메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 2747-2768

Performance of a multi-RCM ensemble for South Eastern South America

Author keywords

Multi RCM ensemble validation; Regional climate models; South America; South Eastern South America

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY CONDITION; CLIMATE MODELING; CLIMATOLOGY; ENSEMBLE FORECASTING; OROGRAPHIC EFFECT; PRECIPITATION INTENSITY; REGIONAL CLIMATE; SPATIAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 84869504447     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-012-1573-z     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (56)

References (107)
  • 1
    • 77951766975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of regional seasonal predictability using the PRECIS regional climate modeling system over South America
    • doi:10.1007/s00704-009-0165-2
    • Alves LM, Marengo J (2010) Assessment of regional seasonal predictability using the PRECIS regional climate modeling system over South America. Theor Appl Climatol 100: 337-350. doi: 10. 1007/s00704-009-0165-2.
    • (2010) Theor Appl Climatol , vol.100 , pp. 337-350
    • Alves, L.M.1    Marengo, J.2
  • 2
    • 0033929780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Springtime precipitation and water vapor flux over southeastern South America
    • Berbery E, Collini E (2000) Springtime precipitation and water vapor flux over southeastern South America. Mon Weather Rev 128: 1328-1346.
    • (2000) Mon Weather Rev , vol.128 , pp. 1328-1346
    • Berbery, E.1    Collini, E.2
  • 3
    • 0027008911 scopus 로고
    • The conversion of semi-Lagrangian advection schemes to quasi-monotone schemes
    • Bermejo R, Staniforth A (1992) The conversion of semi-Lagrangian advection schemes to quasi-monotone schemes. Mon Weather Rev 120(11): 2622-2632.
    • (1992) Mon Weather Rev , vol.120 , Issue.11 , pp. 2622-2632
    • Bermejo, R.1    Staniforth, A.2
  • 4
    • 0035515160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of the cloudiness associated with cumulus convection; evaluation using TOGA-COARE data
    • Bony S, Emanuel KA (2001) A parameterization of the cloudiness associated with cumulus convection; evaluation using TOGA-COARE data. J Atmos Sci 58(21): 3158-3183.
    • (2001) J Atmos Sci , vol.58 , Issue.21 , pp. 3158-3183
    • Bony, S.1    Emanuel, K.A.2
  • 6
    • 36248982658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heatwaves in Europe: areas of homogeneous variability and links with the regional to large-scale atmospheric and SSTs anomalies
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0274-5
    • Carril AF, Gualdi S, Cherchi A, Navarra A (2008) Heatwaves in Europe: areas of homogeneous variability and links with the regional to large-scale atmospheric and SSTs anomalies. Clim Dyn 30(1): 77-98. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-007-0274-5.
    • (2008) Clim Dyn , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-98
    • Carril, A.F.1    Gualdi, S.2    Cherchi, A.3    Navarra, A.4
  • 7
    • 0002701110 scopus 로고
    • Description of a meso-scale atmospheric numerical model
    • In: Diaz JI, Lions JL, (ISBN: 2-225-84297-3), Masson
    • Castro M, Fernandez C, Gaertner MA (1993) Description of a meso-scale atmospheric numerical model. In: Diaz JI, Lions JL (eds) Mathematics, climate and environment (ISBN: 2-225-84297-3), Masson, p 273.
    • (1993) Mathematics, Climate and Environment , pp. 273
    • Castro, M.1    Fernandez, C.2    Gaertner, M.A.3
  • 8
    • 1242298741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal variability of RCM simulations over an annual cycle
    • Caya D, Biner S (2004) Internal variability of RCM simulations over an annual cycle. Clim Dyn 22: 33-46.
    • (2004) Clim Dyn , vol.22 , pp. 33-46
    • Caya, D.1    Biner, S.2
  • 9
    • 85027956784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of regional climate change under the IPCC A2 scenario in southeast China
    • Chen W, Jiang Z, Li L, Yiou P (2011) Simulation of regional climate change under the IPCC A2 scenario in southeast China. Clim Dyn 36: 491-507.
    • (2011) Clim Dyn , vol.36 , pp. 491-507
    • Chen, W.1    Jiang, Z.2    Li, L.3    Yiou, P.4
  • 10
    • 80052525789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the coupled Eta/CPTEC/SSiB model over South America
    • doi: 10. 1029/2000JD000270
    • Chou SC, Tanajura CA, Xue Y, Nobre CA (2002) Validation of the coupled Eta/CPTEC/SSiB model over South America. J Geophys Res 107(D20). doi: 10. 1029/2000JD000270.
    • (2002) J Geophys Res , vol.107 , Issue.D20
    • Chou, S.C.1    Tanajura, C.A.2    Xue, Y.3    Nobre, C.A.4
  • 12
    • 0033368374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relaxation of soil variables in a regional climate model
    • Christensen OB (1999) Relaxation of soil variables in a regional climate model. Tellus 51A: 674-685.
