메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue , 2012, Pages 45-58

Effects of Cannabis sativa extract on haloperidol-induced catalepsy and oxidative stress in the mice

Author keywords

Cannabis sativa extract; Catalepsy; Haloperidol; Mice

Indexed keywords

CANNABIS; DRONABINOL; GLUCOSE; GLUTATHIONE; MALONALDEHYDE; NITRATE; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRITE;

EID: 84867604234     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16112156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 0035138027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: A brief review
    • Ashton CH. Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: A brief review. Br J Psychiat 2001;178:101-6.
    • (2001) Br J Psychiat , vol.178 , pp. 101-106
    • Ashton, C.H.1
  • 2
    • 67549100075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoid system: Emerging role from neurodevelopment to neurodegenera-tion
    • Basavarajappa BS, Nixon RA, Arancio O. Endocannabinoid system: emerging role from neurodevelopment to neurodegenera-tion. Mini Rev Med Chem 2009;9:448-62.
    • (2009) Mini Rev Med Chem , vol.9 , pp. 448-462
    • Basavarajappa, B.S.1    Nixon, R.A.2    Arancio, O.3
  • 3
    • 64849106877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of mediotemporal and ventrostriatal function in humans by Del-ta9-tetrahydrocannabinol: A neural basis for the effects of Cannabis sativa on learning and psychosis
    • Bhattacharyya S, Fusar-Poli P, Borgwardt S, Martin-Santos R, Nosarti C, O'Carroll C et al. Modulation of mediotemporal and ventrostriatal function in humans by Del-ta9-tetrahydrocannabinol: a neural basis for the effects of Cannabis sativa on learning and psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009; 66:442-51.
    • (2009) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 442-451
    • Bhattacharyya, S.1    Fusar-Poli, P.2    Borgwardt, S.3    Martin-Santos, R.4    Nosarti, C.5    O'Carroll, C.6
  • 5
    • 79551527283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and chronic cannabinoid extracts administration affects motor function in a CREAE model of multiple sclerosis
    • Buccellato E, Carretta D, Utan A, Cavina C, Speroni E, Grassi G et al. Acute and chronic cannabinoid extracts administration affects motor function in a CREAE model of multiple sclerosis. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;133:1033-8.
    • (2011) J Ethnopharmacol , vol.133 , pp. 1033-1038
    • Buccellato, E.1    Carretta, D.2    Utan, A.3    Cavina, C.4    Speroni, E.5    Grassi, G.6
  • 6
    • 74549138165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that the plant cannabinoid cannabigerol is a highly potent alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist and moderately potent 5HT1A receptor antago-nist
    • Cascio MG, Gauson LA, Stevenson LA, Ross RA, Pertwee RG. Evidence that the plant cannabinoid cannabigerol is a highly potent alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist and moderately potent 5HT1A receptor antago-nist. Br J Pharmacol 2010;159:129-41.
    • (2010) Br J Pharmacol , vol.159 , pp. 129-141
    • Cascio, M.G.1    Gauson, L.A.2    Stevenson, L.A.3    Ross, R.A.4    Pertwee, R.G.5
  • 7
    • 2342668029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids enhance subsecond dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of awake rats
    • Cheer JF, Wassum KM, Heien ML, Phillips PE, Wightman RM. Cannabinoids enhance subsecond dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of awake rats. J Neurosci 2004;24:4393-400.
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 4393-4400
    • Cheer, J.F.1    Wassum, K.M.2    Heien, M.L.3    Phillips, P.E.4    Wightman, R.M.5
  • 8
    • 0037218316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic potential of can-nabinoids in CNS disease
    • Croxford JL. Therapeutic potential of can-nabinoids in CNS disease. CNS Drugs 2003;17:179-202.
