메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 353-354, Issue , 2012, Pages 253-269

Reconciling dynamic and seismic models of Earth's lower mantle: The dominant role of thermal heterogeneity

Author keywords

Earth structure; Mantle composition; Mantle dynamics; Plumes; Seismic heterogeneity; Seismic tomography

Indexed keywords

EARTH STRUCTURES; MANTLE COMPOSITION; MANTLE DYNAMICS; PLUMES; SEISMIC HETEROGENEITY; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY;

EID: 84866526156     PISSN: 0012821X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.08.016     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (209)

References (141)
  • 1
    • 34548606851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature and composition of the Earth's core
    • Alfè D., Gillan M.J., Price G.D. Temperature and composition of the Earth's core. Contemp. Phys. 2007, 48:63-80.
    • (2007) Contemp. Phys. , vol.48 , pp. 63-80
    • Alfè, D.1    Gillan, M.J.2    Price, G.D.3
  • 2
    • 0037091636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron under Earth's core conditions: liquid-state thermodynamics and high-pressure melting curve from ab initio calculations
    • Alfè D., Price G.D., Gillan M.J. Iron under Earth's core conditions: liquid-state thermodynamics and high-pressure melting curve from ab initio calculations. Contemp. Phys. B 2002, 65:165118-165129.
    • (2002) Contemp. Phys. B , vol.65 , pp. 165118-165129
    • Alfè, D.1    Price, G.D.2    Gillan, M.J.3
  • 5
    • 77953013410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-principles constraints on diffusion in lower-mantle minerals and a weak D" layer
    • Ammann M.W., Brodholt J.P., Wookey J., Dobson D.P. First-principles constraints on diffusion in lower-mantle minerals and a weak D" layer. Nature 2010, 465:251-267.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.465 , pp. 251-267
    • Ammann, M.W.1    Brodholt, J.P.2    Wookey, J.3    Dobson, D.P.4
  • 7
    • 3142674913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic transitions in perovskite: possible non-convecting layers in the lower mantle
    • Badro J., Rueff J., Vankó G., Monaco G., Fiquet G., Guyot F. Electronic transitions in perovskite: possible non-convecting layers in the lower mantle. Science 2004, 305:383-386.
    • (2004) Science , vol.305 , pp. 383-386
    • Badro, J.1    Rueff, J.2    Vankó, G.3    Monaco, G.4    Fiquet, G.5    Guyot, F.6
  • 8
    • 0001124450 scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional treatment of convective flow in the Earth's mantle
    • Baumgardner J.R. Three-dimensional treatment of convective flow in the Earth's mantle. J. Stat. Phys. 1985, 39:501-511.
    • (1985) J. Stat. Phys. , vol.39 , pp. 501-511
    • Baumgardner, J.R.1
  • 9
    • 84861880544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of tomographic and geodynamic mantle models
    • Paper number 2001GC000168
    • Becker T.W., Boschi L. A comparison of tomographic and geodynamic mantle models. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. 2002, 3:5555. Paper number 2001GC000168.
    • (2002) Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. , vol.3 , pp. 5555
    • Becker, T.W.1    Boschi, L.2
  • 10
    • 0034463194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-pressure experiments and the phase diagram of lower mantle and core materials
    • Boehler R. High-pressure experiments and the phase diagram of lower mantle and core materials. Rev. Geophys. 2000, 38:221-245.
    • (2000) Rev. Geophys. , vol.38 , pp. 221-245
    • Boehler, R.1
  • 11
    • 55749095175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiple-system study of the geochemical evolution of the mantle with force-balanced plates and thermochemical effects
    • Brandenburg J.P., Hauri E.H., van Keken P.E., Ballentine C.J. A multiple-system study of the geochemical evolution of the mantle with force-balanced plates and thermochemical effects. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2008, 276:1-13.
    • (2008) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.276 , pp. 1-13
    • Brandenburg, J.P.1    Hauri, E.H.2    van Keken, P.E.3    Ballentine, C.J.4
  • 12
    • 34548385675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep storage of oceanic crust in a vigorously convecting mantle
    • Brandenburg J.P., van Keken P.E. Deep storage of oceanic crust in a vigorously convecting mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:B06403.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • Brandenburg, J.P.1    van Keken, P.E.2
  • 13
    • 35148892821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical versus thermal heterogeneity in the lower mantle. the most likely role of anelasticity
    • Brodholt J.P., Hellfrich G., Trampert J. Chemical versus thermal heterogeneity in the lower mantle. the most likely role of anelasticity. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2007, 262:429-437.
    • (2007) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.262 , pp. 429-437
    • Brodholt, J.P.1    Hellfrich, G.2    Trampert, J.3
  • 14
    • 0037098797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of heat flow in the deep mantle based on the power requirements for the geodynamo
    • Buffett B.A. Estimates of heat flow in the deep mantle based on the power requirements for the geodynamo. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2002, 29:4PP.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29
    • Buffett, B.A.1
  • 15
    • 60649120408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic tomography of plume clusters and thermochemical piles
    • Bull A.L., McNamara A.K., Ritsema J. Synthetic tomography of plume clusters and thermochemical piles. Earth Planet. Sci Lett. 2009, 278:152-156.
    • (2009) Earth Planet. Sci Lett. , vol.278 , pp. 152-156
    • Bull, A.L.1    McNamara, A.K.2    Ritsema, J.3
  • 16
    • 28444453636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low plume excess temperature and high core heat flux inferred from non-adiabatic geotherms in internally heated mantle circulation models
    • Bunge H.-P. Low plume excess temperature and high core heat flux inferred from non-adiabatic geotherms in internally heated mantle circulation models. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 2005, 153:3-10.
