pp. 35-37
    • Rousseaux, C.1    Thuru, X.2    Gelot, A.3
  • 96
    • 0034450738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The search for a better treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile disease: Use of high-dose vancomycin combined with Saccharomyces boulardii
    • Surawicz CM, McFarland LV, Greenberg RN, et al: The search for a better treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile disease: Use of high-dose vancomycin combined with Saccharomyces boulardii. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31:1012-1017
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.31 , pp. 1012-1017
    • Surawicz, C.M.1    McFarland, L.V.2    Greenberg, R.N.3
  • 97
    • 0037042674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: Meta-analysis
    • D'Souza AL, Rajkumar C, Cooke J, et al: Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: Meta-analysis. BMJ 2002; 324:1361
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324 , pp. 1361
    • D'Souza, A.L.1    Rajkumar, C.2    Cooke, J.3
  • 98
    • 33645455337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea and the treatment of Clostridium difficile disease
    • McFarland LV: Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea and the treatment of Clostridium difficile disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101:812-822
    • (2006) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.101 , pp. 812-822
    • McFarland, L.V.1
  • 99
    • 38649108836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a fermented milk combining Lactobacillus acidophilus Cl1285 and Lactobacillus casei in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Beausoleil M, Fortier N, Guenette S, et al. Effect of a fermented milk combining Lactobacillus acidophilus Cl1285 and Lactobacillus casei in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Can J Gastroenterol 2007; 21:732-736
    • (2007) Can J Gastroenterol , vol.21 , pp. 732-736
    • Beausoleil, M.1    Fortier, N.2    Guenette, S.3
  • 100
    • 0242677561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of Saccharomyces cerevisiae subtype boulardii fungemia in patients neighboring those treated with a probiotic preparation of the organism
    • Cassone M, Serra P, Mondello F, et al: Outbreak of Saccharomyces cerevisiae subtype boulardii fungemia in patients neighboring those treated with a probiotic preparation of the organism. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:5340-5343
    • (2003) J Clin Microbiol , vol.41 , pp. 5340-5343
    • Cassone, M.1    Serra, P.2    Mondello, F.3
  • 101
    • 19344376750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: An emerging infectious disease
    • Muñoz P, Bouza E, Cuenca-Estrella M, et al: Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: An emerging infectious disease. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:1625-1634
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.40 , pp. 1625-1634
    • Muñoz, P.1    Bouza, E.2    Cuenca-Estrella, M.3
  • 102
    • 0037443844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of probiotics that contain lactobacilli or bifidobacteria
    • Borriello SP, Hammes WP, Holzapfel W, et al: Safety of probiotics that contain lactobacilli or bifidobacteria. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36:775-780
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 775-780
    • Borriello, S.P.1    Hammes, W.P.2    Holzapfel, W.3
  • 103
    • 0242677561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of Saccharomyces cerevisiae subtype boulardii fungemia in patients neighboring those treated with a probiotic preparation of the organism
    • Cassone M, Serra P, Mondello F, et al. Outbreak of Saccharomyces cerevisiae subtype boulardii fungemia in patients neighboring those treated with a probiotic preparation of the organism. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:5340-5343
    • (2003) J Clin Microbiol , vol.41 , pp. 5340-5343
    • Cassone, M.1    Serra, P.2    Mondello, F.3
  • 104
    • 80054102456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics for prevention and treatment of diarrhea
    • Guandalini S: Probiotics for prevention and treatment of diarrhea. J Clin Gastroenterol 2011; 45(Suppl):S149-S153
    • (2011) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.45 , Issue.SUPPL
    • Guandalini, S.1
  • 105
    • 80054098741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for probiotic use-2011 update
    • Floch MH, Walker WA, Madsen K, et al: Recommendations for probiotic use-2011 update. J Clin Gastroenterol 2011; 45(Suppl):S168-S171
    • (2011) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.45 , Issue.SUPPL
    • Floch, M.H.1    Walker, W.A.2    Madsen, K.3
  • 106
    • 42149114549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoteichoic acid isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production in THP-1 cells and endotoxin shock in mice
    • Kim HG, Kim NR, Gim MG, et al: Lipoteichoic acid isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production in THP-1 cells and endotoxin shock in mice. J Immunol 2008; 180:2553-2561
    • (2008) J Immunol , vol.180 , pp. 2553-2561
    • Kim, H.G.1    Kim, N.R.2    Gim, M.G.3
  • 107
    • 33646080127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid II-based antimicrobial activity of the lantibiotic plantaricin C
    • Wiedemann I, Böttiger T, Bonelli RR et al: Lipid II-based antimicrobial activity of the lantibiotic plantaricin C. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:2809-2814
    • (2006) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.72 , pp. 2809-2814
    • Wiedemann, I.1    Böttiger, T.2    Bonelli, R.R.3
  • 108
    • 0035882219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mode of action, purification and amino acid sequence of plantaricin C19, an anti-Listeria bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum C19
    • Atrih A, Rekhif N, Moir AJ, et al: Mode of action, purification and amino acid sequence of plantaricin C19, an anti-Listeria bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum C19. Int J Food Microbiol 2001; 68:93-104
    • (2001) Int J Food Microbiol , vol.68 , pp. 93-104
    • Atrih, A.1    Rekhif, N.2    Moir, A.J.3
  • 109
    • 0032958362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenic E. coli adherence in vitro by inducing intestinal mucin gene expression
    • Mack DR, Michail S, Wei S, et al: Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenic E. coli adherence in vitro by inducing intestinal mucin gene expression. Am J Physiol 1999; 276(4 Pt 1):G941-G950
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.276 , Issue.4 PART 1
    • MacK, D.R.1    Michail, S.2    Wei, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.