    • (2003) CNS Drugs , vol.17 , pp. 179-202
    • Croxford, J.L.1
  • 9
    • 78049362246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological evaluation of the nat-ural constituent of Cannabis sativa, canna-bichromene and its modulation by Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol
    • DeLong GT, Wolf CE, Poklis A, Lichtman AH. Pharmacological evaluation of the nat-ural constituent of Cannabis sativa, canna-bichromene and its modulation by Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol. Drug Alcohol De-pend 2010;112:126-33.
    • (2010) Drug Alcohol De-pend , vol.112 , pp. 126-133
    • DeLong, G.T.1    Wolf, C.E.2    Poklis, A.3    Lichtman, A.H.4
  • 10
    • 3042934967 scopus 로고
    • Tissue sulfhydryl groups
    • Ellman GL. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys 1959;82:70-7.
    • (1959) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.82 , pp. 70-77
    • Ellman, G.L.1
  • 11
    • 2442677617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental parkinsonism alters anandamide precursor synthesis, and functional deficits are improved by AM404: A modulator of endocannabinoid function
    • Fernandez-Espejo E, Caraballo I, Rodri-guez de Fonseca F, Ferrer B, El Banoua F, Flores JA et al. Experimental parkinsonism alters anandamide precursor synthesis, and functional deficits are improved by AM404: a modulator of endocannabinoid function. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;29:1134-42.
    • (2004) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.29 , pp. 1134-1142
    • Fernandez-Espejo, E.1    Caraballo, I.2    Rodri-guez de Fonseca, F.3    Ferrer, B.4    El Banoua, F.5    Flores, J.A.6
  • 13
    • 77953232046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity by cannabinoids
    • Fišar Z. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity by cannabinoids. NSArch Pharma-col 2010;381:563-72.
    • (2010) NSArch Pharma-col , vol.381 , pp. 563-572
    • Fišar, Z.1
  • 14
    • 0017105617 scopus 로고
    • Effect of tetrahydrocannabinols on 3H-acetylcholine biosynthesis in various rat brain slices
    • Friedman E, Hanin I, Gershon S. Effect of tetrahydrocannabinols on 3H-acetylcholine biosynthesis in various rat brain slices. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1976;196:339-45.
    • (1976) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.196 , pp. 339-345
    • Friedman, E.1    Hanin, I.2    Gershon, S.3
  • 17
    • 33947489961 scopus 로고
    • Isolation, structure and partial synthesis of an active constitu-ent of hashish
    • Gaoni Y, Mechoulam R. Isolation, structure and partial synthesis of an active constitu-ent of hashish. J Am Chem Soc 1964;86: 1646-7.
    • (1964) J Am Chem Soc , vol.86 , pp. 1646-1647
    • Gaoni, Y.1    Mechoulam, R.2
  • 19
    • 0030980893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of hippocampal acetylcholine release by cannabinoids: Reversal by SR 141716A
    • Gessa GL, Mascia MS, Casu MA, Carta G. Inhibition of hippocampal acetylcholine release by cannabinoids: reversal by SR 141716A. Eur J Pharmacol 1997;327:R1-R2.
    • (1997) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.327
    • Gessa, G.L.1    Mascia, M.S.2    Casu, M.A.3    Carta, G.4
  • 20
    • 33846066404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol protects hip-pocampal neurons from excitotoxicity
    • Gilbert GL, Kim HJ, Waataja JJ, Thayer SA. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol protects hip-pocampal neurons from excitotoxicity. Brain Res 2007;1128:61-9.
    • (2007) Brain Res , vol.1128 , pp. 61-69
    • Gilbert, G.L.1    Kim, H.J.2    Waataja, J.J.3    Thayer, S.A.4
  • 21
    • 0028792111 scopus 로고
    • Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue dam-age
    • Gutteridge JMC. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue dam-age. Clin Chem 1995;41:1819-28.