    • (2005) Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , vol.153 , pp. 3-10
    • Bunge, H.-P.1
  • 17
    • 0042477473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 8 Rayleigh number: effects of depth-dependent viscosity, heating mode and an endothermic phase change
    • 8 Rayleigh number: effects of depth-dependent viscosity, heating mode and an endothermic phase change. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102:11991-12007.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 11991-12007
    • Bunge, H.-P.1    Richards, M.A.2    Baumgardner, J.R.3
  • 19
    • 36849040479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plume generation zones at the margins of large low shear velocity provinces on the core-mantle-boundary
    • Burke K., Steinberger B., Torsvik T.H., Smethurst M.A. Plume generation zones at the margins of large low shear velocity provinces on the core-mantle-boundary. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2008, 265:49-60.
    • (2008) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.265 , pp. 49-60
    • Burke, K.1    Steinberger, B.2    Torsvik, T.H.3    Smethurst, M.A.4
  • 20
    • 7044286125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Derivation of large igneous provinces of the past 200 million years from long-term heterogeneities in the deep mantle
    • Burke K., Torsvik T.H. Derivation of large igneous provinces of the past 200 million years from long-term heterogeneities in the deep mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2004, 227:531-538.
    • (2004) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.227 , pp. 531-538
    • Burke, K.1    Torsvik, T.H.2
  • 22
    • 72049123535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thickness and Clapeyron slope of the post-perovskite boundary
    • Catalli K., Shim S., Prakapenka V. Thickness and Clapeyron slope of the post-perovskite boundary. Nature 2009, 462:782-785.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.462 , pp. 782-785
    • Catalli, K.1    Shim, S.2    Prakapenka, V.3
  • 23
    • 0027039645 scopus 로고
    • Thermal expansivity in the lower mantle
    • Chopelas A., Boehler R. Thermal expansivity in the lower mantle. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1992, 19:1983-1986.
    • (1992) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 1983-1986
    • Chopelas, A.1    Boehler, R.2
  • 24
    • 0028564442 scopus 로고
    • Segregation of subducted oceanic crust in the mantle
    • Christensen U.R., Hofmann A.W. Segregation of subducted oceanic crust in the mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 1994, 99:19867-19884.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 19867-19884
    • Christensen, U.R.1    Hofmann, A.W.2
  • 25
    • 72049102865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermochemical interpretation of 1-D seismic data for the lower mantle. the significance of non-adiabatic thermal gradients and compositional heterogeneity
    • Cobden L., Goes S., Ravenna M., Styles E., Cammarano F., Gallagher K., Connolly J.A.D. Thermochemical interpretation of 1-D seismic data for the lower mantle. the significance of non-adiabatic thermal gradients and compositional heterogeneity. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114:B11309.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Cobden, L.1    Goes, S.2    Ravenna, M.3    Styles, E.4    Cammarano, F.5    Gallagher, K.6    Connolly, J.A.D.7
  • 26
    • 0033490787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochemical observations and one layer mantle convection
    • Coltice N., Ricard Y. Geochemical observations and one layer mantle convection. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1999, 174:125-137.
    • (1999) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.174 , pp. 125-137
    • Coltice, N.1    Ricard, Y.2
  • 27
    • 38549118869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elasticity of (Mg,Fe)O through the spin transition of Iron in the lower mantle
    • Crowhurst J.C., Brown J.M., Goncharov A.F., Jacobsen S.D. Elasticity of (Mg,Fe)O through the spin transition of Iron in the lower mantle. Science 2008, 319:451-453.
    • (2008) Science , vol.319 , pp. 451-453
    • Crowhurst, J.C.1    Brown, J.M.2    Goncharov, A.F.3    Jacobsen, S.D.4
  • 28
    • 0033576642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous generation of hotspots and superswells by convection in a heterogeneous planetary mantle
    • Davaille A. Simultaneous generation of hotspots and superswells by convection in a heterogeneous planetary mantle. Nature 1999, 402:756-760.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 756-760
    • Davaille, A.1
  • 29
    • 58649124070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermally-driven mantle plumes reconcile multiple hot-spot observations
    • Davies D.R., Davies J.H. Thermally-driven mantle plumes reconcile multiple hot-spot observations. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2009, 278:50-54.
    • (2009) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.278 , pp. 50-54
    • Davies, D.R.1    Davies, J.H.2
  • 30
    • 79958781166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluidity. a fully unstructured anisotropic adaptive mesh computational modeling framework for geodynamics
    • Davies D.R., Wilson C.R., Kramer S.C. Fluidity. a fully unstructured anisotropic adaptive mesh computational modeling framework for geodynamics. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. 2011, 120:Q06001.
    • (2011) Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. , vol.120
    • Davies, D.R.1    Wilson, C.R.2    Kramer, S.C.3
  • 32
    • 70350117223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconciling the geophysical and geochemical mantles: plume flows, heterogeneities and disequilibrium
    • Davies G.F. Reconciling the geophysical and geochemical mantles: plume flows, heterogeneities and disequilibrium. Geochem. Geophy. Geosyst. 2009, 10:Q10008.
    • (2009) Geochem. Geophy. Geosyst. , vol.10
    • Davies, G.F.1
  • 34
    • 0034745083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismically 'fast' geodynamic mantle models
    • Davies J.H., Bunge H.P. Seismically 'fast' geodynamic mantle models. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28:73-76.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 73-76
    • Davies, J.H.1    Bunge, H.P.2
  • 35
    • 77950596042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal conductivity of MgO at high pressure. implications for the D" region
    • de Koker N. Thermal conductivity of MgO at high pressure. implications for the D" region. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2010, 292:392-398.
    • (2010) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.292 , pp. 392-398
    • de Koker, N.1
  • 38
    • 55649086408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the model space of thermo-chemical convection. (i) principles and influence of the rheological parameters
    • Deschamps F., Tackley P.J. Exploring the model space of thermo-chemical convection. (i) principles and influence of the rheological parameters. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 2008, 171:357-373.