    • (1999) Tellus , vol.51 A , pp. 674-685
    • Christensen, O.B.1
  • 13
    • 0031396156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of present-day regional climate simulations over Europe: LAM simulations with observed boundary conditions
    • Christensen JH, Machenhauer B, Jones RG, Schär C, Ruti PM et al (1997) Validation of present-day regional climate simulations over Europe: LAM simulations with observed boundary conditions. Clim Dyn 13: 489-506.
    • (1997) Clim Dyn , vol.13 , pp. 489-506
    • Christensen, J.H.1    Machenhauer, B.2    Jones, R.G.3    Schär, C.4    Ruti, P.M.5
  • 15
    • 33947268823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the performance and utility of regional climate models: the PRUDENCE project
    • doi:10.1007/s10584-006-9211-6
    • Christensen JH, Carter TR, Rummukainen M, Amanatidis G (2007b) Evaluating the performance and utility of regional climate models: the PRUDENCE project. Clim Change 81: 1-6. doi: 10. 1007/s10584-006-9211-6.
    • (2007) Clim Change , vol.81 , pp. 1-6
    • Christensen, J.H.1    Carter, T.R.2    Rummukainen, M.3    Amanatidis, G.4
  • 18
    • 67650422498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation diurnal cycle and summer climatology assessment over South America: an evaluation of Regional Climate Model version 3 simulations
    • doi:10.1029/2008JD010212
    • da Rocha RP, Morales CA, Cuadra SV, Ambrizzi T (2009) Precipitation diurnal cycle and summer climatology assessment over South America: an evaluation of Regional Climate Model version 3 simulations. J Geophys Res 114: D10108. doi: 10. 1029/2008JD010212.
    • (2009) J Geophys Res , vol.114
    • da Rocha, R.P.1    Morales, C.A.2    Cuadra, S.V.3    Ambrizzi, T.4
  • 19
    • 79955069663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of mesoscale convective systems in South America using multiple satellite products and an object-based approach
    • doi: 10. 1029/2010JD015157
    • Demaria EMC, Rodriguez DA, Ebert EE, Salio P, Su F, Valdes JB (2011) Evaluation of mesoscale convective systems in South America using multiple satellite products and an object-based approach. J Geophys Res 116: D08103. doi: 10. 1029/2010JD015157.
    • (2011) J Geophys Res , vol.116
    • Demaria, E.M.C.1    Rodriguez, D.A.2    Ebert, E.E.3    Salio, P.4    Su, F.5    Valdes, J.B.6
  • 21
    • 0000790008 scopus 로고
    • SECHIBA, a new set of parameterizations of the hydrologic exchanges at the land-atmosphere interface within the LMD atmospheric general circulation model
    • Ducoudre N, Laval K, Perrier A (1993) SECHIBA, a new set of parameterizations of the hydrologic exchanges at the land-atmosphere interface within the LMD atmospheric general circulation model. J Clim 6: 248-273.
    • (1993) J Clim , vol.6 , pp. 248-273
    • Ducoudre, N.1    Laval, K.2    Perrier, A.3
  • 23
    • 0026305596 scopus 로고
    • A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models
    • Emanuel KA (1993) A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models. J Atmos Sci 48: 2313-2335.
    • (1993) J Atmos Sci , vol.48 , pp. 2313-2335
    • Emanuel, K.A.1
  • 24
    • 33748178936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the summer circulation over South America by two regional climate models. Part I: mean climatology
    • doi:10.1007/s00704-005-0212-6
    • Fernandez JPR, Franchito SH, Rao VB (2006) Simulation of the summer circulation over South America by two regional climate models. Part I: mean climatology. Theor Appl Climatol 86: 247-260. doi: 10. 1007/s00704-005-0212-6.
    • (2006) Theor Appl Climatol , vol.86 , pp. 247-260
    • Fernandez, J.P.R.1    Franchito, S.H.2    Rao, V.B.3
  • 25
    • 0028848726 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the summer circulation over the South American region with an eta coordinate model
    • Figueroa S, Satyamurti P, Silva Dias PL (1995) Simulation of the summer circulation over the South American region with an eta coordinate model. J Atmos Sci 52: 1573-1584.
    • (1995) J Atmos Sci , vol.52 , pp. 1573-1584
    • Figueroa, S.1    Satyamurti, P.2    Silva Dias, P.L.3
  • 26
    • 20144372762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional climate model intercomparison project for Asia
    • Fu C et al (2005) Regional climate model intercomparison project for Asia. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 86: 257-266.
    • (2005) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.86 , pp. 257-266
    • Fu, C.1
  • 27
    • 33645838405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projected changes in mean and extreme precipitation over the Mediterranean region from a high resolution double nested RCM simulation
    • doi:10.1029/2005GL024954
    • Gao X, Pal JS, Giorgi F (2006) Projected changes in mean and extreme precipitation over the Mediterranean region from a high resolution double nested RCM simulation. Geophys Res Lett 33: L03706. doi: 10. 1029/2005GL024954.