    • (1995) Clin Chem , vol.41 , pp. 1819-1828
    • Gutteridge, J.M.C.1
  • 22
    • 0032493197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol and (-)Delta9-tetrahydro-cannabinol are neuroprotective antioxi-dants
    • Hampson AJ, Grimaldi M, Axelrod J, Wink D. Cannabidiol and (-)Delta9-tetrahydro-cannabinol are neuroprotective antioxi-dants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95: 8268-73.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , pp. 8268-8273
    • Hampson, A.J.1    Grimaldi, M.2    Axelrod, J.3    Wink, D.4
  • 24
    • 0017644251 scopus 로고
    • In vivo metabolism of cannabinol by the mouse and rat and a comparison with the metabolism of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol
    • Harvey DJ, Martin BR, Paton WDM. In vivo metabolism of cannabinol by the mouse and rat and a comparison with the metabolism of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. Biol Mass Spectrom 1977;4: 364-70.
    • (1977) Biol Mass Spectrom , vol.4 , pp. 364-370
    • Harvey, D.J.1    Martin, B.R.2    Paton, W.D.M.3
  • 25
    • 37349071370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol potentiates pharmacological effects of Del-ta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol via CB(1) recep-tor-dependent mechanism
    • Hayakawa K, Mishima K, Hazekawa M, Sano K, Irie K, Orito K et al. Cannabidiol potentiates pharmacological effects of Del-ta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol via CB(1) recep-tor-dependent mechanism. Brain Res 2008; 1188:157-64.
    • (2008) Brain Res , vol.1188 , pp. 157-164
    • Hayakawa, K.1    Mishima, K.2    Hazekawa, M.3    Sano, K.4    Irie, K.5    Orito, K.6
  • 26
    • 78249232046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review on clinical studies with cannabis and canna-binoids 2005-2009
    • Hazekamp A, Grotenhermen F. Review on clinical studies with cannabis and canna-binoids 2005-2009. Cannabinoids 2010; 5(special issue):1-21.
    • (2010) Cannabinoids , vol.5 , Issue.SPEC. ISSUE , pp. 1-21
    • Hazekamp, A.1    Grotenhermen, F.2
  • 27
    • 0029098028 scopus 로고
    • Catalepsy as a rodent model for detecting antipsychotic drugs with extrapyramidal side effect liabil-ity
    • Hoffman DC, Donovan H. Catalepsy as a rodent model for detecting antipsychotic drugs with extrapyramidal side effect liabil-ity. Psychopharmacology 1995;120:128-33.
    • (1995) Psychopharmacology , vol.120 , pp. 128-133
    • Hoffman, D.C.1    Donovan, H.2
  • 28
    • 62949115816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ther-apeutic potential of alpha2 adrenoceptor antagonism for antipsychotic-induced ex-trapyramidal motor disorders
    • Imaki J, Mae Y, Shimizu S, Ohno Y. Ther-apeutic potential of alpha2 adrenoceptor antagonism for antipsychotic-induced ex-trapyramidal motor disorders. Neurosci Lett 2009;454:143-7.
    • (2009) Neurosci Lett , vol.454 , pp. 143-147
    • Imaki, J.1    Mae, Y.2    Shimizu, S.3    Ohno, Y.4
  • 30
    • 0032072886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New atypical anti-psychotic medications
    • Jibson MD, Tandon R. New atypical anti-psychotic medications. J Psychiatr Res 1998;32:215-28.
    • (1998) J Psychiatr Res , vol.32 , pp. 215-228
    • Jibson, M.D.1    Tandon, R.2
  • 31
    • 0015817954 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological interaction between cannabidiol and delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol
    • Karniol G, Carlini EA. Pharmacological interaction between cannabidiol and delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Psychopharmaco-logia 1973;33:53-70.
    • (1973) Psychopharmaco-logia , vol.33 , pp. 53-70
    • Karniol, G.1    Carlini, E.A.2
  • 32
    • 0023070393 scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic involvement in cata-lepsy induced by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
    • Kataoka Y, Ohta H, Fujiwara M, Oishi R, Ueki S. Noradrenergic involvement in cata-lepsy induced by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Neuropharmacology 1987;26:55-60.