    • (2008) Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , vol.171 , pp. 357-373
    • Deschamps, F.1    Tackley, P.J.2
  • 39
    • 68349129898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for models of thermo-chemical convection that explain probabilistic tomography. (ii) influence of physical and compositional parameters
    • Deschamps F., Tackley P.J. Searching for models of thermo-chemical convection that explain probabilistic tomography. (ii) influence of physical and compositional parameters. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 2009, 176:1-18.
    • (2009) Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , vol.176 , pp. 1-18
    • Deschamps, F.1    Tackley, P.J.2
  • 40
    • 0025964584 scopus 로고
    • Hotspots, mantle plumes, flood basalts and true polar wander
    • Duncan R.A., Richards M.A. Hotspots, mantle plumes, flood basalts and true polar wander. Rev. Geophys. 1991, 29:31-50.
    • (1991) Rev. Geophys. , vol.29 , pp. 31-50
    • Duncan, R.A.1    Richards, M.A.2
  • 42
    • 75749105796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of lower-mantle structural heterogeneity for existence and nature of whole-mantle plumes
    • Garnero E.J., Lay T., McNamara A. Implications of lower-mantle structural heterogeneity for existence and nature of whole-mantle plumes. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Publ. 2007, 430:79-88.
    • (2007) Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Publ. , vol.430 , pp. 79-88
    • Garnero, E.J.1    Lay, T.2    McNamara, A.3
  • 43
    • 0029505490 scopus 로고
    • A 3-dimensional self-consistent computer simulation of a geomagnetic field reversal
    • Glatzmaier G.A., Roberts P.H. A 3-dimensional self-consistent computer simulation of a geomagnetic field reversal. Nature 1995, 377:203-209.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.377 , pp. 203-209
    • Glatzmaier, G.A.1    Roberts, P.H.2
  • 44
    • 1142305337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic seismic signature of thermal mantle plumes
    • Goes S., Cammarano F., Hansen U. Synthetic seismic signature of thermal mantle plumes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2004, 218:403-419.
    • (2004) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.218 , pp. 403-419
    • Goes, S.1    Cammarano, F.2    Hansen, U.3
  • 45
    • 0030736852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global seismic tomography. a snapshot of mantle convection in the Earth
    • Grand S., van der Hilst R.D., Widiyantoro S. Global seismic tomography. a snapshot of mantle convection in the Earth. GSA Today 1997, 7:1-7.
    • (1997) GSA Today , vol.7 , pp. 1-7
    • Grand, S.1    van der Hilst, R.D.2    Widiyantoro, S.3
  • 46
    • 84857127147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mineralogical effects on the detectability of the post-perovskite boundary
    • Grocholski, B., Catalli, K., Shim, S.-H., Prakapenka, V., 2012. Mineralogical effects on the detectability of the post-perovskite boundary. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1109204109.
    • (2012) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
    • Grocholski, B.1    Catalli, K.2    Shim, S.-H.3    Prakapenka, V.4
  • 48
    • 84949236514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraining mantle density structure using geological evidence of surface uplift rates. the case of the African superplume
    • 1999GC000035
    • Gurnis M., Mitrovica J.X., Ritsema J., van Heijst H.J. Constraining mantle density structure using geological evidence of surface uplift rates. the case of the African superplume. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. 2000, 1. 1999GC000035.
    • (2000) Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. , vol.1
    • Gurnis, M.1    Mitrovica, J.X.2    Ritsema, J.3    van Heijst, H.J.4
  • 50
    • 66149176931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural features and shear-velocity structure of the 'Pacific anomaly'
    • He Y., Wen L. Structural features and shear-velocity structure of the 'Pacific anomaly'. J. Geophys. Res 2009, 114.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res , vol.114
    • He, Y.1    Wen, L.2
  • 51
    • 0035797422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Earth's mantle
    • Helffrich G.R., Wood B.J. The Earth's mantle. Nature 2001, 412:501-507.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.412 , pp. 501-507
    • Helffrich, G.R.1    Wood, B.J.2
  • 52
    • 38049064592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the statistical distribution of seismic velocities in Earth's deep mantle
    • Hernlund J.W., Houser C. On the statistical distribution of seismic velocities in Earth's deep mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2008, 265:423-437.
    • (2008) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.265 , pp. 423-437
    • Hernlund, J.W.1    Houser, C.2
  • 53
    • 17644425635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A doubling of the post-perovskite phase boundary and structure of the Earth's lowermost mantle
    • Hernlund J.W., Thomas C., Tackley P.J. A doubling of the post-perovskite phase boundary and structure of the Earth's lowermost mantle. Nature 2005, 434:882-886.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 882-886
    • Hernlund, J.W.1    Thomas, C.2    Tackley, P.J.3
  • 55
    • 0030998901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle geochemistry. the message from oceanic volcanism
    • Hofmann A.W. Mantle geochemistry. the message from oceanic volcanism. Nature 1997, 385:219-229.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.385 , pp. 219-229
    • Hofmann, A.W.1
  • 56
    • 84903813885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sampling mantle heterogeneity through oceanic basalts: isotopes and trace elements
    • Elsevier
    • Hofmann, A.W., 2003. Sampling mantle heterogeneity through oceanic basalts: isotopes and trace elements. In: Treatise on Geochemistry. Elsevier, pp. 61-101.
    • (2003) Treatise on Geochemistry , pp. 61-101
    • Hofmann, A.W.1
  • 57
    • 54049131135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inference of high thermal transport in the lower mantle from laser-flash experiments and the damped harmonic oscillator model
    • Hofmeister A.M. Inference of high thermal transport in the lower mantle from laser-flash experiments and the damped harmonic oscillator model. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 2008, 170.
