Validation of present-day regional climate simulations over Europe: LAM simulations with observed boundary conditions

Climate Dynamics

Volumn 13, Issue 7-8, 1997, Pages 489-506

  Christensen, J H ^a   Machenhauer, B ^b   Jones, R G ^c   Schar C ^d   Ruti, P M ^e,h   Castro, M ^f   Visconti, G ^g  

^a DANISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Denmark)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR METEOROLOGY   (Germany)

^c Hadley Centre   (United Kingdom)

^d ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^e Reg Meteorol Serv Emilia R   (Italy)

^f UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

^g UNIVERSITY OF L'AQUILA   (Italy)

^h ENEA C R CASACCIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GCM; LIMITED-AREA MODEL;

EUROPE;

EID: 0031396156     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s003820050178     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Anthes RA (1977) A cumulus parametrization scheme utilizing a one-dimensional cloud model. Mon Weather Rev 105:270-286
2. Anthes RA, Hsie E-Y, Kuo Y-H (1987) Description of the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model version 4 (MM4). NCAR Techni Note 282 + STR
3. Bergthorsson P, Doos B (1955) Numerical weather map analysis. Tellus 7:329-340
4. Betts AK (1986) A new convective adjustment scheme Part I: observational and theoretical basis. Q J R Meteorol Soc 112:667-691
5. Black TL (1988) The steep mountain ETA co-ordinate regional model: a documentation. NOAA/NWS/NMC
6. Blackadar AK (1962) The vertical distribution of wind and turbulent exchange in a neutral atmosphere. J Geophys Res 67:3095-3102
7. Brinkop S, Roeckner E (1995) Sensitivity of a general circulation model to parametrizations of cloud-turbulence interactions in the atmospheric boundary layer. Tellus 47A:197-220
8. Brown J, Campana K (1978) An economical time-differencing system for numerical weather prediction. Mon Weather Rev 106:1125-1136
9. Burridge DM, Haseler J (1977) A model for medium range weather forecasting, adiabatic formulation. ECMWF Tech Rep 4:46pp
10. Christensen JH, Christensen OB, Lopez P, van Meijgaard E, Botzet M (1996) The HIRHAM4 regional atmospheric climate model. DMI Sci Rep 96-4, 51pp (Available from DMI, Lyngbyvej 100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark)
11. Christensen OB, Christensen JH, Botzet M (1997) Very-high-resolution regional climate simulations over Scandinavia. Control experiment. J Clim (submitted)
12. Claussen M, Lohmann U, Roeckner E, Schulzweida U (1994) A global data set of land surface parameters. MPIM Rep No. 135
13. Davies HC (1976) A lateral boundary formulation for multilevel prediction models. Q J R Meteorol Soc 102:405-418
14. Dümenil L, Todini E (1992) A rainfall-runoff scheme for use in the Hamburg climate model In: O'Kane J (ed) Advances in theoretical hydrological hydrology, A tribute to James Dooge vol. 1, European Geophysical Society Series of Hydrological Sciences, 129-157. Elsevier, Amsterdam
15. Dickinson RE, Henderson-Sellers A, Kennedy PJ, Wilson MF (1986) Biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS) for the NCAR community climate model. NCAR Techn Note, December 1986
16. Dickinson RE, Errico RM, Giorgi F, Bates GT (1989) A regional climate model for the western United States. Climatic change, 15:383-422
17. Dorland R van, Morcrette J-J (1997) A comparison of spectroscopic compilations using long-wave radiation models. J Geophys Res (submitted)
18. Eickerling H (1989) Parametrisierung des infraroten Strahlungstransports für Kohlendiozid, Wasserdampf und Ozon in einem breitbandigen Stralungsmodell, Diplomarbeit Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik, Universität Köln, Germany
19. Fritsch JM, Chappell CF (1980) Numerical prediction of convectively driven meso-scale pressure systems. Part I: convective parametrization. J Atmos Sci, 37:1722-1733
20. Giorgetta M, Wild M (1996) The water vapour continuum and its representation in ECHA M4. MPIM Rep 162
21. Giorgi F (1990) Simulation of regional climate using a limited area model nested in a general circulation model. J Clim 3:941-963
22. Giorgi F, Marinucci MR, and Bates GT (1993) Development of a second generation regional climate model. II Convective processes and assimilation of lateral boundary conditions. Mon Weather Rev 120:2814-2832
23. Gregory D, Rowntree PR (1990) A mass flux convection scheme with representation of cloud ensemble characteristics and stability dependent closure. Mon Weather Rev 118:1483-1506
24. Hense A, Kerschgens M, Raschke E (1982) An economical method for computing radiative transfer in circulation models. QJR Meteorol Soc 108:231-252
25. Holtslag AAM, Boville BA (1993) Local versus nonlocal boundary-layer diffusion in a global climate model. J Clim 6:1825-1842
26. Hsie E-Y et al. (1984) Numerical simulation of frontogenesis in a moist atmosphere. J Atmos Sci 41:2581-2594
27. Jacobsen I, Heise E (1982) A new economic method for computation of the surface temperature in numerical models. Beitr Phys Atmos 55:128-141
28. Janjic J (1984) Non linear advection schemes and energy cascade on same staggered grid. Mon Weather Rev 112:1234-1245
29. Jones RG, Murphy JM, Noguer M (1995) Simulation of climate change over Europe using a nested regional climate model. Part I. Assessment of control climate including sensitivity to location of lateral boundaries. QJR Meteorol Soc 121:1413-1449