    • (1987) Neuropharmacology , vol.26 , pp. 55-60
    • Kataoka, Y.1    Ohta, H.2    Fujiwara, M.3    Oishi, R.4    Ueki, S.5
  • 34
    • 79957583218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CB-1 receptors modulate the effect of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, citalopram on extracellular serotonin levels in the rat prefrontal cortex
    • Kleijn J, Cremers TI, Hofland CM, Wester-ink BH. CB-1 receptors modulate the effect of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, citalopram on extracellular serotonin levels in the rat prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Res 2011;70:334-7.
    • (2011) Neurosci Res , vol.70 , pp. 334-337
    • Kleijn, J.1    Cremers, T.I.2    Hofland, C.M.3    Wester-ink, B.H.4
  • 35
    • 72549092256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole plant can-nabis extracts in the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review
    • Lakhan SE, Rowland M. Whole plant can-nabis extracts in the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. BMC Neurology 2009;9:59.
    • (2009) BMC Neurology , vol.9 , pp. 59
    • Lakhan, S.E.1    Rowland, M.2
  • 36
    • 33747624175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-tumor activity of plant cannabinoids with emphasis on the effect of cannabidiol on human breast carcinoma
    • Ligresti A, Moriello AS, Starowicz K, Ma-tias I, Pisanti S, De Petrocellis L et al. Anti-tumor activity of plant cannabinoids with emphasis on the effect of cannabidiol on human breast carcinoma. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;318:1375-87.
    • (2006) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.318 , pp. 1375-1387
    • Ligresti, A.1    Moriello, A.S.2    Starowicz, K.3    Ma-tias, I.4    Pisanti, S.5    De Petrocellis, L.6
  • 37
    • 77957228353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A behav-ioural comparison of acute and chronic Del-ta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol in C57BL/6JArc mice
    • Long LE, Chesworth R, Huang XF, McGregor IS, Arnold JC, Karl T. A behav-ioural comparison of acute and chronic Del-ta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol in C57BL/6JArc mice. Int J Neuropsycho-pharmacol 2010;13:861-76.
    • (2010) Int J Neuropsycho-pharmacol , vol.13 , pp. 861-876
    • Long, L.E.1    Chesworth, R.2    Huang, X.F.3    McGregor, I.S.4    Arnold, J.C.5    Karl, T.6
  • 38
    • 0142216124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haloperidol, but not clozapine, produces dramatic catalepsy in D9-THC-treated rats: Possible clinical implications
    • Marchese G, Casti P, Ruiu S, Saba PL, Sanna A, Casu GL et al. Haloperidol, but not clozapine, produces dramatic catalepsy in D9-THC-treated rats: possible clinical implications. Br J Pharmacol 2003;140: 520-6.
    • (2003) Br J Pharmacol , vol.140 , pp. 520-526
    • Marchese, G.1    Casti, P.2    Ruiu, S.3    Saba, P.L.4    Sanna, A.5    Casu, G.L.6
  • 39
    • 0029856343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular responses to psychomotor stimulant and neuroleptic drugs are abnor-mal in mice lacking the D1 dopamine re-ceptor
    • Moratalla R, Xu M, Tonegawa S, Graybiel AM. Cellular responses to psychomotor stimulant and neuroleptic drugs are abnor-mal in mice lacking the D1 dopamine re-ceptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93: 14928-33.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 14928-14933
    • Moratalla, R.1    Xu, M.2    Tonegawa, S.3    Graybiel, A.M.4
  • 40
    • 0029033537 scopus 로고
    • Nitrite and nitrate determination in plasma: A crit-ical evaluation
    • Moshage H, Kok B, Huizenga JR. Nitrite and nitrate determination in plasma: A crit-ical evaluation. Clin Chem 1995;41:892-6.
