Translating preclinical approaches into human application

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

Volumn 109, Issue , 2012, Pages 399-409

  Dietz, Volker ^a   Curt, Armin ^a  

^a BALGRIST UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867757897     PISSN: 00729752     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52137-8.00025-5     Document Type: Chapter

References (100)

1. Aisen M.L., Brown W., Rubin M. Electrophysiologic changes in lumbar spinal cord after cervical cord injury. Neurology 1992, 42:623-626.
2. Anderson D.K., Beattie M., Blesch A., et al. Recommended guidelines for studies of human subjects with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2005, 43:453-458.
3. Barbeau H., Rossignol S. Enhancement of locomotor recovery following spinal cord injury. Curr Opin Neurol 1994, 7:517-524.
4. Bareyre F.M., Haudenschild B., Schwab M.E. Long-lasting sprouting and gene expression changes induced by the monoclonal antibody IN-1 in the adult spinal cord. J Neurosci 2002, 22:7097-7110.
5. Bareyre F.M., Kerschensteiner M., Raineteau O., et al. The injured spinal cord spontaneously forms a new intraspinal circuit in adult rats. Nat Neurosci 2004, 7:269-277.
6. Barnett S.C., Chang L. Olfactory ensheathing cells and CNS repair: going solo or in need of a friend?. Trends Neurosci 2004, 27:54-60.
7. Bennett D.J., Sanelli L., Cooke C.L., et al. Spastic long-lasting reflexes in the awake rat after sacral spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol 2004, 91:2247-2258.
8. Blight A.R. Miracles and molecules - progress in spinal cord repair. Nat Neurosci 2002, 5:1051-1054.
9. Bradbury E.J., Khemani S., Von R.King, et al. NT-3 promotes growth of lesioned adult rat sensory axons ascending in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. Eur J Neurosci 1999, 11:3873-3883.
10. Bradbury E.J., Moon L.D., Popat R.J., et al. Chondroitinase ABC promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Nature 2002, 416:636-640.
11. Buchli A.D., Schwab M.E. Inhibition of Nogo: a key strategy to increase regeneration, plasticity and functional recovery of the lesioned central nervous system. Ann Med 2005, 37:556-567.
12. Bunge M.B. Bridging the transected or contused adult rat spinal cord with Schwann cell and olfactory ensheathing glia transplants. Prog Brain Res 2002, 137:275-282.
13. Bunge M.B., Pearse D.D. Transplantation strategies to promote repair of the injured spinal cord. J Rehabil Res Dev 2003, 40:55-62.
14. Bunge R.P., Puckett W.R., Becerra J.L., et al. Observations on the pathology of human spinal cord injury. A review and classification of 22 new cases with details from a case of chronic cord compression with extensive focal demyelination. Adv Neurol 1993, 59:75-89.
15. Burns A.S., Lemay M.A., Tessler A. Abnormal spontaneous potentials in distal muscles in animal models of spinal cord injury. Muscle Nerve 2005, 31:46-51.
16. Cai D., Qiu J., Cao Z., et al. Neuronal cyclic AMP controls the developmental loss in ability of axons to regenerate. J Neurosci 2001, 21:4731-4739.
17. Cameron A.A., Smith G.M., Randall D.C., et al. Genetic manipulation of intraspinal plasticity after spinal cord injury alters the severity of autonomic dysreflexia. J Neurosci 2006, 26:2923-2932.
18. Chang C.W. Evident transsynaptic degeneration of motor neurons after spinal cord injury: a study of neuromuscular jitter by axonal microstimulation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1998, 77:118-121.
19. Chen M.S., Huber A.B., van der Haar M.E., et al. Nogo-A is a myelin-associated neurite outgrowth inhibitor and an antigen for monoclonal antibody IN-1. Nature 2000, 403:434-439.
20. Collazos-Castro J.E., Soto V.M., Gutierrez-Davila M., et al. Motoneuron loss associated with chronic locomotion impairments after spinal cord contusion in the rat. J Neurotrauma 2005, 22:544-558.
21. Colombo G., Joerg M., Schreier R., et al. Treadmill training of paraplegic patients using a robotic orthosis. J Rehabil Res Dev 2000, 37:693-700.
22. Curt A., Dietz V. Neurographic assessment of intramedullary motoneurone lesions in cervical spinal cord injury: consequences for hand function. Spinal Cord 1996, 34:326-332.
23. Curt A., Dietz V. Traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: relation between somatosensory evoked potentials, neurological deficit, and hand function. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996, 77:48-53.