30. Jones RG, Murphy JM, Noguer M, Keen AB (1997) Simulation of climate change over Europe using a nested regional climate model. Part II. Comparison of driving and regional model responses to a doubling of carbon dioxide concentration. QJR Meteorol Soc 123:265-292
31. Källén E (ed) (1996) HIRLAM documentation manual, system 2.5; (Available from SMHI, S-60176 Norrköping, Sweden)
32. Louis JF (1979) A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere. Bound-Layer Meteoro 17:187-202
33. Louis JF, Tiedtke M, Geleyn JF (1982) A short history of the PBL parametrizations at ECMWF. Proc ECMWF Workshop on Boundary-Layer Parametrization, p 59-79, ECMWF, Reading
34. Lüthi D, Cress A, Davies HC, Frei C, Schär C (1996) Interannual variability and regional climate simulations. Theor Appl Climatol 53:185-209
35. Machenhauer B, Windelband M, Botzet M, Jones RG, Déqué M (1996) Validation of present-day regional climate simulations over Europe: nested LAM and variable resolution global model simulations with observed mixed layer ocean boundary conditions. MPIM Rep 191
36. Majewski D (1991) The EUROPA-model of the Deutscher Wetterdienst. Proc ECMWF Seminar on Numerical Methods in Atmospheric Models. ECMWF, Reading UK
37. Mellor GL, Yamada T (1974) A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary boundary layers. J Atmos Sci 31:1791-1806
38. Miller MJ, Palmer TN, Swinbank R (1989) Parametrization and influence of sub-grid scale orography in general circulation and numerical weather prediction models. Meteorol Atmos Phys 40:84-109
39. Morcrette J-J (1989) Description of the radiation scheme in the ECMWF model. Techn Memo 165: ECMWF, Reading
40. Müller E (1982) Turbulent flux parametrization in a regional-scale model. ECMWF Workshop on planetary boundary layer parametrization pp 193-220
41. Noguer M (1996) Application of a regional climate model over Europe: analysis of the effect of the systematic errors in the boundary conditions (in Spanish). Phd Thesis, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
42. Nordeng TE (1994) Extended versions of the convective parametrization scheme at ECMWF and their impact on the mean and transient activity of the model in the tropics. Tech Memo 206
43. Palmer TN, Shutts GJ, Swinbank R (1986) Alleviation of a systematic westerly bias in general circulation and numerical weather prediction models through an orographic gravity wave drag parametrization. Q J R Meteorol Soc. 112:1001-1039
44. Ritter B, Geleyn JF (1992) A comprehensive radiation scheme for numerical weather prediction with potential applications in climate simulations. Mon Weather Rev 109:758-766
45. Robinson PJ, Finkelstein PL (1991) The development of impact oriented climate scenarios. Bull Am Meterial Soc 72:481-490
46. Rockel B, Zhao B, Raschke E (1986) A flexible radiative transfer routine for GCMs: infrared part. In: G.J. Boer (ed) Research Activities in atmospheric and oceanic modelling. World Meteorological Organization: CAS/JSC WGNE 9:4.62-4.65
47. Roeckner E, Rieland M, Keup E (1991) Modelling of cloud and radiation in the ECHAM model. In: ECMWF/WCRP Workshop on clouds, radiative transfer and the hydrological cycle, 12-15 November 1990, pp. 199-222, ECMWF, Reading
48. Roeckner E, Arpe K, Bengtsson L, Christoph M, Claussen M, Dümenil L, Esch M, Giorgetta M, Schlese U Schulzweida U (1996) The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM4: model description and simulation of present-day climate: MPIM Rep no. 218
49. Sass BH, Christensen JH (1995) A simple framework for testing the quality of atmospheric limited-area models. Mon Weather Rev 123:444-459
50. Slingo A (ed) (1985) Handbook of the Meteorological Office 11-layer atmospheric general circulation model. Volume 1: model description, Meteorological Office 20 DCTN 29
51. Slingo A (1989) A GCM parametrization for the short wave radiative properties of water clouds: J Atmos Sci 46:1419-27
52. Slingo A, Wilderspin RC (1986) Development of a revised long-wave radiation scheme for an atmospheric general circulation model. Q J R Meteorol Soc 112:371-386
53. Smith RNB (1990) A scheme for predicting layer clouds and their water content in a general circulation model. Q J R Meteorol Soc 116:435-460
54. Stephens GL (1978) Radiation profiles in extended water clouds. II: parametrization schemes. J Atmos Sci 35:2123-2132
55. Sundqvist H (1978) A parameterization scheme for non-convective condensation including prediction of cloud water content. Q J R Meteorol Soc 104:677-690
56. Tiedtke M (1989) A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parametrization in large-scale model. Mon Weather Rev 117:1779-1800
57. Wild M Dümenil L, Schultz J-P (1995a) High resolution GCM simulations over Europe: surface processes. MPIM Rep 176
58. Wild M, Ohmura A, Gilgen H (1995b) Validation of general circulation model radiative fluxes using surface observations. J Clim 8:1309-1324
59. Wild M, Ohmura A, Gilgen H, Roeckner E (1995c) Regional climate simulations with a high resolution GCM: surface radiative fluxes. Clim Dyn 11:469-486
60. Windelband M, Machenhauer B, Botzet M (1995) Investigation of a warm and dry summer in a simulation with a regional climate model. Final Report of the EC Regionalization Project. Annex 1 to the MPIM contribution, 7 pp. (Available from MPIM)