    • (1995) Clin Chem , vol.41 , pp. 892-896
    • Moshage, H.1    Kok, B.2    Huizenga, J.R.3
  • 42
    • 33747344749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation between in vivo occupancy and functional antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors: Comparing aripiprazole to other antipsychotics in animal models
    • Natesan S, Reckless GE, Nobrega JN et al. Dissociation between in vivo occupancy and functional antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors: comparing aripiprazole to other antipsychotics in animal models. Neuropsy-chopharmacology 2006;31:1854-63.
    • (2006) Neuropsy-chopharmacology , vol.31 , pp. 1854-1863
    • Natesan, S.1    Reckless, G.E.2    Nobrega, J.N.3
  • 43
    • 0015445325 scopus 로고
    • The ring test: A quantitative method for assessing the 'cataleptic' effect of cannabis in mice
    • Pertwee RG. The ring test: a quantitative method for assessing the 'cataleptic' effect of cannabis in mice. Br J Pharmac 1972;46: 753-63.
    • (1972) Br J Pharmac , vol.46 , pp. 753-763
    • Pertwee, R.G.1
  • 44
    • 84884474728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological actions of cannabinoids
    • Pertwee RG. Pharmacological actions of cannabinoids. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2005;168:1-51.
    • (2005) Handb Exp Pharmacol , vol.168 , pp. 1-51
    • Pertwee, R.G.1
  • 45
    • 38349158960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diverse CB1 and CB2 re-ceptor pharmacology of three plant canna-binoids: Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, can-nabidiol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin
    • Pertwee RG. The diverse CB1 and CB2 re-ceptor pharmacology of three plant canna-binoids: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, can-nabidiol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin. Br J Pharmacol 2008;153:199-215.
    • (2008) Br J Pharmacol , vol.153 , pp. 199-215
    • Pertwee, R.G.1
  • 46
    • 0023943548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced catalepsy in mice is enhanced by pretreatment with flu-razepam or chlordiazepoxide
    • Pertwee RG, Greentree SG. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced catalepsy in mice is enhanced by pretreatment with flu-razepam or chlordiazepoxide. Neurophar-macology 1998;27:485-91.
    • (1998) Neurophar-macology , vol.27 , pp. 485-491
    • Pertwee, R.G.1    Greentree, S.G.2
  • 49
    • 0037174823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-HT1A receptor activation and anti-cataleptic effects: High-efficacy agonists maximally inhibit haloperidol-induced cata-lepsy
    • Prinssen EP, Colpaert FC, Koek W. 5-HT1A receptor activation and anti-cataleptic effects: high-efficacy agonists maximally inhibit haloperidol-induced cata-lepsy. Eur J Pharmacol 2002;453:217-21.
    • (2002) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.453 , pp. 217-221
    • Prinssen, E.P.1    Colpaert, F.C.2    Koek, W.3
  • 50
    • 0018166750 scopus 로고
    • Effect of cannabinoids on the turnover rate of acetylcholine in rat hippocampus, striatum and cortex
    • Revuelta AV, Moroni F, Cheney DL, Costa E. Effect of cannabinoids on the turnover rate of acetylcholine in rat hippocampus, striatum and cortex. NS Arch Pharmacol 1978;304:107-10.
    • (1978) NS Arch Pharmacol , vol.304 , pp. 107-110
    • Revuelta, A.V.1    Moroni, F.2    Cheney, D.L.3    Costa, E.4
  • 51
    • 67349135787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychomotor performance in relation to acute oral admin-istration of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and standardized cannabis extract in healthy human subjects
    • Roser P, Gallinat J, Weinberg G, Juckel G, Gorynia I, Stadelmann AM. Psychomotor performance in relation to acute oral admin-istration of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and standardized cannabis extract in healthy human subjects. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009;259:284-92.