24. Curt A., Dietz V. Electrophysiological recordings in patients with spinal cord injury: significance for predicting outcome. Spinal Cord 1999, 37:157-165.
25. Curt A., Dietz V. Controversial treatments for spinal-cord injuries. Lancet 2005, 365:841.
26. Curt A., Schwab M.E., Dietz V. Providing the clinical basis for new interventional therapies: refined diagnosis and assessment of recovery after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2004, 42:1-6.
27. Cyranosky D. Patients warned about unproven spinal surgery. Nature 2006, 440:850-851.
28. DeAngelis G.C., Ohzawa I., Freeman R.D. Receptive-field dynamics in the central visual pathways. Trends Neurosci 1995, 18:451-458.
29. de Leon R.D., Hodgson J.A., Roy R.R., et al. Locomotor capacity attributable to step training versus spontaneous recovery after spinalization in adult cats. J Neurophysiol 1998, 79:1329-1340.
30. de Leon R.D., Tamaki H., Hodgson J.A., et al. Hindlimb locomotor and postural training modulates glycinergic inhibition in the spinal cord of the adult spinal cat. J Neurophysiol 1999, 82:359-369.
31. de Leon R.D., Hodgson J.A., Roy R.R., et al. Retention of hindlimb stepping ability in adult spinal cats after the cessation of step training. J Neurophysiol 1999, 81:85-94.
32. Dergham P., Ellezam B., Essagian C., et al. Rho signaling pathway targeted to promote spinal cord repair. J Neurosci 2002, 22:6570-6577.
33. Deumens R., Koopmans G.C., Joosten E.A. Regeneration of descending axon tracts after spinal cord injury. Prog Neurobiol 2005, 77:57-89.
34. Dietz V. Human neuronal control of automatic functional movements: interaction between central programs and afferent input. Physiol Rev 1992, 72:33-69.
35. Dietz V. Do human bipeds use quadrupedal coordination?. Trends Neurosci 2002, 25:462-467.
36. Dietz V. Proprioception and locomotor disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 2002, 3:781-790.
37. Dietz V. Ready for human spinal cord repair?. Brain 2008, 131:2240-2242.
38. Dietz V. Studies on the spastic rat: an adequate model for human spastic movement disorder?. J Neurophysiol 2008, 99:1039-1040. author reply 1041.
39. Dietz V., Curt A. Neurological aspects of spinal-cord repair: promises and challenges. Lancet Neurol 2006, 5:688-694.
40. Dietz V., Harkema S.J. Locomotor activity in spinal cord-injured persons. J Appl Physiol 2004, 96:1954-1960.
41. Dietz V., Muller R. Degradation of neuronal function following a spinal cord injury: mechanisms and countermeasures. Brain 2004, 127:2221-2231.
42. Dietz V., Sinkjaer T. Spastic movement disorder: impaired reflex function and altered muscle mechanics. Lancet Neurol 2007, 6:725-733.
43. Dietz V., Grillner S., Trepp A., et al. Changes in spinal reflex and locomotor activity after a complete spinal cord injury: a common mechanism?. Brain 2009, 132:2196-2205.
44. Dobkin B.H., Curt A., Guest J. Cellular transplants in China: observational study from the largest human experiment in chronic spinal cord injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2006, 20:5-13.
45. Edgerton V.R., Roy R.R., Hodgson J.A., et al. Potential of adult mammalian lumbosacral spinal cord to execute and acquire improved locomotion in the absence of supraspinal input. J Neurotrauma 1992, 9:S119-S128.
46. Edgerton V.R., de Leon R.D., Tillakaratne N., et al. Use-dependent plasticity in spinal stepping and standing. Adv Neurol 1997, 72:233-247.
47. Ethics and Humanities Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Code of professional conduct. (assessed June 20, 2006). http://www.aan.com/about/board/code.of.conduct.pdf.
48. Feron F., Perry C., Cochrane J., et al. Autologous olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation in human spinal cord injury. Brain 2005, 128:2951-2960.
49. Fong A.J., Cai L.L., Otoshi C.K., et al. Spinal cord-transected mice learn to step in response to quipazine treatment and robotic training. J Neurosci 2005, 25:11738-11747.
50. Fouad K., Klusman I., Schwab M.E. Regenerating corticospinal fibers in the marmoset (Callitrix jacchus) after spinal cord lesion and treatment with the anti-Nogo-A antibody IN-1. Eur J Neurosci 2004, 20:2479-2482.
51. Fouad K., Schnell L., Bunge M.B., et al. Combining Schwann cell bridges and olfactory-ensheathing glia grafts with chondroitinase promotes locomotor recovery after complete transection of the spinal cord. J Neurosci 2005, 25:1169-1178.
