2012 American college of rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. part 1: Systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia

Arthritis Care and Research

Volumn 64, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 1431-1446

  Khanna, Dinesh ^a   Fitzgerald, John D ^b   Khanna, Puja P ^a   Bae, Sangmee ^b   Singh, Manjit K ^c   Neogi, Tuhina ^d   Pillinger, Michael H ^e   Merill, Joan ^f   Lee, Susan ^g   Prakash, Shraddha ^b   Kaldas, Marian ^b   Gogia, Maneesh ^b   Perez Ruiz, Fernando ^h   Taylor, Will ⁱ   Lioté, Frédéric ^j   Choi, Hyon ^d   Singh, Jasvinder A ^k   Dalbeth, Nicola ^l   Kaplan, Sanford ^m   Niyyar, Vandana ⁿ   Jones, Danielle ⁿ   Yarows, Steven A ^o   Roessler, Blake ^a   Kerr, Gail ^p   King, Charles ^q   Levy, Gerald ^r   Furst, Daniel E ^b   Edwards, N Lawrence ^s   Mandell, Brian ^t   Schumacher, H Ralph ^u   Robbins, Mark ^v   Wenger, Neil ^b   Terkeltaub, Robert ^g   more..

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c Rochester General Health System   (United States)

^d BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^h HOSPITAL DE CRUCES   (Spain)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^j UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DESCARTES   (France)

^k UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^l UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

^m Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery   (United States)

ⁿ EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^o UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

^p VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^q NORTH MISSISSIPPI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^r Southern California Permanente Medical Group   (United States)

^s UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^t LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^u UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^v HARVARD VANGUARD MEDICAL ASSOCIATES   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALLOPURINOL; BENZBROMARONE; FEBUXOSTAT; FENOFIBRATE; HLA B ANTIGEN; LOSARTAN; PEGLOTICASE; PROBENECID; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT; URATE; XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR;

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTHRITIS; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CHRONIC TOPHACEOUS GOUTY ARTHROPATHY; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; COMORBIDITY; CREATININE CLEARANCE; DIET THERAPY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRESS SYNDROME; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EOSINOPHILIA; GOUT; HAZARD RATIO; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERTRANSAMINASEMIA; HYPERURICEMIA; KIDNEY FAILURE; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LOW DRUG DOSE; MEDICAL SOCIETY; MONOTHERAPY; PATIENT EDUCATION; PHARMACOGENETICS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRURITUS; QUALITY OF LIFE; RASH; SIDE EFFECT; STEVENS JOHNSON SYNDROME; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; URIC ACID BLOOD LEVEL; UROLITHIASIS;

GOUT; GOUT SUPPRESSANTS; HUMANS; HYPERURICEMIA; RHEUMATOLOGY;

