Immune reconstitution in HIV+ subjects on lopinavir/ritonavir-based HAART according to the severity of pre-therapy CD4+

Current HIV Research

Volumn 10, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 597-605

  Marchetti, Giulia ^a   Merlini, Esther ^a   Sinigaglia, Elisabetta ^b   Iannotti, Nathalie ^c   Bai, Francesca ^a   Savoldi, Alessia ^a   Tincati, Camilla ^a   Carpani, Giovanni ^b   Bini, Teresa ^a   Monforte, Antonella d'Arminio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^b SAN PAOLO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^c ABBOTT DIAGNOSTICS   (Italy)

Author keywords

HAART; Immune depression; Immune reconstitution; Late presenter; Microbial translocation; T cell activation

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; CD8 ANTIGEN; EMTRICITABINE PLUS TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL; INTERLEUKIN 7; LOPINAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR;

ADULT; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNE STATUS; MALE; MEMORY T LYMPHOCYTE; T LYMPHOCYTE;

EID: 84867631482     PISSN: 1570162X     EISSN: 18734251     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/157016212803306032     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. DHHS - Panel on Antiretroviral guidelines for Adults and Adolescents: Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. Department of Health and Human Services. 2010.
2. European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) guidelines 2010.
3. Carpenter CC, Cooper DA, Fischl MA, et al. Antiretroviral therapy in adults: updated recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA Panel. JAMA 2000; 283(3): 381-90.
4. Jain V, Deeks SG. When to start antiretroviral therapy. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2010; 7(2): 60-8.
5. Kitahata MM, Gange SJ, Abraham AG, et al. Effect of early vs deferred antiretroviral therapy for HIV on survival. N Engl J Med 2009; 360(18): 1815-26.
6. Egger M, May M, Chêne G, et al. Prognosis of HIV-1-infected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative analysis of prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360(9327): 119-29.
7. Althoff KN, Gange SJ, Klein MB, et al. Late presentation for human immunodeficiency virus care in the United States and Canada. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50(11): 1512-20.
8. Antinori A, Johnson M, Moreno S, Rockstroh JK, Yazdanpanah Y. Introduction to late presentation for HIV treatment in Europe. Antivir Ther 2010; 15 Suppl 1: 1-2.
9. Clumeck N, Pozniak A, Raffi F, Committee EE. European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) guidelines for the clinical management and treatment of HIV-infected adults. HIV Med 2008; 9(2): 65-71.
10. Gazzard BG, Anderson J, Babiker A, et al. British HIV Association Guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1-infected adults with antiretroviral therapy 2008. HIV Med 2008; 9(8): 563-608.
11. Hammer SM, Eron JJ, Reiss P, et al. Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection: 2008 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA panel. JAMA 2008; 300(5): 555-70.
12. Gatell J, editor. How to implement a consensus definition of Late presentation. HIV in Europe; 2009; Stockholm, Sweden.
13. Kaufmann GR, Furrer H, Ledergerber B, et al. Characteristics, determinants, and clinical relevance of CD4 T cell recovery to <500 cells/microL in HIV type 1-infected individuals receiving potent antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41(3): 361-72.
14. Kaufmann GR, Bloch M, Zaunders JJ, Smith D, Cooper DA. Longterm immunological response in HIV-1-infected subjects receiving potent antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2000; 14(8): 959-69.
15. Dragsted UB, Mocroft A, Vella S, et al. Predictors of immunological failure after initial response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected adults: a EuroSIDA study. J Infect Dis 2004; 190(1): 148-55.
16. Guihot A, Bourgarit A, Carcelain G, Autran B. Immune reconstitution after a decade of combined antiretroviral therapies for human immunodeficiency virus. Trends Immunol 2011; 32(3): 131-7.
17. Connick E, Lederman MM, Kotzin BL, et al. Immune reconstitution in the first year of potent antiretroviral therapy and its relationship to virologic response. J Infect Dis 2000; 181(1): 358-63.
18. D'Amico R, Yang Y, Mildvan D, et al. Lower CD4+ T lymphocyte nadirs may indicate limited immune reconstitution in HIV-1 infected individuals on potent antiretroviral therapy: analysis of immunophenotypic marker results of AACTG 5067. J Clin Immunol 2005; 25(2): 106-15.
19. Girardi E, Sabin CA, Monforte AD. Late diagnosis of HIV infection: epidemiological features, consequences and strategies to encourage earlier testing. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007; 46 Suppl 1: S3-8.