    • (2008) Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , vol.170
    • Hofmeister, A.M.1
  • 58
    • 45249095601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shear and compressional velocity models of the mantle from cluster analysis of long-period waveforms
    • Houser C., Masters G., Shearer P., Laske G. Shear and compressional velocity models of the mantle from cluster analysis of long-period waveforms. Geophys. J. Int. 2008, 174:195-212.
    • (2008) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.174 , pp. 195-212
    • Houser, C.1    Masters, G.2    Shearer, P.3    Laske, G.4
  • 59
    • 84862776750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the increase in thermal diffusivity caused by the perovskite to post-perovskite phase transition and its implications for mantle dynamics
    • Hunt S.A., Davies D.R., Walker A.M., McCormack R.J., Wills A.S., Dobson D.P., Li L. On the increase in thermal diffusivity caused by the perovskite to post-perovskite phase transition and its implications for mantle dynamics. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2012, 319:96-103.
    • (2012) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.319 , pp. 96-103
    • Hunt, S.A.1    Davies, D.R.2    Walker, A.M.3    McCormack, R.J.4    Wills, A.S.5    Dobson, D.P.6    Li, L.7
  • 60
    • 0027455973 scopus 로고
    • Phase transformations in subducted oceanic crust and buoyancy relationships at depths of 600-800km in the mantle
    • Irifune T., Ringwood A.E. Phase transformations in subducted oceanic crust and buoyancy relationships at depths of 600-800km in the mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1993, 117:101-110.
    • (1993) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.117 , pp. 101-110
    • Irifune, T.1    Ringwood, A.E.2
  • 61
    • 0033588350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal-mode and free-air gravity constraints on lateral variations in velocity and density of Earth's mantle
    • Ishii M., Tromp J. Normal-mode and free-air gravity constraints on lateral variations in velocity and density of Earth's mantle. Science 1999, 285:1231-1236.
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , pp. 1231-1236
    • Ishii, M.1    Tromp, J.2
  • 62
    • 0018984073 scopus 로고
    • Convection in a compressible fluid with infinite Prandtl number
    • Jarvis G.T., McKenzie D.P. Convection in a compressible fluid with infinite Prandtl number. J. Fluid Mech. 1980, 96:515-583.
    • (1980) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.96 , pp. 515-583
    • Jarvis, G.T.1    McKenzie, D.P.2
  • 63
    • 0023498298 scopus 로고
    • Is the mantle geotherm sub-adiabatic?
    • Jeanloz R., Morris S. Is the mantle geotherm sub-adiabatic?. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1987, 143:335-338.
    • (1987) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.143 , pp. 335-338
    • Jeanloz, R.1    Morris, S.2
  • 64
    • 0027871018 scopus 로고
    • The importance of anelasticity in the interpretation of seismic tomography
    • Karato S.-I. The importance of anelasticity in the interpretation of seismic tomography. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1993, 20:1623-1626.
    • (1993) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 1623-1626
    • Karato, S.-I.1
  • 65
    • 0035171184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of lateral variation of seismic wave velocities and density in the deep mantle
    • Karato S.-I., Karki B.B. Origin of lateral variation of seismic wave velocities and density in the deep mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106:21771-21783.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 21771-21783
    • Karato, S.-I.1    Karki, B.B.2
  • 66
    • 0033583061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compositional stratification in the deep mantle
    • Kellogg L.H., Hager B.H., van der Hilst R.D. Compositional stratification in the deep mantle. Science 1999, 283:1881-1884.
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 1881-1884
    • Kellogg, L.H.1    Hager, B.H.2    van der Hilst, R.D.3
  • 67
    • 0028813015 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from travel-times
    • Kennett B.L.N., Engdahl R., Buland R. Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from travel-times. Geophys. J. Int. 1995, 122:108-124.
    • (1995) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.122 , pp. 108-124
    • Kennett, B.L.N.1    Engdahl, R.2    Buland, R.3
  • 68
    • 0032503488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint seismic tomography for bulk sound and shear wave speed in the Earth's mantle
    • Kennett B.L.N., Widiyantoro S., van der Hilst R.D. Joint seismic tomography for bulk sound and shear wave speed in the Earth's mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103:12469-12493.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 12469-12493
    • Kennett, B.L.N.1    Widiyantoro, S.2    van der Hilst, R.D.3
  • 69
    • 84862184343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal mode sensitivity to Earth's D" layer and topography on the core-mantle-boundary. what we can and cannot see
    • Koelemeijer P.J., Deuss A., Trampert J. Normal mode sensitivity to Earth's D" layer and topography on the core-mantle-boundary. what we can and cannot see. Geophys. J. Int. 2012, 190.
    • (2012) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.190
    • Koelemeijer, P.J.1    Deuss, A.2    Trampert, J.3
  • 70
    • 0030830037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Earth-like numerical dynamo model
    • Kuang W.L., Bloxham J. An Earth-like numerical dynamo model. Nature 1997, 289:371-374.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.289 , pp. 371-374
    • Kuang, W.L.1    Bloxham, J.2
  • 71
    • 36849026015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A crystallizing dense magma ocean at the base of Earth's mantle
    • Labrosse S., Hernlund J.W., Coltice N. A crystallizing dense magma ocean at the base of Earth's mantle. Nature 2007, 450:866-869.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.450 , pp. 866-869
    • Labrosse, S.1    Hernlund, J.W.2    Coltice, N.3
  • 73
    • 33751563299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A post-perovskite lens and D" heat flux beneath the Central Pacific
    • Lay T., Hernlund J., Garnero E.J., Thorne M.S. A post-perovskite lens and D" heat flux beneath the Central Pacific. Science 2006, 314.
    • (2006) Science , vol.314
    • Lay, T.1    Hernlund, J.2    Garnero, E.J.3    Thorne, M.S.4
  • 74
    • 45149091478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controls on plume heat flux and plume excess temperature
    • Leng W., Zhong S. Controls on plume heat flux and plume excess temperature. J Geophys. Res. 2008, 113.