    • (2009) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.259 , pp. 284-292
    • Roser, P.1    Gallinat, J.2    Weinberg, G.3    Juckel, G.4    Gorynia, I.5    Stadelmann, A.M.6
  • 52
    • 0028298701 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant effects of es-tradiol and 2-hydroxyestradiol on iron-induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver mi-crosomes
    • Ruiz-Larrea MB, Leal AM, Liza M, Lacort M, de Groot H. Antioxidant effects of es-tradiol and 2-hydroxyestradiol on iron-induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver mi-crosomes. Steroids 1994;59:383-8.
    • (1994) Steroids , vol.59 , pp. 383-388
    • Ruiz-Larrea, M.B.1    Leal, A.M.2    Liza, M.3    Lacort, M.4    de Groot, H.5
  • 53
    • 28844489930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tale of two canna-binoids: The therapeutic rationale for com-bining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidi-ol
    • Russo E, Guy GW. A tale of two canna-binoids: The therapeutic rationale for com-bining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidi-ol. Medical Hypotheses 2006;66:234-46.
    • (2006) Medical Hypotheses , vol.66 , pp. 234-246
    • Russo, E.1    Guy, G.W.2
  • 54
    • 0037321873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis is more than simply D9-tetrahydrocannabinol
    • Russo EB, McPartland JM. Cannabis is more than simply D9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Psychopharmacology 2003;165:431-2.
    • (2003) Psychopharmacology , vol.165 , pp. 431-432
    • Russo, E.B.1    McPartland, J.M.2
  • 55
    • 37849040422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced catalepsy-like immobilization is mediated by de-creased 5-HT neurotransmission in the nu-cleus accumbens due to the action of glu-tamate-containing neurons
    • Sano K, Mishima K, Koushi E, Orito K, Egashira N, Irie K et al. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced catalepsy-like immobilization is mediated by de-creased 5-HT neurotransmission in the nu-cleus accumbens due to the action of glu-tamate-containing neurons. Neuroscience 2008;151:320-8.
    • (2008) Neuroscience , vol.151 , pp. 320-328
    • Sano, K.1    Mishima, K.2    Koushi, E.3    Orito, K.4    Egashira, N.5    Irie, K.6
  • 56
    • 79955663620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • THC and CBD oromucosal spray (Sativex A®) in the management of spastic-ity associated with multiple sclerosis
    • Sastre-Garriga J, Vila C, Clissold S, Mon-talban X. THC and CBD oromucosal spray (Sativex A®) in the management of spastic-ity associated with multiple sclerosis. Ex-pert Rev Neurother 2011;11:627-37.
    • (2011) Ex-pert Rev Neurother , vol.11 , pp. 627-637
    • Sastre-Garriga, J.1    Vila, C.2    Clissold, S.3    Mon-talban, X.4
  • 57
    • 0033429326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of Parkinsonian signs in pa-tients with Parkinson's disease by dopamin-ergic versus anticholinergic single-dose challenges
    • Schrag A, Schelosky L, Scholz U, Poewe W. Reduction of Parkinsonian signs in pa-tients with Parkinson's disease by dopamin-ergic versus anticholinergic single-dose challenges. Mov Disord 1999;14:252-5.
    • (1999) Mov Disord , vol.14 , pp. 252-255
    • Schrag, A.1    Schelosky, L.2    Scholz, U.3    Poewe, W.4
  • 58
    • 33645829621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial treatment of Parkinson's disease
    • Tarsy D. Initial treatment of Parkinson's disease. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2006;8: 224-35.
    • (2006) Curr Treat Options Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 224-235
    • Tarsy, D.1
  • 59
    • 34548481515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytocanna-binoids in Cannabis sativa: Recent studies on biosynthetic enzymes
    • Taura F, Sirikantaramas S, Shoyama Y, Shoyama Y, Morimoto S. Phytocanna-binoids in Cannabis sativa: recent studies on biosynthetic enzymes. Chem Biodiv 2007;4:1649-63.