EID: 84869186940     PISSN: 2151464X     EISSN: 21514658     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/acr.21772     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Neogi T. Clinical practice: gout. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 443-52.
2. Terkeltaub R. Update on gout: new therapeutic strategies and options. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010; 6: 30-8.
3. Dalbeth N, Aati O, Gao A, House M, Liu Q, Horne A, et al. Assessment of tophus size: a comparison between physical measurement methods and dual-energy computed tomography scanning. J Clin Rheumatol 2012; 18: 23-7.
4. Dalbeth N, Clark B, Gregory K, Gamble G, Sheehan T, Doyle A, et al. Mechanisms of bone erosion in gout: a quantitative analysis using plain radiography and computed tomography. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68: 1290-5.
5. Desai MA, Peterson JJ, Garner HW, Kransdorf MJ. Clinical utility of dual-energy CT for evaluation of tophaceous gout. Radiographics 2011; 31: 1365-75.
6. Zhu Y, Pandya BJ, Choi HK. Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008. Arthritis Rheum 2011; 63: 3136-41.
7. Bhole V, de Vera M, Rahman MM, Krishnan E, Choi H. Epidemiology of gout in women: fifty-two-year followup of a prospective cohort. Arthritis Rheum 2010; 62: 1069-76.
8. Pillinger MH, Goldfarb DS, Keenan RT. Gout and its comorbidities. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis 2010; 68: 199-203.
9. Brook RA, Forsythe A, Smeeding JE, Lawrence EN. Chronic gout: epidemiology, disease progression, treatment and disease burden. Curr Med Res Opin 2010; 26: 2813-21.
10. Roddy E, Doherty M. Epidemiology of gout. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12: 223.
11. McAdams DeMarco MA, Maynard JW, Baer AN, Gelber AC, Young JH, Alonso A, et al. Diuretic use, increased serum urate levels, and risk of incident gout in a population-based study of adults with hypertension: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort study. Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64: 121-9.
12. Choi HK. A prescription for lifestyle change in patients with hyperuricemia and gout. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2010; 22: 165-72.
13. Becker MA, Schumacher HR, Benjamin KL, Gorevic P, Greenwald M, Fessel J, et al. Quality of life and disability in patients with treatment-failure gout. J Rheumatol 2009; 36: 1041-8.
14. Khanna PP, Khanna D. Health-related quality of life and outcome measures in gout. In: Terkeltaub R, editor. Gout and other crystal arthropathies. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2011. p. 217-25.
15. Singh JA, Hodges JS, Toscano JP, Asch SM. Quality of care for gout in the US needs improvement. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 57: 822-9. (Pubitemid 46932089)
16. Harrold LR, Andrade SE, Briesacher BA, Raebel MA, Fouayzi H, Yood RA, et al. Adherence with urate-lowering therapies for the treatment of gout. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11: R46.
17. Khanna D, Khanna PP, FitzGerald JD, Singh MK, Bae S, Neogi T, et al. 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 2: therapy and antiinflammatory prophylaxis of acute gouty arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 64: 1447-61.
18. Neogi T, George J, Rekhraj S, Struthers AD, Choi H, Terkeltaub RA. Are either or both hyperuricemia and xanthine oxidase directly toxic to the vasculature? A critical appraisal [review]. Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64: 327-38.
19. Brook R. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. In: Mc- Cormick KA, Moore SR, Siegel RA, editors. Methodology perspectives: AHCPR no. 95-0009. Rockville (MD): Public Health Service; 1994. p. 59-70.
20. Zhang W, Doherty M, Pascual E, Bardin T, Barskova V, Conaghan P, et al. EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part I: diagnosis. Report of a task force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65: 1301-11. (Pubitemid 44641591)
21. Zhang W, Doherty M, Bardin T, Pascual E, Barskova V, Conaghan P, et al. EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: management. Report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65: 1312-24. (Pubitemid 44620440)
22. Romeijnders AC, Gorter KJ. Summary of the Dutch College of General Practitioners' "gout" standard. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2002; 146: 309-13. In Dutch. (Pubitemid 34150285)
23. Yamanaka H. Revised version of guideline for the management of hyperuricemia and gout. Nihon Rinsho 2008; 66: 643-6. In Japanese.
24. Jordan KM, Cameron JS, Snaith M, Zhang W, Doherty M, Seckl J, et al. British Society for Rheumatology and British Health Professionals in Rheumatology guideline for the management of gout. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007; 46: 1372-4.
25. Stevenson M, Pandor A. Febuxostat for the management of hyperuricaemia in patients with gout: a NICE single technology appraisal. Pharmacoeconomics 2011; 29: 133-40.
26. Becker MA, Schumacher HR, Espinoza LR, Wells AF, Mac- Donald P, Lloyd E, et al. The urate-lowering efficacy and safety of febuxostat in the treatment of the hyperuricemia of gout: the CONFIRMS trial. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12: R63.