    • (2008) J Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Leng, W.1    Zhong, S.2
  • 75
    • 79952691806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tomographic errors from wave front healing. more than just a fast bias
    • Malcolm A.E., Trampert J. Tomographic errors from wave front healing. more than just a fast bias. Geophys. J. Int. 2011, 185:385-402.
    • (2011) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.185 , pp. 385-402
    • Malcolm, A.E.1    Trampert, J.2
  • 76
    • 81055145466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lattice thermal conductivity of lower mantle minerals and heat flux from Earth's core
    • Manthilake, M.A.G.M., de Koker, N., Frost, N., McCammon, D.J., 2011. Lattice thermal conductivity of lower mantle minerals and heat flux from Earth's core. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 108, 17901-17904.
    • (2011) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , vol.108 , pp. 17901-17904
    • Manthilake, M.A.G.M.1    De Koker, N.2    Frost, N.3    McCammon, D.J.4
  • 77
  • 78
    • 34250684571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the anelastic contribution to the temperature dependence of lower mantle seismic velocities
    • Matas J., Bukowinski M.S.T. On the anelastic contribution to the temperature dependence of lower mantle seismic velocities. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2007, 259:51-65.
    • (2007) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.259 , pp. 51-65
    • Matas, J.1    Bukowinski, M.S.T.2
  • 79
    • 27144492263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermo-chemical structures beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean
    • McNamara A.K., Zhong S. Thermo-chemical structures beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean. Nature 2005, 437:1136-1139.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 1136-1139
    • McNamara, A.K.1    Zhong, S.2
  • 80
    • 0031158603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging 3-D spherical convection models. what can seismic tomography tell us about mantle dynamics?
    • Mégnin C., Bunge H.-P., Romanowicz B., Richards M.A. Imaging 3-D spherical convection models. what can seismic tomography tell us about mantle dynamics?. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1997, 24:1299-1302.
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.24 , pp. 1299-1302
    • Mégnin, C.1    Bunge, H.-P.2    Romanowicz, B.3    Richards, M.A.4
  • 82
    • 84857039979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low viscosity of the bottom of the Earth's mantle inferred from the analysis of Chandler wobble and tidal deformation
    • Nakada M., Karato S.-I. Low viscosity of the bottom of the Earth's mantle inferred from the analysis of Chandler wobble and tidal deformation. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 2012, 192:68-80.
    • (2012) Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , vol.192 , pp. 68-80
    • Nakada, M.1    Karato, S.-I.2
  • 83
    • 7044220767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a perovskite-post perovskite phase change near core-mantle-boundary in compressible mantle convection
    • Nakagawa T., Tackley P.J. Effects of a perovskite-post perovskite phase change near core-mantle-boundary in compressible mantle convection. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31:L16611.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.31
    • Nakagawa, T.1    Tackley, P.J.2
  • 84
    • 33750602855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional structures and dynamics in the deep mantle. effects of a post-perovskite phase change and deep mantle layering
    • Nakagawa T., Tackley P.J. Three-dimensional structures and dynamics in the deep mantle. effects of a post-perovskite phase change and deep mantle layering. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33
    • Nakagawa, T.1    Tackley, P.J.2
  • 85
    • 71949114899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating self-consistently calculated mineral physics into thermo-chemical mantle convection simulations in a 3-D spherical shell and its influence on seismic anomalies in Earth's mantle
    • Nakagawa T., Tackley P.J., Deschamps F., Connolly J.A.D. Incorporating self-consistently calculated mineral physics into thermo-chemical mantle convection simulations in a 3-D spherical shell and its influence on seismic anomalies in Earth's mantle. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. 2009, 10:Q3304.
    • (2009) Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. , vol.10
    • Nakagawa, T.1    Tackley, P.J.2    Deschamps, F.3    Connolly, J.A.D.4
  • 86
    • 77954660768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of MORB and Harzburgite composition on thermo-chemical mantle convection in a 3D spherical shell with self-consistently calculated mineral physics
    • Nakagawa T., Tackley P.J., Deschamps F., Connolly J.A.D. The influence of MORB and Harzburgite composition on thermo-chemical mantle convection in a 3D spherical shell with self-consistently calculated mineral physics. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2010, 296:403-412.
    • (2010) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.296 , pp. 403-412
    • Nakagawa, T.1    Tackley, P.J.2    Deschamps, F.3    Connolly, J.A.D.4
  • 87
    • 18144439913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ridge-like lower mantle structure beneath South Africa
    • Ni S.D., Helmburger D.V. Ridge-like lower mantle structure beneath South Africa. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108:2094-3008.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 2094-3008
    • Ni, S.D.1    Helmburger, D.V.2
  • 88
    • 0037036104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sharp sides to the African superplume
    • Ni S.D., Tan E., Gurnis M., Helmberger D.V. Sharp sides to the African superplume. Science 2002, 296:1850-1852.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 1850-1852
    • Ni, S.D.1    Tan, E.2    Gurnis, M.3    Helmberger, D.V.4
  • 89
    • 1142268783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of Potassium on core and geodynamo evolution
    • Nimmo F., Price G.D., Brodholt J., Gubbins D. The influence of Potassium on core and geodynamo evolution. Geophys. J. Int. 2004, 156:363-376.
    • (2004) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.156 , pp. 363-376
    • Nimmo, F.1    Price, G.D.2    Brodholt, J.3    Gubbins, D.4
  • 92
    • 3343022873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3 in Earth's D" layer
    • 3 in Earth's D" layer. Nature 2004, 430:445-448.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.430 , pp. 445-448
    • Oganov, A.R.1    Ono, S.2
  • 93
    • 0028315627 scopus 로고
    • Turbulent, 3-D thermal convection in an infinite Prandtl number, volumetrically heated fluid. implications for mantle dynamics
    • Parmentier E.M., Sotin C., Travis B.J. Turbulent, 3-D thermal convection in an infinite Prandtl number, volumetrically heated fluid. implications for mantle dynamics. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1994, 116:241-251.