    • (2006) Geophys Res Lett , vol.33
    • Gao, X.1    Pal, J.S.2    Giorgi, F.3
  • 28
    • 0021084925 scopus 로고
    • Some improvements and complements to the infrared emissivity algorithm including a parameterization of the absorption in the continuum region
    • Garand L (1983) Some improvements and complements to the infrared emissivity algorithm including a parameterization of the absorption in the continuum region. J Atmos Sci 40: 230-244.
    • (1983) J Atmos Sci , vol.40 , pp. 230-244
    • Garand, L.1
  • 30
    • 77956215461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing climate information needs at the regional level: the CORDEX framework
    • Giorgi F, Jones C, Asrar GR (2009) Addressing climate information needs at the regional level: the CORDEX framework. WMO Bull 58(3): 175-183.
    • (2009) WMO Bull , vol.58 , Issue.3 , pp. 175-183
    • Giorgi, F.1    Jones, C.2    Asrar, G.R.3
  • 31
    • 52949100605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Could a perfect model ever satisfy a naïve forecaster? On grid box mean versus point verification
    • Göber M, Zsótér E, Richardson DS (2008) Could a perfect model ever satisfy a naïve forecaster? On grid box mean versus point verification. Meteorol Appl 15: 359-365.
    • (2008) Meteorol Appl , vol.15 , pp. 359-365
    • Göber, M.1    Zsótér, E.2    Richardson, D.S.3
  • 32
    • 18544371178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rationale behind the success of multi-model ensembles in seasonal forecasting. I. Basic concept
    • Hagedorn R, Doblas-Reyes FJ, Palmer TN (2005) The rationale behind the success of multi-model ensembles in seasonal forecasting. I. Basic concept. Tellus A57: 219-233.
    • (2005) Tellus , vol.A57 , pp. 219-233
    • Hagedorn, R.1    Doblas-Reyes, F.J.2    Palmer, T.N.3
  • 33
    • 58149250231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A European daily high-resolution gridded data set of surface temperature and precipitation for 1950-2006
    • doi:10.1029/2008JD010201
    • Haylock MR, Hofstra N, Klein Tank AMG, Klok EJ, Jones PD, New M (2008) A European daily high-resolution gridded data set of surface temperature and precipitation for 1950-2006. J Geophys Res 113: D20119. doi: 10. 1029/2008JD010201.
    • (2008) J Geophys Res , vol.113
    • Haylock, M.R.1    Hofstra, N.2    Klein Tank, A.M.G.3    Klok, E.J.4    Jones, P.D.5    New, M.6
  • 34
    • 44449153737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ENSEMBLES project: providing ensemble-based predictions of climate changes and their impacts
    • Hewitt CD (2005) The ENSEMBLES project: providing ensemble-based predictions of climate changes and their impacts. EGGS Newsletter 13: 22-25.
    • (2005) EGGS Newsletter , vol.13 , pp. 22-25
    • Hewitt, C.D.1
  • 36
    • 0021489824 scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulation of frontogenesis in a moist atmosphere
    • Hsie EY, Anthes RA, Keyser D (1984) Numerical simulation of frontogenesis in a moist atmosphere. J Atmos Sci 41: 2581-2594.
    • (1984) J Atmos Sci , vol.41 , pp. 2581-2594
    • Hsie, E.Y.1    Anthes, R.A.2    Keyser, D.3
  • 37
    • 33947356755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The TRMM multi-satellite precipitation analysis: quasi-global, multi-year, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scale
    • Huffman GJ, Adler RF, Bolvin DT, Gu G, Nelkin EJ, Bowman KP, Stocker EF, Wolff DB (2007) The TRMM multi-satellite precipitation analysis: quasi-global, multi-year, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scale. J Hydrometeorol 8: 33-55.
    • (2007) J Hydrometeorol , vol.8 , pp. 33-55
    • Huffman, G.J.1    Adler, R.F.2    Bolvin, D.T.3    Gu, G.4    Nelkin, E.J.5    Bowman, K.P.6    Stocker, E.F.7    Wolff, D.B.8
  • 38
    • 0035533832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A note on the simulation of the annual and inter-annual variability of the water budget over the Baltic Sea drainage basin
    • Jacob D (2001) A note on the simulation of the annual and inter-annual variability of the water budget over the Baltic Sea drainage basin. Meteorol Atmos Phys 77: 61-73.
    • (2001) Meteorol Atmos Phys , vol.77 , pp. 61-73
    • Jacob, D.1
  • 40
    • 0001014123 scopus 로고
    • Convective parameterization for mesoscale models: the Kain-Fritsch scheme
    • K. A. Emanuell and D. J. Raymond (Eds.), Boston: American Meteorological Society
    • Kain J, Fritsch J (1993) Convective parameterization for mesoscale models: the Kain-Fritsch scheme. In: Emanuell KA, Raymond DJ (eds) The representation of cumulus convection in numerical models. American Meteorological Society, Boston, pp 165-170.
