Hindlimb locomotor and postural training modulates glycinergic inhibition in the spinal cord of the adult spinal cat

Journal of Neurophysiology

Volumn 82, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 359-369

  De Leon, R D ^a   Tamaki, H ^b   Hodgson, J A ^a   Roy, R R ^a   Edgerton, V R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FITNESS AND SPORTS IN KANOYA   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLYCINE RECEPTOR; STRYCHNINE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BINDING AFFINITY; CAT; ELECTROMYOGRAM; LOCOMOTION; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NERVE CELL; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECEPTOR BINDING; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPINAL CORD; TRAINING; TREADMILL EXERCISE;

EID: 0032802327     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1999.82.1.359     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. ALFORD, S. AND WILLIAMS, T. L. Endogenous activation of glycine and NMDA receptors in lamprey spinal cord during fictive locomotion. J. Neurosci. 9: 2792-2800, 1989.
2. BARBEAU, H. AND BEDARD, P. Denervation supersensitivity to 5-HT in rats following spinal transection and 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine injection. Neuropharmacology 20: 611-616, 1987.
3. BARBEAU, H., PEPIN, A., NORMAN, K., LADOUCEUR, M., AND LEROUX, A. Walking following spinal cord injury: control and recovery. Neuroscientist 4: 14-24, 1998.
4. BARBEAU, H. AND ROSSIGNOL, S. Recovery of locomotion after chronic spinalization in the adult cat. Brain Res. 412: 84-95, 1987.
5. BARBEAU, H. AND ROSSIGNOL, S. Initiation and modulation of the locomotor pattern in the adult chronic spinal cat by noradrenergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic drugs. Brain Res. 546: 250-260, 1991.
6. BELANGER, M., DREW, T., PROVENCHER, J., AND ROSSIGNOL, S. A comparison of treadmill locomotion in adult cats before and after spinal transection. J. Neurophysiol. 76: 471-491, 1996.
7. CHAU, C., BARBEAU, H., AND ROSSIGNOL, S. Effects of intrathecal α1- and α2-noradrenergic agonists and norepinephrine on locomotion in chronic spinal cats. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2941-2963, 1998a.
8. CHAU, C., BARBEAU, H., AND ROSSIGNOL, S. Early locomotor training with clonidine in spinal cats. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 392-409, 1998b.
9. COWLEY, K. C. AND SCHMIDT, B. J. Effects of inhibitory amino acid antagonists on reciprocal inhibitory interactions during rhythmic motor activity in the in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord. J. Neurophysiol. 74: 1109-1117, 1995.
10. CURRIE, S. N. AND LEE, S. Glycinergic inhibition contributes to the generation of rostral scratch motor patterns in the turtle spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 17: 3322-3333, 1997.
11. CURTIS, D. R., DUGGAN, A. W., AND JOHNSTON, G.A.R. The specificity of strychnine as a glycine antagonist in the mammalian spinal cord. Exp. Brain Res. 12: 547-565, 1971.
12. DALE, N. Reciprocal inhibitory interneurones in the Xenopus embryo spinal cord. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 363: 61-70, 1985.
13. DE GUZMAN, C. P., ROY, R. R., HODGSON, J. A., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Coordination of motor pools controlling the ankle musculature in adult spinal cats during treadmill walking. Brain Res. 555: 202-214, 1991.
14. DE LEON, R, HODGSON, J. A., ROY, R. R., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Extensor- and flexor-like modulation within motor pools of the rat hindlimb during treadmill locomotion and swimming. Brain Res. 654: 241-250, 1994.
15. DE LEON, R. D., HODGSON, J. A., ROY, R. R., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Locomotor capacity attributable to step training versus spontaneous recovery following spinalization in cats. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1329-1340, 1998a.
16. DE LEON, R. D., HODGSON, J. A., ROY, R. R., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Full-weight-bearing hindlimb standing following stand training in the adult spinal cat. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 83-91, 1998b.
17. DE LEON, R. D., HODGSON, J. A., ROY, R. R., AND EDGERTON, V. R. The retention of hindlimb stepping ability in adult spinal cats after the cessation of step training. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 85-94, 1999.
18. DUYSENS, J. D. AND PEARSON, K. G. Inhibition of flexor burst generation by loading ankle extensor muscles in walking cats. Brain Res. 187: 321-332, 1980.
19. EDGERTON, V. R., DE LEON, R. D., TILLAKARATNE, N., RECKTENWALD, M. R., HODGSON, J. A., AND ROY, R. R. Use-dependent plasticity in spinal stepping and standing. In: Advances in Neurology: Neuronal Regeneration, Reorganization and Repair. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1997a, p. 233-247.
20. EDGERTON, V. R., ROY, R. R., DE LEON, R., TILLAKARATNE N., AND HODGSON, J. A. Does motor learning occur in the spinal cord? Neuroscientist 3: 287-294, 1997b.
21. FORSSBERG, H., GRILLNER, S., HALBERTSMA, J., AND ROSSIGNOL, S. The locomotion of the low spinal cat. II. Interlimb coordination. Acta Physiol. Scand. 108: 283-295, 1980.
22. HART, B. L. Facilitation by strychnine of reflex walking in spinal dogs. Physiol. Behav. 6: 627-628, 1971.
23. HODGSON, J. A., DE LEON, R. D., TAMAKI, H., ROY, R. R., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Stand training in spinal cats modifies glycinergic-mediated inhibition in the spinal cord. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 24: 916, 1998.