    • (1994) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.116 , pp. 241-251
    • Parmentier, E.M.1    Sotin, C.2    Travis, B.J.3
  • 94
    • 77954389456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deepest mantle viscosity. constraints from Earth rotation anomalies
    • Peltier W.R., Drummond R. Deepest mantle viscosity. constraints from Earth rotation anomalies. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37:L12304.
    • (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.37
    • Peltier, W.R.1    Drummond, R.2
  • 95
    • 33751197029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gravity observations and 3-D structure of the earth
    • Ricard Y., Chambat F., Lithgow-Bertelloni C. Gravity observations and 3-D structure of the earth. C. R. Geosci. 2006, 338:992-1001.
    • (2006) C. R. Geosci. , vol.338 , pp. 992-1001
    • Ricard, Y.1    Chambat, F.2    Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.3
  • 97
    • 34547884701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tomographic filtering of geodynamic models. implications for model interpretation and large-scale mantle structure
    • Ritsema J., McNamara A.K., Bull A. Tomographic filtering of geodynamic models. implications for model interpretation and large-scale mantle structure. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • Ritsema, J.1    McNamara, A.K.2    Bull, A.3
  • 98
    • 0033489819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for strong shear velocity reductions and velocity gradients in the lower mantle beneath africa
    • Ritsema J., Ni S., Helmberger D.V., Crotwell H.P. Evidence for strong shear velocity reductions and velocity gradients in the lower mantle beneath africa. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1998, 25:4245-4248.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 4245-4248
    • Ritsema, J.1    Ni, S.2    Helmberger, D.V.3    Crotwell, H.P.4
  • 99
    • 0036252169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraints on the correlation of P- and S-wave velocity heterogeneity in the mantle from Pbb PPbb PPP and PKPab traveltimes
    • Ritsema J., van Heijst H.J. Constraints on the correlation of P- and S-wave velocity heterogeneity in the mantle from Pbb PPbb PPP and PKPab traveltimes. Geophys. J. Int. 2002, 149:482-489.
    • (2002) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.149 , pp. 482-489
    • Ritsema, J.1    van Heijst, H.J.2
  • 100
    • 79951570520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S40RTS a Degree-40 shear velocity model for the mantle from new Rayleigh wave dispersion, teleseismic traveltimes, and normal-mode splitting function measurements
    • Ritsema J., van Heijst H.J., Deuss A., Woodhouse J.H. S40RTS a Degree-40 shear velocity model for the mantle from new Rayleigh wave dispersion, teleseismic traveltimes, and normal-mode splitting function measurements. Geophys. J. Int. 2011, 184:1223-1236.
    • (2011) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.184 , pp. 1223-1236
    • Ritsema, J.1    van Heijst, H.J.2    Deuss, A.3    Woodhouse, J.H.4
  • 101
    • 0029503885 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for proportionality of P and S heterogeneity in the lower mantle
    • Robertson G.S., Woodhouse J.H. Evidence for proportionality of P and S heterogeneity in the lower mantle. Geophys. J. Int. 1995, 123:85-116.
    • (1995) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.123 , pp. 85-116
    • Robertson, G.S.1    Woodhouse, J.H.2
  • 102
    • 0035866864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can we resolve 3-D density heterogeneity in the lower mantle?
    • Romanowicz B. Can we resolve 3-D density heterogeneity in the lower mantle?. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28:1107-1110.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 1107-1110
    • Romanowicz, B.1
  • 104
    • 0026311690 scopus 로고
    • Fluxes and excess temperatures of mantle plumes inferred from their interaction with migrating mid-ocean ridges
    • Schilling J.G. Fluxes and excess temperatures of mantle plumes inferred from their interaction with migrating mid-ocean ridges. Nature 1991, 352:397-403.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.352 , pp. 397-403
    • Schilling, J.G.1
  • 105
    • 70450127014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tomographic filtering of high-resolution mantle circulation models. can seismic heterogeneity be explained by temperature alone?
    • Schuberth B.S.A., Bunge H.-P., Ritsema J. Tomographic filtering of high-resolution mantle circulation models. can seismic heterogeneity be explained by temperature alone?. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2009, 10:Q05W03.
    • (2009) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.10
    • Schuberth, B.S.A.1    Bunge, H.-P.2    Ritsema, J.3
  • 106
    • 70350098491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal versus elastic heterogeneity in high-resolution mantle circulation models with pyrolite composition. high plume excess temperatures in the lowermost mantle
    • Schuberth B.S.A., Bunge H.-P., Steinle-Neumann G., Moder C., Oeser J. Thermal versus elastic heterogeneity in high-resolution mantle circulation models with pyrolite composition. high plume excess temperatures in the lowermost mantle. Geochem. Geophy. Geosyst. 2009, 10:Q01W01.
    • (2009) Geochem. Geophy. Geosyst. , vol.10
    • Schuberth, B.S.A.1    Bunge, H.-P.2    Steinle-Neumann, G.3    Moder, C.4    Oeser, J.5
  • 107
    • 84857039437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic seismograms for a synthetic Earth. long-period P- and S-wave traveltime variations can be explained by temperature alone
    • Schuberth B.S.A., Zaroli C., Nolet G. Synthetic seismograms for a synthetic Earth. long-period P- and S-wave traveltime variations can be explained by temperature alone. Geophys. J. Int. 2012, 200:1393-1412.
    • (2012) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.200 , pp. 1393-1412
    • Schuberth, B.S.A.1    Zaroli, C.2    Nolet, G.3
  • 108
    • 0032724666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a ubiquitous seismic discontinuity at the base of the mantle
    • Sidorin I., Gurnis M., Helmberger D.V. Evidence for a ubiquitous seismic discontinuity at the base of the mantle. Science 1999, 286:1326-1331.