    • (1993) The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models , pp. 165-170
    • Kain, J.1    Fritsch, J.2
  • 41
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project
    • Kalnay E et al (1996) The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 77: 437-472.
    • (1996) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.77 , pp. 437-472
    • Kalnay, E.1
  • 42
    • 77957715280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using and designing GCM-RCM ensemble regional climate projections
    • Kendon EJ, Jones RG, Kjellström E, Murphy JM (2010) Using and designing GCM-RCM ensemble regional climate projections. J Clim 23: 6485-6503.
    • (2010) J Clim , vol.23 , pp. 6485-6503
    • Kendon, E.J.1    Jones, R.G.2    Kjellström, E.3    Murphy, J.M.4
  • 43
    • 79953018118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change projections over South America in the late 21st century with the 20 and 60 km mesh Meteorological Research Institute atmospheric general circulation model (MRI-AGCM)
    • doi:10.1029/2010JD014920
    • Kitoh A, Kusunoki S, Nakaegawa T (2011) Climate change projections over South America in the late 21st century with the 20 and 60 km mesh Meteorological Research Institute atmospheric general circulation model (MRI-AGCM). J Geophys Res 116: D06105. doi: 10. 1029/2010JD014920.
    • (2011) J Geophys Res , vol.116
    • Kitoh, A.1    Kusunoki, S.2    Nakaegawa, T.3
  • 47
    • 0031449308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global population of mesoscale convective complexes
    • Laing AG, Fritsch JM (1997) The global population of mesoscale convective complexes. Q J R Meteorol Soc 123: 389-405.
    • (1997) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.123 , pp. 389-405
    • Laing, A.G.1    Fritsch, J.M.2
  • 48
    • 0033117443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble atmospheric GCM simulation of climate interannual variability from 1979 to 1994
    • Li ZX (1999) Ensemble atmospheric GCM simulation of climate interannual variability from 1979 to 1994. J Clim 12: 986-1001.
    • (1999) J Clim , vol.12 , pp. 986-1001
    • Li, Z.X.1
  • 50
    • 71449109811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future change of temperature and precipitation extremes in South America as derived from the PRECIS regional climate modeling system
    • doi: 10. 1002/joc. 1863
    • Marengo JA, Jones R, Alvesa LM, Valverdea MC (2009) Future change of temperature and precipitation extremes in South America as derived from the PRECIS regional climate modeling system. Int J Climatol. doi: 10. 1002/joc. 1863.
    • (2009) Int J Climatol
    • Marengo, J.A.1    Jones, R.2    Alvesa, L.M.3    Valverdea, M.C.4
  • 51
    • 77349112201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An intercomparison of observed and simulated extreme rainfall and temperature events during the last half of the twentieth century: part 2: historical trends
    • doi:10.1007/s10584-009-9743-7
    • Marengo JA, Rusticucci M, Penalba O, Renom M (2010a) An intercomparison of observed and simulated extreme rainfall and temperature events during the last half of the twentieth century: part 2: historical trends. Clim Change 98: 509-529. doi: 10. 1007/s10584-009-9743-7.
    • (2010) Clim Change , vol.98 , pp. 509-529
    • Marengo, J.A.1    Rusticucci, M.2    Penalba, O.3    Renom, M.4
  • 52
    • 77958151038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future change of climate in South America in the late twenty-first century: Intercomparison of scenarios from three regional climate models
    • doi: 10. 1007/s00382-009-0721-6
    • Marengo JA, Ambrizzi T, da Rocha RP, Alves LM, Cuadra SV, Valverde MC, Torres RR, Santos DC, Ferraz SET (2010b) Future change of climate in South America in the late twenty-first century: intercomparison of scenarios from three regional climate models. Clim Dyn. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-009-0721-6.
    • (2010) Clim Dyn
    • Marengo, J.A.1    Ambrizzi, T.2    da Rocha, R.P.3    Alves, L.M.4    Cuadra, S.V.5    Valverde, M.C.6    Torres, R.R.7    Santos, D.C.8    Ferraz, S.E.T.9
  • 53
    • 84860343606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of regional future climate change scenarios in South America using the Eta CPTEC/HadCM3 climate change projections: Climatology and regional analyses for the Amazon, São Francisco and the Paraná River basins
    • doi: 10. 1007/s00382-011-1155-5
    • Marengo JA, Chou SC, Kay G, Alves LM, Pesquero JF, Soares WR, Santos DC, Lyra AA, Sueiro G, Betts R, Chagas DJ, Gomes JL, Bustamante JF, Tavares P (2011) Development of regional future climate change scenarios in South America using the Eta CPTEC/HadCM3 climate change projections: climatology and regional analyses for the Amazon, São Francisco and the Paraná River basins. Clim Dyn. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-011-1155-5.