27. Sundy JS, Baraf HS, Yood RA, Edwards NL, Gutierrez-Urena SR, Treadwell EL, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of pegloticase for the treatment of chronic gout in patients refractory to conventional treatment: two randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2011; 306: 711-20.
28. Choi HK, Al-Arfaj AM, Eftekhari A, Munk PL, Shojania K, Reid G, et al. Dual energy computed tomography in tophaceous gout. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68: 1609-12.
29. Dalbeth N, Schauer C, MacDonald P, Perez-Ruiz F, Schumacher HR, Hamburger S, et al. Methods of tophus assessment in clinical trials of chronic gout: a systematic literature review and pictorial reference guide. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70: 597-604.
30. Shekelle PG, Woolf SH, Eccles M, Grimshaw J. Clinical guidelines: developing guidelines. BMJ 1999; 318: 593-6.
31. Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). Developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2005; 112: e154-235.
32. Singh JA, Furst DE, Bharat A, Curtis JR, Kavanaugh AF, Kremer JM, et al. 2012 update of the 2008 American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologic agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 64: 625-39.
33. Grossman JM, Gordon R, Ranganath VK, Deal C, Caplan L, Chen W, et al. American College of Rheumatology 2010 recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid- induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 62: 1515-26.
34. Rees F, Jenkins W, Doherty M. Patients with gout adhere to curative treatment if informed appropriately: proof-ofconcept observational study. Ann Rheum Dis 2012. E-pub ahead of print.
35. Krishnan E, Baker JF, Furst DE, Schumacher HR. Gout and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54: 2688-96. (Pubitemid 44208638)
36. Krishnan E, Svendsen K, Neaton JD, Grandits G, Kuller LH. Long-term cardiovascular mortality among middle-aged men with gout. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 1104-10. (Pubitemid 351749228)
37. Dalbeth N, Ames R, Gamble GD, Horne A, Wong S, Kuhn- Sherlock B, et al. Effects of skim milk powder enriched with glycomacropeptide and G600 milk fat extract on frequency of gout flares: a proof-of-concept randomised controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 71: 929-34.
38. Dessein PH, Shipton EA, Stanwix AE, Joffe BI, Ramokgadi J. Beneficial effects of weight loss associated with moderate calorie/carbohydrate restriction, and increased proportional intake of protein and unsaturated fat on serum urate and lipoprotein levels in gout: a pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis 2000; 59: 539-43. (Pubitemid 30445833)
39. Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson EW, Willett W, Curhan G. Purine-rich foods, dairy and protein intake, and the risk of gout in men. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 1093-103. (Pubitemid 38298989)
40. Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson EW, Willett W, Curhan G. Alcohol intake and risk of incident gout in men: a prospective study. Lancet 2004; 363: 1277-81. (Pubitemid 38496489)
41. Choi HK, Willett W, Curhan G. Fructose-rich beverages and the risk of gout in women. JAMA 2010; 304: 2270-8.
42. Choi HK, Curhan G. Soft drinks, fructose consumption, and the risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2008; 36: 309-12. (Pubitemid 351278368)
43. Singh JA, Reddy SG, Kundukulam J. Risk factors for gout and prevention: a systematic review of the literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2011; 23: 192-202.
44. Zhang Y, Chen C, Choi H, Chaisson C, Hunter D, Niu J, et al. Purine-rich foods intake and recurrent gout attacks. Ann Rheum Dis 2012. E-pub ahead of print.
45. Tsai YT, Liu JP, Tu YK, Lee MS, Chen PR, Hsu HC, et al. Relationship between dietary patterns and serum uric acid concentrations among ethnic Chinese adults in Taiwan. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2012; 21: 263-70.
46. Zhang Y, Woods R, Chaisson CE, Neogi T, Niu J, McAlindon TE, et al. Alcohol consumption as a trigger of recurrent gout attacks. Am J Med 2006; 119: 800.e13-8.
47. Stamp LK, Taylor WJ, Jones PB, Dockerty JL, Drake J, Frampton C, et al. Starting dose is a risk factor for allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome: a proposed safe starting dose of allopurinol. Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64: 2529-36.
48. Reinders MK, van Roon EN, Jansen TL, Delsing J, Griep EN, Hoekstra M, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of urate-lowering drugs in gout: a randomised controlled trial of benzbromarone versus probenecid after failure of allopurinol. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68: 51-6.
49. Reinders MK, Haagsma C, Jansen TL, van Roon EN, Delsing J, van de Laar MA, et al. A randomised controlled trial on the efficacy and tolerability with dose escalation of allopurinol 300-600 mg/day versus benzbromarone 100-200 mg/day in patients with gout. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68: 892-7.