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1326-1331
    • Sidorin, I.1    Gurnis, M.2    Helmberger, D.V.3
  • 109
    • 78649994528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GyPSuM: a joint tomographic model of mantle density and seismic wave speeds
    • Simmons N.A., Forte A.M., Boschi L., Grand S.P. GyPSuM: a joint tomographic model of mantle density and seismic wave speeds. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:5555.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115 , pp. 5555
    • Simmons, N.A.1    Forte, A.M.2    Boschi, L.3    Grand, S.P.4
  • 110
    • 66549119885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint seismicbb geodynamic and mineral physical constraints on three-dimensional mantle heterogeneity. implications for the relative importance of thermal versus compositional heterogeneity
    • Simmons N.A., Forte A.M., Grand S.P. Joint seismicbb geodynamic and mineral physical constraints on three-dimensional mantle heterogeneity. implications for the relative importance of thermal versus compositional heterogeneity. Geophys. J. Int 2009, 177:1284-1304.
    • (2009) Geophys. J. Int , vol.177 , pp. 1284-1304
    • Simmons, N.A.1    Forte, A.M.2    Grand, S.P.3
  • 111
    • 0036222002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrons
    • Stampfli G.M., Borel G.D. A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrons. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2002, 196:17-33.
    • (2002) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.196 , pp. 17-33
    • Stampfli, G.M.1    Borel, G.D.2
  • 114
    • 55349112215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle flow models with core-mantle-boundary constraints and chemical heterogeneities in the lowermost mantle
    • Steinberger B., Holme R. Mantle flow models with core-mantle-boundary constraints and chemical heterogeneities in the lowermost mantle. J. Geophys. Res 2008, 113:5555.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res , vol.113 , pp. 5555
    • Steinberger, B.1    Holme, R.2
  • 115
    • 21844443054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamics of mantle minerals-i. Physical properties
    • Stixrude L., Lithgow-Bertelloni C. Thermodynamics of mantle minerals-i. Physical properties. Geophys. J. Int. 2005, 162:610-632.
    • (2005) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.162 , pp. 610-632
    • Stixrude, L.1    Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.2
  • 116
    • 35548955551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of phase transformations on lateral heterogeneity and dynamics in Earth's mantle
    • Stixrude L., Lithgow-Bertelloni C. Influence of phase transformations on lateral heterogeneity and dynamics in Earth's mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2007, 263:45-55.
    • (2007) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.263 , pp. 45-55
    • Stixrude, L.1    Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.2
  • 117
    • 79951685878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamics of mantle minerals-ii. Phase equilibria
    • Stixrude L., Lithgow-Bertelloni C. Thermodynamics of mantle minerals-ii. Phase equilibria. Geophys. J. Int. 2011, 184:1180-1213.
    • (2011) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.184 , pp. 1180-1213
    • Stixrude, L.1    Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.2
  • 118
    • 79951577892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping spherical seismic into physical structure. biases from 3-D phase-transition and thermal boundary-layer heterogeneity
    • Styles E., Davies D.R., Goes S. Mapping spherical seismic into physical structure. biases from 3-D phase-transition and thermal boundary-layer heterogeneity. Geophys. J. Int. 2011, 184:1371-1378.
    • (2011) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.184 , pp. 1371-1378
    • Styles, E.1    Davies, D.R.2    Goes, S.3
  • 119
    • 0030726627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous inversion for 3-D variations in shear and bulk velocity in the mantle
    • Su W.J., Dziewonski A.M. Simultaneous inversion for 3-D variations in shear and bulk velocity in the mantle. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 1997, 100:135-156.
    • (1997) Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , vol.100 , pp. 135-156
    • Su, W.J.1    Dziewonski, A.M.2
  • 120
    • 0029729204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of strongly variable viscosity on three-dimensional compressible convection in planetary mantles
    • Tackley P.J. Effects of strongly variable viscosity on three-dimensional compressible convection in planetary mantles. J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101:3311-3332.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 3311-3332
    • Tackley, P.J.1
  • 121
    • 0001104692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional simulation of mantle convection with a thermo-chemical boundary layer. D"?
    • AGU, Washington DC, M. Gurnis, M.E. Wysession, E. Knittle, B.A. Buffet (Eds.)
    • Tackley P.J. Three-dimensional simulation of mantle convection with a thermo-chemical boundary layer. D"?. The core-mantle-boundary region 1998, 231-253. AGU, Washington DC. M. Gurnis, M.E. Wysession, E. Knittle, B.A. Buffet (Eds.).
    • (1998) The core-mantle-boundary region , pp. 231-253
    • Tackley, P.J.1
  • 122
    • 0002851990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strong heterogeneity caused by deep mantle layering
    • Tackley P.J. Strong heterogeneity caused by deep mantle layering. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. 2002, 3:1024.
    • (2002) Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. , vol.3 , pp. 1024
    • Tackley, P.J.1
  • 123
    • 55749083087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling compressible mantle convection with large viscosity contrasts in a three-dimensional spherical shell using the Yin-Yang grid
    • Tackley P.J. Modelling compressible mantle convection with large viscosity contrasts in a three-dimensional spherical shell using the Yin-Yang grid. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 2008, 171:7-18.
    • (2008) Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , vol.171 , pp. 7-18
    • Tackley, P.J.1
  • 124
    • 84855251475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and evolution of the deep mantle resulting from thermal, chemical, phase and melting effects
    • Tackley P.J. Dynamics and evolution of the deep mantle resulting from thermal, chemical, phase and melting effects. Earth Sci. Rev. 2011, 110:1-25.