24. HODGSON, J. A., ROY, R. R., DE LEON, R., DOBKIN, B., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Can the mammalian lumbar spinal cord learn a motor task? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 26: 1491-1497, 1994.
25. HUTCHISON, D. L., ROY, R. R., BODINE-FOWLER, S., HODGSON, J. A., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Electromyographic (EMG) amplitude patterns in the proximal and distal compartments of the cat semitendinosus during various motor tasks. Brain Res. 479: 56-64, 1989a.
26. HUTCHISON, D. L., ROY, R. R., HODGSON, J. A., AND EDGERTON, V. R. EMG amplitude relationships between the rat soleus and medial gastrocnemius during various motor tasks. Brain Res. 502: 233-244, 1989b.
27. LOVELY, R. G., GREGOR, R. J., ROY, R. R., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Effects of training on the recovery of full-weight-bearing stepping in the adult spinal cat. Exp. Neurol. 92: 421-435, 1986.
28. LOVELY, R. G., GREGOR, R. J., ROY, R. R., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Weight-bearing hindlimb stepping in treadmill-exercised adult spinal cats. Brain Res. 514: 206-218, 1990.
29. NORMAN, K. E. AND BARBEAU, H. Comparison of cyproheptadine, clonidine and baclofen on the modulation of gait pattern in subjects with spinal cord injury. In: Spasticity: Mechanisms and Management, edited by A. Thilmann, D. Burke, and Z. Rymer. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1993, p. 410-470.
30. NYGREN, L.-G. AND OLSON, L. On spinal norepinephrine receptor supersensitivity: correlation between nerve terminals densities and flexor reflexes various times after intracisternal 6-hydroxydopamine. Brain Res. 116: 455-470, 1976.
31. ORNUNG, G., SHUPLIAKOV, O., OTTERSEN, O. P., STORM-MATHISEN, J. AND CULLHEIM, S. Immunohistochemical evidence for coexistence of glycine and GABA in nerve terminals on cat spinal motoneurons: an ultrastructural study. Neuroreport 5: 889-892, 1994.
32. PHILIPPSON, M. L'autonomie et la centralisation dans le systeme nerveux des animaux. Trav. Lab. Physiol. Inst. Solvay Bruxelles. 7: 1-28, 1905.
33. PIEROTTI, D. J., ROY, R. R., GREGOR, R. J., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Electromyographic activity of cat hindlimb flexors and extensors during locomotion at varying speeds and inclines. Brain Res. 481: 57-66, 1989.
34. PRATT, C. A., FUNG, J., AND MACPHERSON, J. M. Stance control in the chronic spinal cat. J. Neurophysiol. 71: 1981-1985, 1994.
35. PRATT, C. A. AND JORDAN, L. M. Ia inhibitory interneurons and Renshaw cells as contributors to the spinal mechanisms of fictive locomotion. J. Neurophysiol. 57: 56-71, 1987.
36. ROBINSON, G. A. AND GOLDBERGER, M. E. The development and recovery of motor function in spinal cats. II. Pharmacological enhancement of recovery. Exp. Brain Res. 62: 387-400, 1986.
37. ROY, R. R. AND ACOSTA, L. Fiber type and fiber size changes in selected thigh muscles six months after low thoracic spinal cord transection in adult cats: exercise effects. Exp. Neurol. 92: 675-685, 1986.
38. ROY, R. R., BALDWIN, K. M., AND EDGERTON, V. R. The plasticity of skeletal muscle: effects of neuromuscular activity. Exercise Sport Sci. Rev. 19: 269-312, 1991.
39. ROY, R. R., HODGSON, J. A., LAURETZ, S. D., PIEROTTI, D. J., GAYEK, R. J., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Chronic spinal cord-injured cats: surgical procedures and management. Lab. Anim. Sci. 42: 335-343, 1992.
40. ROY, R. R., TALMADGE, R. J., HODGSON, J. A., OISHI, Y., BALDWIN, K. M., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Differential response of fast hindlimb extensor and flexor muscles to exercise in cats spinalized as adults. Muscle Nerve 11: 230-241, 1999.
41. ROY, R. R., TALMADGE, R. J., HODGSON, J. A., ZHONG, H., BALDWIN, K. M., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Training effects on soleus of cats spinal cord transected (T12-13) as adults. Muscle Nerve 21: 63-71, 1998.
42. RUDOMIN, P., JIMENEZ, I., QUEVEDO, J., AND SOLODKIN, M. Pharmacologic analysis of inhibition produced by last-order intermediate nucleus interneurons mediating nonreciprocal inhibition of motoneurons in cat spinal cord. J. Neurophysiol. 63: 147-160, 1990.
43. SOFFE, S. R. Ionic and pharmacological properties of reciprocal inhibition in Xenopus embryo motoneurons. Brain Res. 336: 390-395, 1987.
44. STEWART, J. E., BARBEAU, H., AND GAUTHIER, S. Modulation of locomotor patterns and spasticity with clonidine in spinal cord injured patients. J. Can. Sci. Neurol. 18: 321-332, 1991.
45. TAAL, W. AND HOLSTEGE, J. C. GABA and glycine frequently colocalize in terminals on cat spinal motoneurons. Neuroreport 5: 2225-2228, 1994.
46. TALMADGE, R. J., ROY, R. R., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Alterations in the glycinergic neurotransmitter system are associated with stepping behavior in neonatal spinal cord transected rats. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 22: 1397, 1996.
47. TILLAKARATNE, N.J.K., HODGSON, J. A., ROY, R. R., TOBIN, A. J., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Spinally transected adult cats show changes in glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) mRNA in lumbar spinal cord after locomotor or standing training. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21: 380, 1995.
48. TRILLER, A., CLUZEAUD, F., PFEIFFER, F., BETZ, H., AND KORN, H. Distribution of glycine receptors at central synapses: an immunoelectron microscopy study. J. Cell Biol. 101: 683-688, 1985.
49. VAN DEN POL, A. N. AND GORCS, T. Glycine and glycine receptor immunoreactivity in brain and spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 8: 472-492, 1988.