The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks and on broiler carcases, and the risks associated with highly contaminated carcases

Epidemiology and Infection

Volumn 140, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 2233-2246

  Powell, L F ^a   Lawes, J R ^a   Clifton Hadley, F A ^a   Rodgers, J ^a   Harris, K ^a   Evans, S J ^a  

^a VETERINARY LABORATORIES AGENCY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Broiler; Campylobacter; carcase; contamination; risk factors

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL LOAD; BACTERIUM CONTAMINATION; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BACTERIUM DETECTION; BROILER; CAMPYLOBACTER; CAMPYLOBACTER COLI; CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI; CARCASS; CECUM; CONTROLLED STUDY; MORTALITY; NECK; NONHUMAN; POULTRY; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SLAUGHTERHOUSE; SPECIES DIFFERENTIATION; SUMMER; UNITED KINGDOM;

ABATTOIRS; ANIMALS; CAMPYLOBACTER COLI; CAMPYLOBACTER INFECTIONS; CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI; CECUM; CHICKENS; FOOD MICROBIOLOGY; GREAT BRITAIN; ODDS RATIO; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; SEASONS; SKIN;

EID: 84869428467     PISSN: 09502688     EISSN: 14694409     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268812000040     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. Task Force on Zoonoses Data Collection. Report of the Task Force on Zoonoses Data Collection on the Analysis of the baseline study on the prevalence of Salmonella in holdings of laying hen flocks of Gallus gallus. EFSA Journal 2007, 97.
2. Task Force on Zoonoses Data Collection. Report of the Task Force on Zoonoses Data Collection on the Analysis of the baseline survey on the prevalence of Salmonella in broiler flocks of Gallus gallus, Part A. EFSA Journal 2007, 98.
3. Tam CC, et al. On behalf of the IID2 Study Executive Committee. Longitudinal study of infectious intestinal disease in the UK (IID2 study) : incidence in the community and presenting to general practice. Gut. Published online : 5 July 2011. doi:10.1136/gut. 2011.238386.
4. Bronzwaer S, et al. EFSA's 12th Scientific Colloquium - assessing health benefits of controlling Campylobacter in the food chain. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2009; 131: 284-285.
5. Roberts JA, et al. The study of infectious intestinal disease in England: socio-economic impact. Epidemiology and Infection 2003; 130: 1-11. (Pubitemid 36231218)
6. EFSA. European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; The European Union Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Food-borne Outbreaks in 2009. EFSA Journal 2011; 9: 2090 (www. efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal). Accessed 5 April 2011.
7. Health Protection Agency. Campylobacter spp. : Laboratory reports of Campylobacter cases reported to the Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections England and Wales, 1989-2010. (http://www.hpa. org.uk/Topics/ InfectiousDiseases/InfectionsAZ/ Campylobacter/EpidemiologicalData/campyDataEw/) . Accessed 30 August 2011.
8. Wheeler JG, et al. Study of infectious intestinal disease in England: rates in the community, presenting to general practice, and reported to national surveillance. The Infectious Intestinal Disease Study Executive. British Medical Journal 1999; 318: 1046-1050. (Pubitemid 29191897)
9. Pires SM, et al. Using outbreak data for source attribution of human salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis in Europe. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 2010; 7: 1351-1361.
10. Rodrigues LC, et al. The study of infectious intestinal disease in England: risk factors for cases of infectious intestinal disease with Campylobacter jejuni infection. Epidemiology and Infection 2001; 127: 185-93. (Pubitemid 33019529)
11. Wingstrand A, et al. Fresh chicken as main risk factor for campylobacteriosis, Denmark. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2006; 12: 280-285.
12. Ellis-Iversen J, et al. Risk factors for Campylobacter colonisation during rearing of broiler flocks in Great Britain. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2009; 89: 178-184.
13. McDowell SW, et al. Campylobacter spp. in conventional broiler flocks in Northern Ireland. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2008; 84: 261-276.
14. Evans SJ, Sayers AR. A longitudinal study of Campylobacter infection of broiler flocks in Great Britain. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2000; 46: 209-223. (Pubitemid 30597342)
15. Food Standards Agency. FSA report for the UK survey of Campylobacter and Salmonella contamination of fresh chicken at retail sale. FSA Project B18025 (http:// www.foodbase.org.uk/admintools/reportdocuments/ 351-1-676-B18025.pdf). Accessed 7 January 2011.
16. Moran L, Scates P, Madden RH. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in raw retail poultry on sale in Northern Ireland. Journal of Food Protection 2009; 72: 1830-35.
17. Rosenquist H, et al. Quantitative risk assessment of human campylobacteriosis associated with thermophilic Campylobacter species in chickens. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2003; 83: 87-103. (Pubitemid 36379126)
18. Boysen L, Rosenquist H. Reduction of thermotolerant Campylobacter species on broiler carcases following physical decontamination at slaughter. Journal of Food Protection 2009; 72: 497-502.