    • (2011) Earth Sci. Rev. , vol.110 , pp. 1-25
    • Tackley, P.J.1
  • 125
    • 0141868856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the tracer ratio method for modelling active compositional fields in mantle convection simulations
    • Tackley P.J., King S.D. Testing the tracer ratio method for modelling active compositional fields in mantle convection simulations. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys 2003, 4:8302.
    • (2003) Geochem. Geophys. Geosys , vol.4 , pp. 8302
    • Tackley, P.J.1    King, S.D.2
  • 126
    • 0037111766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thermo-chemical structure and evolution of Earth's mantle. constraints and numerical models
    • Tackley P.J., Xie S. The thermo-chemical structure and evolution of Earth's mantle. constraints and numerical models. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London A. 2002, 360:2593-2609.
    • (2002) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London A. , vol.360 , pp. 2593-2609
    • Tackley, P.J.1    Xie, S.2
  • 127
    • 34548414449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compressible thermochemical convection and application to lower mantle structures
    • Tan E., Gurnis M. Compressible thermochemical convection and application to lower mantle structures. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:B06304.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • Tan, E.1    Gurnis, M.2
  • 128
    • 3042737047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic correlation between hot spots and deep mantle lateral shear-wave velocity gradients
    • Thorne M.S., Garnero E.J., Grand S.P. Geographic correlation between hot spots and deep mantle lateral shear-wave velocity gradients. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 2004, 146:47-63.
    • (2004) Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , vol.146 , pp. 47-63
    • Thorne, M.S.1    Garnero, E.J.2    Grand, S.P.3
  • 129
    • 17044431710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-D effects of sharp boundaries at the borders of the African and Pacific superplumes. observation and modeling
    • To A., Romanowicz B., Capdeville Y., Takeuchi N. 3-D effects of sharp boundaries at the borders of the African and Pacific superplumes. observation and modeling. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2005, 233:137-153.
    • (2005) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.233 , pp. 137-153
    • To, A.1    Romanowicz, B.2    Capdeville, Y.3    Takeuchi, N.4
  • 130
    • 77957283001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamical consequences in the lower mantle with the post-perovskite phase change and strongly depth-dependent thermodynamic and transport properties
    • Tosi N., Yuen D.A., Cadek O. Dynamical consequences in the lower mantle with the post-perovskite phase change and strongly depth-dependent thermodynamic and transport properties. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2010, 298:229-243.
    • (2010) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.298 , pp. 229-243
    • Tosi, N.1    Yuen, D.A.2    Cadek, O.3
  • 131
    • 7444248513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probabilistic tomography maps chemical heterogeneities throughout the lower mantle
    • Trampert J., Deschamps F., Resovsky J., Yuen D. Probabilistic tomography maps chemical heterogeneities throughout the lower mantle. Science 2004, 306:853-856.
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 853-856
    • Trampert, J.1    Deschamps, F.2    Resovsky, J.3    Yuen, D.4
  • 132
    • 34147209524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismostratigraphy and thermal structure of Earth's core-mantle-boundary region
    • van der Hilst R.D., de Hoop M.V., Wang P., Shim S.H., Ma P., Tenorio L. Seismostratigraphy and thermal structure of Earth's core-mantle-boundary region. Science 2007, 315:1813-1817.
    • (2007) Science , vol.315 , pp. 1813-1817
    • van der Hilst, R.D.1    de Hoop, M.V.2    Wang, P.3    Shim, S.H.4    Ma, P.5    Tenorio, L.6
  • 133
    • 0030620917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for deep mantle circulation from global tomography
    • van der Hilst R.D., Widiyantoro S., Engdahl E.R. Evidence for deep mantle circulation from global tomography. Nature 1997, 386:578-584.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 578-584
    • van der Hilst, R.D.1    Widiyantoro, S.2    Engdahl, E.R.3
  • 134
    • 0036433301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle mixing. the generation, preservation and destruction of chemical heterogeneity
    • van Keken P.E., Hauri E., Ballentine C.J. Mantle mixing. the generation, preservation and destruction of chemical heterogeneity. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2002, 30:493-525.
    • (2002) Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 493-525
    • van Keken, P.E.1    Hauri, E.2    Ballentine, C.J.3
  • 135
    • 65349160313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geometry and P and S velocity structure of the 'African anomaly'
    • Wang Y., Wen L. Geometry and P and S velocity structure of the 'African anomaly'. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • Wang, Y.1    Wen, L.2
  • 137
    • 30744438062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of the post-perovskite phase as an explanation for lowermost-mantle seismic properties
    • Wookey J., Stackhouse S., Kendall J., Brodholt J., Price G.D. Efficacy of the post-perovskite phase as an explanation for lowermost-mantle seismic properties. Nature 2005, 438:1004-1007.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.438 , pp. 1004-1007
    • Wookey, J.1    Stackhouse, S.2    Kendall, J.3    Brodholt, J.4    Price, G.D.5
  • 138
    • 3543124705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of helium and argon isotopes in a convecting mantle
    • Xie S., Tackley P.J. Evolution of helium and argon isotopes in a convecting mantle. Phys. Earth. Planet. Int. 2004, 146:417-439.
    • (2004) Phys. Earth. Planet. Int. , vol.146 , pp. 417-439
    • Xie, S.1    Tackley, P.J.2
  • 139
    • 26944485312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of U-Pb and Sm-Nd systems in numerical models of mantle convection
    • Xie S., Tackley P.J. Evolution of U-Pb and Sm-Nd systems in numerical models of mantle convection. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Xie, S.1    Tackley, P.J.2
  • 140
    • 0023163865 scopus 로고
    • Effects from equation of state and rheology in dissipative heating in compressible mantle convection
    • Yuen D.A., Quareni F., Hong H.J. Effects from equation of state and rheology in dissipative heating in compressible mantle convection. Nature 1987, 326:67-69.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.326 , pp. 67-69
    • Yuen, D.A.1    Quareni, F.2    Hong, H.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.