    • (2011) Clim Dyn
    • Marengo, J.A.1    Chou, S.C.2    Kay, G.3    Alves, L.M.4    Pesquero, J.F.5    Soares, W.R.6    Santos, D.C.7    Lyra, A.A.8    Sueiro, G.9    Betts, R.10    Chagas, D.J.11    Gomes, J.L.12    Bustamante, J.F.13    Tavares, P.14
  • 56
    • 34248637873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of RSM-simulated precipitation during 317 CEOP
    • Meinke I, Roads J, Kanamitsu M (2007) Evaluation of RSM-simulated precipitation during 317 CEOP. J Meteorol Soc Jpn 85A: 145-166.
    • (2007) J Meteorol Soc Jpn , vol.85 A , pp. 145-166
    • Meinke, I.1    Roads, J.2    Kanamitsu, M.3
  • 57
    • 0000056068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of South American wintertime climate with a nesting system
    • Menéndez CG, Saulo AC, Li Z-X (2001) Simulation of South American wintertime climate with a nesting system. Clim Dyn 17: 219-231.
    • (2001) Clim Dyn , vol.17 , pp. 219-231
    • Menéndez, C.G.1    Saulo, A.C.2    Li, Z.-X.3
  • 59
    • 78649765437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CLARIS project: towards climate downscaling in South America
    • Participating CLARIS Modeling Groups, doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2010/0459
    • Menéndez CG, de Castro M, Sörensson AA, Boulanger J-P, Participating CLARIS Modeling Groups (2010b) CLARIS project: towards climate downscaling in South America. Meteorol Z 19: 357-362. doi: 10. 1127/0941-2948/2010/0459.
    • (2010) Meteorol Z , vol.19 , pp. 357-362
    • Menéndez, C.G.1    de Castro, M.2    Sörensson, A.A.3    Boulanger, J.-P.4
  • 60
    • 0042464528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic downscaling of seasonal simulations over South America
    • Misra V, Dirmeyer P, Kirtman B (2003) Dynamic downscaling of seasonal simulations over South America. J Clim 16: 103-117.
    • (2003) J Clim , vol.16 , pp. 103-117
    • Misra, V.1    Dirmeyer, P.2    Kirtman, B.3
  • 61
    • 0026292248 scopus 로고
    • Radiation and cloud radiative properties in the ECMWF operational weather forecast model
    • Morcrette J-J (1991) Radiation and cloud radiative properties in the ECMWF operational weather forecast model. J Geophys Res 96D: 9121-9132.
    • (1991) J Geophys Res , vol.96 D , pp. 9121-9132
    • Morcrette, J.-J.1
  • 62
    • 0001610095 scopus 로고
    • Pressure and temperature dependance of the absorption in longwave radiation parameterizations
    • Morcrette J-J, Smith L, Fourquart Y (1986) Pressure and temperature dependance of the absorption in longwave radiation parameterizations. Beitr Phys Atmos 59: 455-469.
    • (1986) Beitr Phys Atmos , vol.59 , pp. 455-469
    • Morcrette, J.-J.1    Smith, L.2    Fourquart, Y.3
  • 63
    • 0033102436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representing twentieth-century space time climate variability. Part I. Development of a 1961-1990 mean monthly terrestrial climatology
    • New MG, Hulme M, Jones PD (1999) Representing twentieth-century space time climate variability. Part I. Development of a 1961-1990 mean monthly terrestrial climatology. J Clim 12: 829-856.
    • (1999) J Clim , vol.12 , pp. 829-856
    • New, M.G.1    Hulme, M.2    Jones, P.D.3
  • 64
    • 0034233140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representing twentieth-century space time climate variability. Part II. Development of a 1901-1996 mean monthly terrestrial climatology
    • New MG, Hulme M, Jones PD (2000) Representing twentieth-century space time climate variability. Part II. Development of a 1901-1996 mean monthly terrestrial climatology. J Clim 13: 2217-2238.
    • (2000) J Clim , vol.13 , pp. 2217-2238
    • New, M.G.1    Hulme, M.2    Jones, P.D.3
  • 65
    • 36448951600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • January and July regional climate simulation over South America
    • doi: 10. 1029/2001JD000736
    • Nicolini M, Salio P, Katzfey J, McGregor JL, Saulo AC (2002) January and July regional climate simulation over South America. J Geophys Res 107(D20). doi: 10. 1029/2001JD000736.
    • (2002) J Geophys Res , vol.107 , Issue.D20
    • Nicolini, M.1    Salio, P.2    Katzfey, J.3    McGregor, J.L.4    Saulo, A.C.5
  • 66
    • 0004068626 scopus 로고
    • Extended versions of the convective parametrization scheme at ECMWF and their impact on the mean and transient activity of the model in the tropics
    • European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
    • Nordeng TE (1994) Extended versions of the convective parametrization scheme at ECMWF and their impact on the mean and transient activity of the model in the tropics. ECMWF technical Memorandum no 206. European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK, p 41.
