Ensemble atmospheric GCM simulation of climate interannual variability from 1979 to 1994

Journal of Climate

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 986-1001

  Li, Zhao Xin ^a  

^a ECOLE NORMALE SUPÉRIEURE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; GLOBAL WARMING; WEATHER FORECASTING;

CLIMATE INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EL NINO PHENOMENON; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL;

CLIMATOLOGY;

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; CLIMATE CHANGE; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL;

EID: 0033117443     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<0986:EAGSOC>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Barnett, T. P., 1995: Monte Carlo climate forecasting. J. Climate, 8, 1005-1022.
2. Barnston, A. G., and R. E. Livezey, 1987: Classification, seasonality and persistence of low-frequency atmospheric circulation patterns. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1083-1126.
3. Bjerknes, J., 1969: Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 97, 162-172.
4. Bretherton, C. S., C. Smith, and J. M. Wallace, 1992: An intercomparison of methods for finding coupled patterns in climate data. J. Climate, 5, 541-560.
5. Chen, W. Y., 1982: Fluctuations in Northern Hemisphere 700-mb height field associated with the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 808-823.
6. Cheng, X., G. Nitsche, and J. M. Wallace, 1995: Robustness of low-frequency circulation patterns derived from EOF and rotated EOF analyses. J. Climate, 8, 1709-1713.
7. Cherry, S., 1996: Singular value decomposition analysis and canonical correlation analysis. J. Climate, 9, 2003-2009.
8. Davis, R. E., 1976: Predictability of sea surface temperature and sea level pressure anomalies over the North Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 249-266.
9. Deser, C., and M. L. Blackmon, 1995: On the relationship between tropical and North Pacific sea surface temperature variations. J. Climate, 8, 1677-1680.
10. Fouquart, Y., and B. Bonnel, 1980: Computations of solar heating of the earth's atmosphere: A new parameterization. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 53, 35-62.
11. Gates, W. L., 1992: AMIP: The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1962-1970.
12. Gill, A. E., 1980: Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 447-462.
13. Hack, J. J., 1994: Parameterization of moist convection in the National Center for Atmospheric Research community climate model (CCM2). J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5551-5568.
14. Harzallah, A., and R. Sadourny, 1995: Internal versus SST-forced atmospheric variability as simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model. J. Climate, 8, 474-495.
15. Horel, J. D., and J. M. Wallace, 1981: Planetary-scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 813-829.
16. Hoskins, B. J., and D. J. Karoly, 1981: The steady linear response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1179-1196.
17. Karoly, D. J., 1989: Southern Hemisphere circulation features associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation events. J. Climate, 2, 1239-1252.
18. Kitoh, A., 1991: Interannual variation in an atmospheric GCM forced by the 1970-89 SST. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 69, 251-269.
19. Kleeman, R., B. J. McAvaney, and R. C. Balgovind, 1994: Analysis of the interannual heat flux response in an atmospheric general circulation model in the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 99D, 5536-5550.
20. Kuo, H. L., 1965: On formation and intensification of tropical cyclones through latent heat release by cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 1482-1497.
21. Latif, M., J. Biercamp, H. von Storch, M. J. McPhaden, and E. Kirk, 1990: Simulation of ENSO related surface wind anomalies with an atmospheric GCM forced by observed SST. J. Climate, 3, 509-521.
22. Lau, N. C., 1985: Modeling the seasonal dependence of the atmospheric response to observed El Niños for 1962-76. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1970-1996.
23. _, and M. J. Nath, 1994: A modeling study of the relative roles of tropical and extratropical SST anomalies in the variability of the global atmosphere-ocean system. J. Climate, 7, 1184-1207.
24. _, and _, 1996: The role of the "atmospheric bridge" in linking tropical Pacific ENSO events to extratropical SST anomalies. J. Climate, 9, 2036-2057.
25. Le Treut, H., and Z.-X. Li, 1991: Sensitivity of an atmospheric general circulation model to prescribed SST changes: Feedback effects associated with the simulation of cloud optical properties. Climate Dyn., 5, 175-187.
26. Manabe, S., J. Smagorinsky, and R. F. Strickler, 1965: Simulated climatology of a general circulation model with a hydrologic cycle. Mon. Wea. Rev., 93, 769-798.
27. Morcrette, J.-J., 1991: Radiation and cloud radiative properties in the ECMWF operational weather forecast model. J. Geophys. Res., 96D, 9121-9132.
28. Newman, M., and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 1995: A caveat concerning singular value decomposition. J. Climate, 8, 352-360.
29. Press, W. H., S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling, and B. P. Flannery, 1992: Statistical description of data. Numerical Recipes in Fortran: The Art of Scientific Computing. 2d ed. Cambridge University Press, 603-649.
30. Rasmusson, E. M., and K. Mo, 1993: Linkages between 200-mb tropical and extratropical circulation anomalies during the 1986-1989 ENSO cycle. J. Climate, 6, 595-616.
31. Reynolds, R. W., 1988: A real-time global sea surface temperature analysis. J. Climate, 1, 75-86.
32. Richman, M. B., 1986: Rotation of principal components. J. Climatol., 6, 293-335.
33. Sadourny, R., and K. Laval, 1984: January and July performance of the LMD general circulation model. New Perspectives in Climate Modelling, A. Berger and C. Nicolis, Eds., Elsevier, 173-198.
34. Simmons, A. J., J. M. Wallace, and G. Branstator, 1983: Barotropic wave propagation and instability, and atmospheric teleconnection patterns. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1363-1392.
35. Stephenson, D. B., and J.-F. Royer, 1995: GCM simulation of the Southern Oscillation from 1979-88. Climate Dyn., 11, 115-128.
36. Stern, W., and K. Miyakoda, 1995: Feasibility of seasonal forecasts inferred from multiple GCM simulations. J. Climate, 8, 1071-1085.
37. Tiedtke, M., 1989: A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1779-1800.
38. Trenberth, K. E., 1984: Signal versus noise in the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 326-332.
39. Tyrrell, G. C., D. Karoly, and J. L. McBride, 1996: Links between tropical convection and variations of the extratropical circulation during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2735-2748.
40. Walker, G. T., and E. W. Bliss, 1932: World weather V. Mem. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 4, 53-84.
41. Wallace, J. M., and D. S. Gutzler, 1981: Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 784-812.
42. _, C. Smith, and C. S. Bretherton, 1992: Singular value decomposition of wintertime sea surface temperature and 500-mb height anomalies. J. Climate, 5, 561-576.
43. Wang, X. L., and H. L. Rui, 1996: A methodology for assessing ensemble experiments. J. Geophys. Res., 101D, 29591-29597.
44. Zhang, Y., J. M. Wallace, and N. Iwasaka, 1996: Is climate variability over the North Pacific a linear response to ENSO? J. Climate, 9, 1468-1478.
45. Zwiers, F. W., 1996: Interannual variability and predictability in an ensemble of AMIP climate simulations conducted with the CCC GCM2. Climate Dyn., 12, 825-847.