20. Rockstroh JK, Gatell J, Landman R, Antinori A. Management of late-presenting patients with HIV infection. Antivir Ther 2010; 15 Suppl 1: 25-30.
21. Mocroft A, Phillips AN, Ledergerber B, et al. Estimated average annual rate of change of CD4(+) T-cell counts in patients on combination antiretroviral therapy. Antivir Ther 2010; 15(4): 563-70.
22. Riddler SA, Haubrich R, DiRienzo AG, et al. Class-sparing regimens for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 2008; 358(20): 2095-106.
23. Squires K, Lazzarin A, Gatell JM, et al. Comparison of once-daily atazanavir with efavirenz, each in combination with fixed-dose zidovudine and lamivudine, as initial therapy for patients infected with HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004; 36(5): 1011-9.
24. Sierra-Madero J, Villasis-Keever A, Méndez P, et al. Prospective, randomized, open label trial of Efavirenz vs Lopinavir/Ritonavir in HIV+ treatment-naive subjects with CD4+<200 cell/mm3 in Mexico. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010; 53(5): 582-8.
25. Ratsela A, Polis M, Dhlomo S, et al. A randomized factorial trial comparing 4 treatment regimens in treatment-naive HIV-infected persons with AIDS and/or a CD4 cell count <200 cells/muL in South Africa. J Infect Dis 2010; 202(10): 1529-37.
26. Landay A, da Silva BA, King MS, et al. Evidence of ongoing immune reconstitution in subjects with sustained viral suppression following 6 years of lopinavir-ritonavir treatment. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44(5): 749-54.
27. Kaufmann GR, Perrin L, Pantaleo G, et al. CD4 T-lymphocyte recovery in individuals with advanced HIV-1 infection receiving potent antiretroviral therapy for 4 years: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163(18): 2187-95.
28. Robbins GK, Spritzler JG, Chan ES, et al. Incomplete reconstitution of T cell subsets on combination antiretroviral therapy in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 384. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48(3): 350-61.
29. Clement LT. Isoforms of the CD45 common leukocyte antigen family: markers for human T-cell differentiation. J Clin Immunol 1992; 12(1): 1-10.
30. Bofill M, Mocroft A, Lipman M, et al. Increased numbers of primed activated CD8+CD38+CD45RO+ T cells predict the decline of CD4+ T cells in HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS 1996; 10(8): 827-34.
31. Kaplan D, Sieg S. Role of the Fas/Fas ligand apoptotic pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease. J Virol 1998; 72(8): 6279-82.
32. Pan Z, Radding W, Zhou T, Hunter E, Mountz J, McDonald JM. Role of calmodulin in HIV-potentiated Fas-mediated apoptosis. Am J Pathol 1996; 149(3): 903-10.
33. Lee KH, Feig C, Tchikov V, et al. The role of receptor internalization in CD95 signaling. EMBO J 2006; 25(5): 1009-23.
34. Strauss G, Lindquist JA, Arhel N, et al. CD95 co-stimulation blocks activation of naive T cells by inhibiting T cell receptor signaling. J Exp Med 2009; 206(6): 1379-93.
35. Paulsen M, Janssen O. Pro-and anti-apoptotic CD95 signaling in T cells. Cell Commun Signal 2011; 9: 7.
36. Napolitano LA, Grant RM, Deeks SG, et al. Increased production of IL-7 accompanies HIV-1-mediated T-cell depletion: implications for T-cell homeostasis. Nat Med 2001; 7(1): 73-9.
37. Bellistrì GM, Casabianca A, Merlini E, et al. Increased bone marrow interleukin-7 (IL-7)/IL-7R levels but reduced IL-7 responsiveness in HIV-positive patients lacking CD4+ gain on antiviral therapy. PLoS One 2010; 5(12): e15663.
38. Carotenuto P, van Riel D, Artsen A, et al. Antiviral treatment with alpha interferon up-regulates CD14 on liver macrophages and its soluble form in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49(2): 590-9.
39. Triantafilou M, Triantafilou K. Lipopolysaccharide recognition: CD14, TLRs and the LPS-activation cluster. Trends Immunol 2002; 23(6): 301-4.
40. Miró JM, Manzardo C, Pich J, et al. Immune reconstitution in severely immunosuppressed antiretroviral-naive HIV type 1-infected patients using a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based or a boosted protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral regimen: three-year results (The Advanz Trial): a randomized, controlled trial. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2010; 26(7): 747-57.
41. Chou R, Fu R, Huffman LH, Korthuis PT. Initial highly-active antiretroviral therapy with a protease inhibitor vs a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor: discrepancies between direct and indirect meta-analyses. Lancet 2006; 368(9546): 1503-15.
42. Soria A, Lazzarin A. Antiretroviral treatment strategies and immune reconstitution in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients with advanced disease. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007; 46 Suppl 1: S19-30.