    • (1994) ECMWF Technical Memorandum , vol.206 , pp. 41
    • Nordeng, T.E.1
  • 67
    • 67349168405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional climate change experiments over southern South America. II: climate change scenarios in the late twenty-first century
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-008-0449-8
    • Nuñez MN, Solman SA, Cabré MF (2009) Regional climate change experiments over southern South America. II: climate change scenarios in the late twenty-first century. Clim Dyn 32: 1081-1095. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-008-0449-8.
    • (2009) Clim Dyn , vol.32 , pp. 1081-1095
    • Nuñez, M.N.1    Solman, S.A.2    Cabré, M.F.3
  • 68
    • 2042527994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editorial to DSP/PROVOST special issue
    • Palmer TN, Shukla J (2000) Editorial to DSP/PROVOST special issue. Q J R Meteorol Soc 126: 1989-1990.
    • (2000) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.126 , pp. 1989-1990
    • Palmer, T.N.1    Shukla, J.2
  • 69
    • 70849095716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate downscaling over South America for 1961-1970 using Eta model
    • doi:10.1007/s00704-009-0123-z
    • Pesquero JF, Chou SC, Nobre CA, Marengo JA (2010) Climate downscaling over South America for 1961-1970 using Eta model. Theor Appl Climatol 99: 75-93. doi: 10. 1007/s00704-009-0123-z.
    • (2010) Theor Appl Climatol , vol.99 , pp. 75-93
    • Pesquero, J.F.1    Chou, S.C.2    Nobre, C.A.3    Marengo, J.A.4
  • 71
    • 1542607870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the CCM3 model climate using diagnosed and predicted condensate parameterizations
    • Rasch PJ, Kristjánsson JE (1998) A comparison of the CCM3 model climate using diagnosed and predicted condensate parameterizations. J Clim 11: 1587-1614.
    • (1998) J Clim , vol.11 , pp. 1587-1614
    • Rasch, P.J.1    Kristjánsson, J.E.2
  • 72
    • 0742270500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Research Institute/Applied Research Centers (IRI/ARCs) regional model intercomparison over South America
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD003201
    • Roads J, Chen S, Cocke S, Druyan L, Fulakeza M, LaRow T, Lonergan P, Qian J-H, Zebiak S (2003) International Research Institute/Applied Research Centers (IRI/ARCs) regional model intercomparison over South America. J Geophys Res 108(D14): 4425. doi: 10. 1029/2002JD003201.
    • (2003) J Geophys Res , vol.108 , Issue.D14 , pp. 4425
    • Roads, J.1    Chen, S.2    Cocke, S.3    Druyan, L.4    Fulakeza, M.5    LaRow, T.6    Lonergan, P.7    Qian, J.-H.8    Zebiak, S.9
  • 73
    • 58049133133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The performance of the regional climate model CLM in different climate regions, based on the example of precipitation
    • Rockel B, Geyer B (2008) The performance of the regional climate model CLM in different climate regions, based on the example of precipitation. Meteorol Z 12: 487-498.
    • (2008) Meteorol Z , vol.12 , pp. 487-498
    • Rockel, B.1    Geyer, B.2
  • 74
    • 0141682944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation and sensitivity in a nested modeling system for South America. Part II: GCM boundary forcing
    • Rojas M, Seth A (2003) Simulation and sensitivity in a nested modeling system for South America. Part II: GCM boundary forcing. J Clim 16: 2454-2471.
    • (2003) J Clim , vol.16 , pp. 2454-2471
    • Rojas, M.1    Seth, A.2
  • 75
    • 77956978040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State-of-the-art with regional climate models
    • doi:10.1002/wcc.008
    • Rummukainen M (2010) State-of-the-art with regional climate models. WIREs Clim Change 1: 82-96. doi: 10. 1002/wcc. 008.
    • (2010) WIREs Clim Change , vol.1 , pp. 82-96
    • Rummukainen, M.1
  • 76
    • 77149143185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An intercomparison of model-simulated in extreme rainfall and temperature events during the last half of the twentieth century. Part 1: mean values and variability
    • doi:10.1007/s10584-009-9742-8
    • Rusticucci M, Marengo J, Penalba O, Renom M (2010) An intercomparison of model-simulated in extreme rainfall and temperature events during the last half of the twentieth century. Part 1: mean values and variability. Clim Change 98: 493-508. doi: 10. 1007/s10584-009-9742-8.
    • (2010) Clim Change , vol.98 , pp. 493-508
    • Rusticucci, M.1    Marengo, J.2    Penalba, O.3    Renom, M.4
  • 80
    • 0025573145 scopus 로고
    • A fast radiation scheme for mesoscale model and short-range forecast models
    • Savijärvi H (1990) A fast radiation scheme for mesoscale model and short-range forecast models. J Appl Meteorol 29: 437-447.
    • (1990) J Appl Meteorol , vol.29 , pp. 437-447
    • Savijärvi, H.1
  • 81
    • 0033822304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical-midlatitude exchange of air masses during summer and winter in South America: climatic aspects and examples of intense events
    • Seluchi ME, Marengo JA (2000) Tropical-midlatitude exchange of air masses during summer and winter in South America: climatic aspects and examples of intense events. Int J Climatol 20: 1167-1190.