    • (2007) Chem Biodiv , vol.4 , pp. 1649-1663
    • Taura, F.1    Sirikantaramas, S.2    Shoyama, Y.3    Shoyama, Y.4    Morimoto, S.5
  • 60
    • 27844460166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural cannabinoids: Templates for drug discovery
    • Thakur GA, Duclos RI, Makriyannis A. Natural cannabinoids: templates for drug discovery. Life Sci 2005;78:454-66.
    • (2005) Life Sci , vol.78 , pp. 454-466
    • Thakur, G.A.1    Duclos, R.I.2    Makriyannis, A.3
  • 61
    • 62249214963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosine antagonists reverse the catalep-tic effects of haloperidol: Implications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
    • Trevitt J, Vallance C, Harris A, Goode T. Adenosine antagonists reverse the catalep-tic effects of haloperidol: implications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Phar-macol Biochem Behav 2009;92:521-7.
    • (2009) Phar-macol Biochem Behav , vol.92 , pp. 521-527
    • Trevitt, J.1    Vallance, C.2    Harris, A.3    Goode, T.4
  • 62
    • 0003072603 scopus 로고
    • Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alter-native oxygen acceptor
    • Trinder P. Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alter-native oxygen acceptor. Ann Clin Biochem 1969;6:24-5.
    • (1969) Ann Clin Biochem , vol.6 , pp. 24-25
    • Trinder, P.1
  • 63
    • 0023277324 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cannabinoids on levels of acetylcholine and choline and on turnover rate of acetylcholine in various regions of the mouse brain
    • Tripathi HL, Vocci FJ, Brase DA, Dewey WL. Effects of cannabinoids on levels of acetylcholine and choline and on turnover rate of acetylcholine in various regions of the mouse brain. Alcohol Drug Res 1987;7:525-32.
    • (1987) Alcohol Drug Res , vol.7 , pp. 525-532
    • Tripathi, H.L.1    Vocci, F.J.2    Brase, D.A.3    Dewey, W.L.4
  • 64
    • 34247526258 scopus 로고
    • Separation of ac-id and neutral cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. using HPLC
    • In: Agurell S, Dew-ey WL, Willete RE (eds.):, Orlando, Fla: Academic Press Inc
    • Turner JC, Mahlberg PG. Separation of ac-id and neutral cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. using HPLC. In: Agurell S, Dew-ey WL, Willete RE (eds.): The canna-binoids: chemical, pharmacologic and ther-apeutic aspects (pp 79-88). Orlando, Fla: Academic Press Inc, 1984.
    • (1984) The canna-binoids: Chemical, pharmacologic and ther-apeutic aspects , pp. 79-88
    • Turner, J.C.1    Mahlberg, P.G.2
  • 65
    • 0035437865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection by Delta 9-tetrahydro-cannabinol, the main active compound in marijuana, against ouabain-induced in vivo excitotoxicity
    • van der Stelt M, Veldhuis WB, Bär PR, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JF, Nicolay K. Neuroprotection by Delta 9-tetrahydro-cannabinol, the main active compound in marijuana, against ouabain-induced in vivo excitotoxicity. J Neurosci 2001;21:6475-9.
    • (2001) J Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 6475-6479
    • van der Stelt, M.1    Veldhuis, W.B.2    Bär, P.R.3    Veldink, G.A.4    Vliegenthart, J.F.5    Nicolay, K.6
  • 67
    • 79958809001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-tumoral action of cannabinoids on hepato-cellular carcinoma: Role of AMPK-depend-ent activation of autophagy
    • Vara D, Salazar M, Olea-Herrero N, Guz-mán M, Velasco G, Díaz-Laviada I. Anti-tumoral action of cannabinoids on hepato-cellular carcinoma: role of AMPK-depend-ent activation of autophagy. Cell Death Dif-fer 2011;18:1099-111.