52. Fournier A.E., Takizawa B.T., Strittmatter S.M. Rho kinase inhibition enhances axonal regeneration in the injured CNS. J Neurosci 2003, 23:1416-1423.
53. Galtrey C.M., Asher R.A., Nothias F., et al. Promoting plasticity in the spinal cord with chondroitinase improves functional recovery after peripheral nerve repair. Brain 2007, 130:926-939.
54. Garcia-Alias G., Barkhuysen S., Buckle M., et al. Chondroitinase ABC treatment opens a window of opportunity for task-specific rehabilitation. Nat Neurosci 2009, 12:1145-1151.
55. Gensel J.C., Tovar C.A., Hamers F.P., et al. Behavioral and histological characterization of unilateral cervical spinal cord contusion injury in rats. J Neurotrauma 2006, 23:36-54.
56. Gimenez y Ribotta M., Gaviria M., Menet V., et al. Strategies for regeneration and repair in spinal cord traumatic injury. Prog Brain Res 2002, 137:191-212.
57. Ginsberg S.D., Martin L.J. Axonal transection in adult rat brain induces transsynaptic apoptosis and persistent atrophy of target neurons. J Neurotrauma 2002, 19:99-109.
58. Grillner S., Deliagina T., Ekeberg O., et al. Neural networks that co-ordinate locomotion and body orientation in lamprey. Trends Neurosci 1995, 18:270-279.
59. Guest J.D., Hiester E.D., Bunge R.P. Demyelination and Schwann cell responses adjacent to injury epicenter cavities following chronic human spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2005, 192:384-393.
60. Hains B.C., Willis W.D., Hulsebosch C.E. Temporal plasticity of dorsal horn somatosensory neurons after acute and chronic spinal cord hemisection in rat. Brain Res 2003, 970:238-241.
61. Hansen N.L., Conway B.A., Halliday D.M., et al. Reduction of common synaptic drive to ankle dorsiflexor motoneurons during walking in patients with spinal cord lesion. J Neurophysiol 2005, 94:934-942.
62. Hara Y., Akaboshi K., Masakado Y., et al. Physiologic decrease of single thenar motor units in the F-response in stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000, 81:418-423.
63. Hofstetter C.P., Holmstrom N.A., Lilja J.A., et al. Allodynia limits the usefulness of intraspinal neural stem cell grafts; directed differentiation improves outcome. Nat Neurosci 2005, 8:346-353.
64. Houle J.D., Tessler A. Repair of chronic spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2003, 182:247-260.
65. Ichiyama R.M., Broman J., Edgerton V.R., et al. Ultrastructural synaptic features differ between alpha- and gamma-motoneurons innervating the tibialis anterior muscle in the rat. J Comp Neurol 2006, 499:306-315.
66. Karimi-Abdolrezaee S., Eftekharpour E., Wang J., et al. Delayed transplantation of adult neural precursor cells promotes remyelination and functional neurological recovery after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci 2006, 26:3377-3389.
67. Keyvan-Fouladi N., Raisman G., Li Y. Functional repair of the corticospinal tract by delayed transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells in adult rats. J Neurosci 2003, 23:9428-9434.
68. Kigerl K., Popovich P. Drug evaluation: ProCord - a potential cell-based therapy for spinal cord injury. IDrugs 2006, 9:354-360.
69. Klapka N., Hermanns S., Straten G., et al. Suppression of fibrous scarring in spinal cord injury of rat promotes long-distance regeneration of corticospinal tract axons, rescue of primary motoneurons in somatosensory cortex and significant functional recovery. Eur J Neurosci 2005, 22:3047-3058.
70. Li X., Murray K., Harvey P.J., et al. Serotonin facilitates a persistent calcium current in motoneurons of rats with and without chronic spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol 2007, 97:1236-1246.
71. Lin C.S., Macefield V.G., Elam M., et al. Axonal changes in spinal cord injured patients distal to the site of injury. Brain 2007, 130:985-994.
72. McDonald J.W., Howard M.J. Repairing the damaged spinal cord: a summary of our early success with embryonic stem cell transplantation and remyelination. Prog Brain Res 2002, 137:299-309.
73. McDonald J.W., Liu X.Z., Qu Y., et al. Transplanted embryonic stem cells survive, differentiate and promote recovery in injured rat spinal cord. Nat Med 1999, 5:1410-1412.
74. Mackay-Sim A., Féron F., Cochrane J., et al. Autologous olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation in human paraplegia: a 3-year clinical trial. Brain 2008, 131:2376-2386.