    • (2000) Int J Climatol , vol.20 , pp. 1167-1190
    • Seluchi, M.E.1    Marengo, J.A.2
  • 82
    • 0141459870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation and sensitivity in a nested modeling system for South America. Part I: reanalyses boundary forcing
    • Seth A, Rojas M (2003) Simulation and sensitivity in a nested modeling system for South America. Part I: reanalyses boundary forcing. J Clim 16: 2437-2453.
    • (2003) J Clim , vol.16 , pp. 2437-2453
    • Seth, A.1    Rojas, M.2
  • 83
    • 3042698504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily rainfall analysis for South America from a regional climate model and station observations
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL019220
    • Seth A, Rojas M, Liebmann B, Qian J-H (2004) Daily rainfall analysis for South America from a regional climate model and station observations. Geophys Res Lett 31: L07213. doi: 10. 1029/2003GL019220.
    • (2004) Geophys Res Lett , vol.31
    • Seth, A.1    Rojas, M.2    Liebmann, B.3    Qian, J.-H.4
  • 84
    • 33847095923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RegCM3 regional climatologies for South America using reanalysis and ECHAM global model driving fields
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-006-0191-z
    • Seth A, Rauscher SA, Camargo SJ, Qian J-H, Pal JS (2007) RegCM3 regional climatologies for South America using reanalysis and ECHAM global model driving fields. Clim Dyn 28: 461-480. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-006-0191-z.
    • (2007) Clim Dyn , vol.28 , pp. 461-480
    • Seth, A.1    Rauscher, S.A.2    Camargo, S.J.3    Qian, J.-H.4    Pal, J.S.5
  • 85
    • 33748939931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intense rainfall events affecting the La Plata basin
    • Silva VBS, Berbery EH (2006) Intense rainfall events affecting the La Plata basin. J Hydrometeorol 7: 769-787.
    • (2006) J Hydrometeorol , vol.7 , pp. 769-787
    • Silva, V.B.S.1    Berbery, E.H.2
  • 86
    • 62749181804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the WCRP-CMIP3 model simulations in the La Plata basin
    • doi:10.1002/met.98
    • Silvestri G, Vera C (2008) Evaluation of the WCRP-CMIP3 model simulations in the La Plata basin. Meteorol Appl 15: 497-502. doi: 10. 1002/met. 98.
    • (2008) Meteorol Appl , vol.15 , pp. 497-502
    • Silvestri, G.1    Vera, C.2
  • 87
    • 60349092031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high-resolution 43-year atmospheric hindcast for South America generated with the MPI regional model
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-008-0423-5
    • Silvestri G, Vera C, Jacob D, Pfeifer S, Teichmann C (2009) A high-resolution 43-year atmospheric hindcast for South America generated with the MPI regional model. Clim Dyn 32: 693-709. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-008-0423-5.
    • (2009) Clim Dyn , vol.32 , pp. 693-709
    • Silvestri, G.1    Vera, C.2    Jacob, D.3    Pfeifer, S.4    Teichmann, C.5
  • 88
    • 84855292284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional climate simulations over South America: sensitivity to model physics and to the treatment of lateral boundary conditions using the MM5 model
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1049-6
    • Solman SA, Pessacg NL (2011) Regional climate simulations over South America: sensitivity to model physics and to the treatment of lateral boundary conditions using the MM5 model. Clim Dyn. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-011-1049-6.
    • (2011) Clim Dyn
    • Solman, S.A.1    Pessacg, N.L.2
  • 89
    • 39449121108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional climate change experiments over southern South America. I: present climate
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0304-3
    • Solman SA, Nuñez MN, Cabré MF (2008) Regional climate change experiments over southern South America. I: present climate. Clim Dyn 30: 533-552. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-007-0304-3.
    • (2008) Clim Dyn , vol.30 , pp. 533-552
    • Solman, S.A.1    Nuñez, M.N.2    Cabré, M.F.3
  • 90
    • 78650126991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summer soil-precipitation coupling in South America
    • Sörensson AA, Menéndez CG (2011) Summer soil-precipitation coupling in South America. Tellus 63A: 56-68.
    • (2011) Tellus , vol.63 A , pp. 56-68
    • Sörensson, A.A.1    Menéndez, C.G.2
  • 91
    • 78649771421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projected precipitation changes in South America: a dynamical downscaling within CLARIS
    • doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2010/0467
    • Sörensson AA, Menéndez CG, Ruscica R, Alexander P, Samuelsson P, Willén U (2010) Projected precipitation changes in South America: a dynamical downscaling within CLARIS. Meteorol Z 19: 347-355. doi: 10. 1127/0941-2948/2010/0467.