50. Stamp LK, O'Donnell JL, Zhang M, James J, Frampton C, Barclay ML, et al. Using allopurinol above the dose based on creatinine clearance is effective and safe in patients with chronic gout, including those with renal impairment. Arthritis Rheum 2011; 63: 412-21.
51. Lupton G, Odom R. Severe allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1979; 72: 1361-8.
52. Arellano F, Sacristan J. Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome: a review. Ann Pharmacother 1993; 27: 337-43. (Pubitemid 23086961)
53. Zineh I, Mummaneni P, Lyndly J, Amur S, La Grenade LA, Chang SH, et al. Allopurinol pharmacogenetics: assessment of potential clinical usefulness. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12: 1741-9.
54. Hande KR. Evaluation of a thiazide-allopurinol drug interaction. Am J Med Sci 1986; 292: 213-6. (Pubitemid 17037960)
55. Chao J, Terkeltaub R. A critical reappraisal of allopurinol dosing, safety, and efficacy for hyperuricemia in gout. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2009; 11: 135-40.
56. Hande KR, Noone RM, Stone WJ. Severe allopurinol toxicity: description and guidelines for prevention in patients with renal insufficiency. Am J Med 1984; 76: 47-56. (Pubitemid 14216359)
57. Somkrua R, Eickman EE, Saokaew S, Lohitnavy M, Chaiyakunapruk N. Association of HLA-B*5801 allele and allopurinolinduced Stevens Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med Genet 2011; 12: 118.
58. Lee MH, Stocker SL, Anderson J, Phillips EJ, Nolan D, Williams KM, et al. Initiating allopurinol therapy: do we need to know the patient's HLA status? Intern Med J 2011; 42: 411-6.
59. Jung JW, Song WJ, Kim YS, Joo KW, Lee KW, Kim SH, et al. HLA-B58 can help the clinical decision on starting allopurinol in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26: 3567-72.
60. Hung SI, Chung WH, Liou LB, Chu CC, Lin M, Huang HP, et al. HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102: 4134-9. (Pubitemid 40388568)
61. Tassaneeyakul W, Jantararoungtong T, Chen P, Lin PY, Tiamkao S, Khunarkornsiri U, et al. Strong association between HLA-B*5801 and allopurinol-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in a Thai population. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2009; 19: 704-9.
62. Lonjou C, Borot N, Sekula P, Ledger N, Thomas L, Halevy S, et al, for the RegiSCAR Study Group. A European study of HLA-B in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis related to five high-risk drugs. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2008; 18: 99-107.
63. Perez-Ruiz F, Hernandez-Baldizon S, Herrero-Beites AM, Gonzalez-Gay MA. Risk factors associated with renal lithiasis during uricosuric treatment of hyperuricemia in patients with gout. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 62: 1299-305.
64. Thompson GR, Duff IF, Robinson WD, Mikkelsen WM, Galindez H. Long term uricosuric therapy in gout. Arthritis Rheum 1962; 5: 384-96.
65. Pineda C, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Solano C, Rodriguez-Henriquez P, Hernandez-Diaz C, Vargas A, et al. Joint and tendon subclinical involvement suggestive of gouty arthritis in asymptomatic hyperuricemia: an ultrasound controlled study. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13: R4.
66. Ottaviani S, Allard A, Bardin T, Richette P. An exploratory ultrasound study of early gout. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2011; 29: 816-21.
67. Perez-Ruiz F, Calabozo M, Pijoan JI, Herrero-Beites AM, Ruibal A. Effect of urate-lowering therapy on the velocity of size reduction of tophi in chronic gout. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 47: 356-60. (Pubitemid 34856121)
68. Takahashi S, Moriwaki Y, Yamamoto T, Tsutsumi Z, Ka T, Fukuchi M. Effects of combination treatment using anti-hyperuricaemic agents with fenofibrate and/or losartan on uric acid metabolism. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62: 572-5. (Pubitemid 36608946)
69. Reinders MK, van Roon EN, Houtman PM, Brouwers JR, Jansen TL. Biochemical effectiveness of allopurinol and allopurinol- probenecid in previously benzbromarone-treated gout patients. Clin Rheumatol 2007; 26: 1459-65. (Pubitemid 47201684)
70. Thiele RG, Schlesinger N. Ultrasonography shows disappearance of monosodium urate crystal deposition on hyaline cartilage after sustained normouricemia is achieved. Rheumatol Int 2010; 30: 495-503.
71. Perez-Ruiz F, Hernando I, Villar I, Nolla JM. Correction of allopurinol dosing should be based on clearance of creatinine, but not plasma creatinine levels: another insight to allopurinol- related toxicity. J Clin Rheumatol 2005; 11: 129-33. (Pubitemid 40863823)
72. Becker MA, Schumacher HR Jr, Wortmann RL, MacDonald PA, Eustace D, Palo WA, et al. Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2450-61. (Pubitemid 41781828)
73. Schumacher HR Jr, Becker MA, Wortmann RL, MacDonald PA, Hunt B, Streit J, et al. Effects of febuxostat versus allopurinol and placebo in reducing serum urate in subjects with hyperuricemia and gout: a 28-week, phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 59: 1540-8.