19. Katsma WE, et al. Assessing interventions to reduce the risk of Campylobacter prevalence in broilers. Risk Analysis 2007; 27: 863-876. (Pubitemid 47631875)
20. Food Standards Agency. The joint government and industry target to reduce Campylobacter in UK produced chickens by 2015 (http://www.food.gov.uk/ multimedia/ pdfs/campytarget.pdf). Accessed 30 August 2011.
21. Sheppard, A. The Structure and Economics of Broiler Production in England. Special Studies in Agricultural Economics, No. 59, 2004 (http://archive.defra.gov. uk/evidence/economics/foodfarm/reports/documents/ Brreport.pdf). Accessed 25 May 2011.
22. EFSA. Analysis of the baseline survey on the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler batches and of Campylobacter and Salmonella on broiler carcases in the EU, 2008. Part B: Analysis of factors associated with Campylobacter colonisation of broiler batches and with Campylobacter contamination of broiler carcases; andinvestigation of the culture method diagnostic characteristics used to analyse broiler carcass samples. EFSA Journal 2010; 8: 1522.
23. Hue O, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for Campylobacter spp. contamination of broiler chicken carcasses at the slaughterhouse. Food Microbiology 2010; 27: 992-999.
24. Guerin MT, et al. The change in prevalence of Campylobacter on chicken carcases during processing: a systematic review. Poultry Science 2010; 89: 1070- 1084.
25. Rosenquist H, et al. The effect of slaughter operations on the contamination of chicken carcasses with thermotolerant Campylobacter. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2006; 108: 226-32.
26. Figueroa G, et al. Occurrence and enumeration of Campylobacter spp. during the processing of Chilean broilers. BMC Microbiology 2009; 9: 94.
27. Reich F, et al. The effects of Campylobacter numbers in caeca on the contamination of broiler carcases with Campylobacter. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2008; 127: 116-20.
28. Lawes JR, et al. Investigation of prevalence and risk factors for Campylobacter in UK broiler flocks at slaughter. CHRO 2011, 28 August-1 September 2011.
29. Allen VM, et al. Campylobacter spp. contamination of chicken carcases during processing in relation to flock colonisation. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2007; 113: 54-61. (Pubitemid 44940769)
30. Jore S, et al. Trends in Campylobacter incidence in broilers and humans in six European countries, 1997- 2007. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2010; 93: 33-41.
31. Barrios, PB, et al. Risk factors for Campylobacter spp. colonisation in broiler flocks in Iceland. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2006; 74: 264-278.
32. Jorgensen F, et al. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli subtypes in housed broiler flocks reared in Great Britain : influence of season and geography. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2011; 77: 3741-3748.
33. Hald B, et al. Flies and Campylobacter infection of broiler flocks. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2004; 10: 1490-1492. (Pubitemid 39014169)
34. Nichols GL. Fly transmission of Campylobacter. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2005; 11: 361-364. (Pubitemid 40315719)
35. Hald B, et al. Influxed insects as vectors for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Danish broiler houses. Poultry Science 2008; 87: 1428-1434. (Pubitemid 351914493)
36. Gibbens JC, et al. A trial of biosecurity as a means to control Campylobacter infection of broiler chickens. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2001; 48: 85-99. (Pubitemid 32106289)
37. Hansson I, et al. Risk factors associated with the presence of Campylobacter-positive broiler flocks in Sweden. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2010; 96: 114-121.
38. Stern NJ, et al. Campy-on-Ice Consortium. Occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in cecal contents among commercial broilers in Iceland. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 2005; 2: 82-89. (Pubitemid 40411237)
39. Bull SA, et al. Flock health indicators and Campylobacter spp. in commercial housed broilers reared in Great Britain. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2008; 74: 5408-5413.
40. Jonsson ME, et al. Space-time patterns of Campylobacter spp. colonization in broiler flocks, 2002-2006. Epidemiology and Infection 2010; 138: 1336-45.
41. Bouwknegt M, et al. Risk factors for the presence of Campylobacter spp. in Dutch broiler flocks. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2004; 62: 35-49. (Pubitemid 38192819)
42. Hansson I, et al. Transmission of Campylobacter spp. To chickens during transport to slaughter. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2005; 99: 1149-1157. (Pubitemid 41531305)
43. Allen VM, et al. Evaluation of the performance of different cleaning treatments in reducing microbial contamination of poultry transport crates. British Poultry Science 2008; 49: 233-240. (Pubitemid 351882549)
44. Hastings R, et al. Campylobacter genotypes from poultry transportation crates indicate a source of contamination and transmission. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2011; 110: 266-276.
45. Nauta M, et al. A comparison of risk assessments on Campylobacter in broiler meat. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2009; 129: 107-23.