    • (2010) Meteorol Z , vol.19 , pp. 347-355
    • Sörensson, A.A.1    Menéndez, C.G.2    Ruscica, R.3    Alexander, P.4    Samuelsson, P.5    Willén, U.6
  • 92
    • 0000860550 scopus 로고
    • Radiation profiles in extended water clouds: II. Parameterization schemes
    • Stephens GL (1978) Radiation profiles in extended water clouds: II. Parameterization schemes. J Atmos Sci 35: 2123-2132.
    • (1978) J Atmos Sci , vol.35 , pp. 2123-2132
    • Stephens, G.L.1
  • 93
    • 84987142855 scopus 로고
    • A parameterization scheme for non-convective condensation including precipitation including prediction of cloud water content
    • Sundquist H (1978) A parameterization scheme for non-convective condensation including precipitation including prediction of cloud water content. Q J R Meteorol Soc 104: 677-690.
    • (1978) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.104 , pp. 677-690
    • Sundquist, H.1
  • 94
    • 0034962651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram
    • Taylor KE (2001) Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram. J Geophys Res 106: 7183-7192.
    • (2001) J Geophys Res , vol.106 , pp. 7183-7192
    • Taylor, K.E.1
  • 95
    • 80555134711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Southeastern South American daily gridded dataset of observed surface minimum and maximum temperature for 1961-2000
    • Tencer B, Rusticucci M, Jones P, Lister D (2011) A Southeastern South American daily gridded dataset of observed surface minimum and maximum temperature for 1961-2000. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 92: 1339-1346.
    • (2011) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.92 , pp. 1339-1346
    • Tencer, B.1    Rusticucci, M.2    Jones, P.3    Lister, D.4
  • 96
    • 0024907516 scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large scale models
    • Tiedtke M (1989) A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large scale models. Mon Weather Rev 117: 1779-1800.
    • (1989) Mon Weather Rev , vol.117 , pp. 1779-1800
    • Tiedtke, M.1
  • 98
    • 27144554835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ERA-40 re-analysis
    • doi:10.1256/qj.04.176
    • Uppala SM et al (2005) The ERA-40 re-analysis. Q J R Meteorol Soc 131: 2961-3012. doi: 10. 1256/qj. 04. 176.
    • (2005) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.131 , pp. 2961-3012
    • Uppala, S.M.1
  • 99
    • 0023471705 scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale convective complexes in the Americas
    • Velasco I, Fritsch JM (1987) Mesoscale convective complexes in the Americas. J Geophys Res 92(D8): 9591-9613.
    • (1987) J Geophys Res , vol.92 , Issue.D8 , pp. 9591-9613
    • Velasco, I.1    Fritsch, J.M.2
  • 100
    • 67349227405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation interannual variability in South America from the WCRP-CMIP3 multi-model dataset
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0534-7
    • Vera C, Silvestri G (2009) Precipitation interannual variability in South America from the WCRP-CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Clim Dyn 32: 1003-1014. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-009-0534-7.
    • (2009) Clim Dyn , vol.32 , pp. 1003-1014
    • Vera, C.1    Silvestri, G.2
  • 101
    • 33845683722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change scenarios for seasonal precipitation in South America from IPCC-AR4 models
    • doi:10.1029/2006GL025759
    • Vera C, Silvestri G, Liebmann B, González P (2006) Climate change scenarios for seasonal precipitation in South America from IPCC-AR4 models. Geophys Res Lett 33: L13707. doi: 10. 1029/2006GL025759.
    • (2006) Geophys Res Lett , vol.33
    • Vera, C.1    Silvestri, G.2    Liebmann, B.3    González, P.4
  • 102
    • 0141676085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-level jets and their effects on the South American summer climate as simulated by the NCEP ETA model
    • Vernekar AD, Kirtman BP, Fennessy MJ (2003) Low-level jets and their effects on the South American summer climate as simulated by the NCEP ETA model. J Clim 16: 297-311.
    • (2003) J Clim , vol.16 , pp. 297-311
    • Vernekar, A.D.1    Kirtman, B.P.2    Fennessy, M.J.3
  • 103
    • 1842638675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of cross-Andes flow on the South American low-level jet
    • Wang H, Fu R (2004) Influence of cross-Andes flow on the South American low-level jet. J Clim 17: 1247-1262.
    • (2004) J Clim , vol.17 , pp. 1247-1262
    • Wang, H.1    Fu, R.2
  • 104
    • 0031403103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global precipitation: a 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs
    • Xie P, Arkin PA (1997) Global precipitation: a 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 78: 2539-2558.
    • (1997) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.78 , pp. 2539-2558
    • Xie, P.1    Arkin, P.A.2
  • 107
    • 78650545830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • East China Summer rainfall variability of 1958-2000: dynamical downscaling with a variable-resolution AGCM
    • Zou LW, Zhou TJ, Li L, Zhang J (2010) East China Summer rainfall variability of 1958-2000: dynamical downscaling with a variable-resolution AGCM. J Clim 23: 6394-6408.
    • (2010) J Clim , vol.23 , pp. 6394-6408
    • Zou, L.W.1    Zhou, T.J.2    Li, L.3    Zhang, J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.