    • (2011) Cell Death Dif-fer , vol.18 , pp. 1099-1111
    • Vara, D.1    Salazar, M.2    Olea-Herrero, N.3    Guz-mán, M.4    Velasco, G.5    Díaz-Laviada, I.6
  • 68
    • 23044447712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Δ9-tetra-hydrocannbinol accounts for the antino-ciceptive, hypothermic, and cataleptic effects of marijuana in mice
    • Varvel SA, Bridgen DT, Tao Q, Thomas BF, Martin BR, Lichtman AH. Δ9-tetra-hydrocannbinol accounts for the antino-ciceptive, hypothermic, and cataleptic effects of marijuana in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005;314:329-37.
    • (2005) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.314 , pp. 329-337
    • Varvel, S.A.1    Bridgen, D.T.2    Tao, Q.3    Thomas, B.F.4    Martin, B.R.5    Lichtman, A.H.6
  • 69
    • 4644341666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey on cannabis use in Parkinson's disease: Subjective improve-ment of motor symptoms
    • Venderová K, Růzicka E, Vorísek V, Visnovský P. Survey on cannabis use in Parkinson's disease: subjective improve-ment of motor symptoms. Mov Disord 2004;19:1102-6.
    • (2004) Mov Disord , vol.19 , pp. 1102-1106
    • Venderová, K.1    Růzicka, E.2    Vorísek, V.3    Visnovský, P.4
  • 71
    • 0034783501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine D2 receptor occu-pancy is a common mechanism underlying animal models of antipsychotics and their clinical effects
    • Wadenberg ML, Soliman A, VanderSpek SC, Kapur S. Dopamine D2 receptor occu-pancy is a common mechanism underlying animal models of antipsychotics and their clinical effects. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001;25:633-41.
    • (2001) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.25 , pp. 633-641
    • Wadenberg, M.L.1    Soliman, A.2    VanderSpek, S.C.3    Kapur, S.4
  • 72
    • 33847633815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of tet-rahydrocannabinols and cannabinol by hu-man hepatic microsomes
    • Watanabe K, Yamaori S, Funahashi T, Ki-mura T, Yamamoto I. Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of tet-rahydrocannabinols and cannabinol by hu-man hepatic microsomes. Life Sci 2007;80: 1415-9.
    • (2007) Life Sci , vol.80 , pp. 1415-1419
    • Watanabe, K.1    Yamaori, S.2    Funahashi, T.3    Ki-mura, T.4    Yamamoto, I.5
  • 74
    • 0346122937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology and toxicology of major constituents of marijuana-On the metabolic activation of cannabinoids and its mecha-nism
    • Yamamoto I, Watanabe K, Matsunaga T, Kimura T, Funahashi T, Yoshimura H. Pharmacology and toxicology of major constituents of marijuana-On the metabolic activation of cannabinoids and its mecha-nism. J Toxicol 2003;22:577-89.
    • (2003) J Toxicol , vol.22 , pp. 577-589
    • Yamamoto, I.1    Watanabe, K.2    Matsunaga, T.3    Kimura, T.4    Funahashi, T.5    Yoshimura, H.6
  • 75
    • 79951751577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of canna-binoids in multiple sclerosis
    • Zajicek JP, Apostu VI. Role of canna-binoids in multiple sclerosis. CNS Drugs 2011;25:187-201.
    • (2011) CNS Drugs , vol.25 , pp. 187-201
    • Zajicek, J.P.1    Apostu, V.I.2
  • 76
    • 74549165354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidepressant-like effects of cannabidiol in mice: Possible involvement of 5-HT1A receptors
    • Zanelati TV, Biojone C, Moreira FA, Guimarães FS, Joca SRL. Antidepressant-like effects of cannabidiol in mice: possible involvement of 5-HT1A receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2010;159:122-8.
    • (2010) Br J Pharmacol , vol.159 , pp. 122-128
    • Zanelati, T.V.1    Biojone, C.2    Moreira, F.A.3    Guimarães, F.S.4    Joca, S.R.L.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.