75. Maier I.C., Ichiyama R.M., Courtine G., et al. Differential effects of anti-Nogo-A antibody treatment and treadmill training in rats with incomplete spinal cord injury. Brain 2009, 132:1426-1440.
76. Mayorov D.N., Adams M.A., Krassioukov A.V. Telemetric blood pressure monitoring in conscious rats before and after compression injury of spinal cord. J Neurotrauma 2001, 18:727-736.
77. Metz G.A., Curt A., van de Meent H., et al. Validation of the weight-drop contusion model in rats: a comparative study of human spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2000, 17:1-17.
78. Moon L.D., Asher R.A., Rhodes K.E., et al. Regeneration of CNS axons back to their target following treatment of adult rat brain with chondroitinase ABC. Nat Neurosci 2001, 4:465-466.
79. Morgenstern D.A., Asher R.A., Fawcett J.W. Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans in the CNS injury response. Prog Brain Res 2002, 137:313-332.
80. Mukhopadhyay G., Doherty P., Walsh F.S., et al. A novel role for myelin-associated glycoprotein as an inhibitor of axonal regeneration. Neuron 1994, 13:757-767.
81. Muller R., Dietz V. Neuronal function in chronic spinal cord injury: divergence between locomotor and flexion- and H-reflex activity. Clin Neurophysiol 2006, 117:1499-1507.
82. Nathan P.W. Effects on movement of surgical incisions into the human spinal cord. Brain 1994, 117:337-346.
83. Nyboer V.J., Johnson H.E. Electromyographic findings in lower extremities of patients with traumatic quadriplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1971, 52:256-259.
84. Pearse D.D., Pereira F.C., Marcillo A.E., et al. cAMP and Schwann cells promote axonal growth and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Nat Med 2004, 10:610-616.
85. Raineteau O., Schwab M.E. Plasticity of motor systems after incomplete spinal cord injury. Nat Rev Neurosci 2001, 2:263-273.
86. Raisman G. A promising therapeutic approach to spinal cord repair. J R Soc Med 2003, 96:259-261.
87. Ramer L.M., Ramer M.S., Steeves J.D. Setting the stage for functional repair of spinal cord injuries: a cast of thousands. Spinal Cord 2005, 43:134-161.
88. Ramon-Cueto A., Cordero M.I., Santos-Benito F.F., et al. Functional recovery of paraplegic rats and motor axon regeneration in their spinal cords by olfactory ensheathing glia. Neuron 2000, 25:425-435.
89. Rapalino O., Lazarov-Spiegler O., Agranov E., et al. Implantation of stimulated homologous macrophages results in partial recovery of paraplegic rats. Nat Med 1998, 4:814-821.
90. Rhodes K.E., Fawcett J.W. Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans: preventing plasticity or protecting the CNS?. J Anat 2004, 204:33-48.
91. Schnell L., Schneider R., Kolbeck R., et al. Neurotrophin-3 enhances sprouting of corticospinal tract during development and after adult spinal cord lesion. Nature 1994, 367:170-173.
92. Schwab M.E. Nogo and axon regeneration. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2004, 14:118-124.
93. Schwartz M., Lazarov-Spiegler O., Rapalino O., et al. Potential repair of rat spinal cord injuries using stimulated homologous macrophages. Neurosurgery 1999, 44:1041-1045. discussion 1045-1046.
94. Schwartz M., Moalem G., Leibowitz-Amit R., et al. Innate and adaptive immune responses can be beneficial for CNS repair. Trends Neurosci 1999, 22:295-299.
95. Tator C.H., Fehlings M.G. Review of the secondary injury theory of acute spinal cord trauma with emphasis on vascular mechanisms. J Neurosurg 1991, 75:15-26.
96. Tillakaratne N.J., de Leon R.D., Hoang T.X., et al. Use-dependent modulation of inhibitory capacity in the feline lumbar spinal cord. J Neurosci 2002, 22:3130-3143.
97. Valero-Cabre A., Navarro X. Changes in crossed spinal reflexes after peripheral nerve injury and repair. J Neurophysiol 2002, 87:1763-1771.
98. Wu Y.P., Ling E.A. Transsynaptic changes of neurons and associated microglial reaction in the spinal cord of rats following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurosci Lett 1998, 256:41-44.
99. Yamashita T., Tohyama M. The p75 receptor acts as a displacement factor that releases Rho from Rho-GDI. Nat Neurosci 2003, 6:461-467.
100. Ye J.H., Houle J.D. Treatment of the chronically injured spinal cord with neurotrophic factors can promote axonal regeneration from supraspinal neurons. Exp Neurol 1997, 143:70-81.