Mapping spherical seismic into physical structure: Biases from 3-D phase-transition and thermal boundary-layer heterogeneity

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 184, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 1371-1378

  Styles, Elinor ^a   Davies, D Rhodri ^a   Goes, Saskia ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle; Elasticity and anelasticity; Phase transitions; Seismic tomography

Indexed keywords

CIRCULATION MODELS; COMPOSITIONAL VARIABILITY; EARTH'S MANTLE; ELASTICITY AND ANELASTICITY; GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS; LATERAL DEVIATION; LATERAL VARIATIONS; MANTLE STRUCTURE; PHYSICAL STATE; PHYSICAL STRUCTURES; REFERENCE CONDITION; REFERENCE MODELS; SEISMIC MODEL; SEISMIC STRUCTURE; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; SEISMIC VELOCITIES; THERMAL BOUNDARY; THERMAL BOUNDARY LAYER; THERMAL STRUCTURE; UNCERTAINTY BOUNDS; VELOCITY GRADIENTS;

BOUNDARY LAYERS; DYNAMICS; ELASTICITY; MODELS; PHASE TRANSITIONS; SEISMIC WAVES; SEISMOGRAPHS; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; TOMOGRAPHY; VELOCITY;

SEISMOLOGY;

ANELASTICITY; BOUNDARY LAYER; HETEROGENEITY; LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; MANTLE STRUCTURE; MAPPING; PHASE TRANSITION; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; SEISMIC VELOCITY; SEISMICITY;

EID: 79951577892     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: 1365246X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04914.x     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Anderson, D.L., 1989. Composition of the Earth, Science, 243, 367-370.
2. Anderson, D.L. & Bass, J.D., 1986. Transition region of the Earth's upper mantle, Nature, 320, 321-328.
3. Baumgardner, J.R., 1985. Three-dimensional treatment of convective flow in the earth's mantle, J. Stat. Phys., 39, 501-511.
4. Bina, C.R. & Silver, P.G., 1990. Constraints on lower mantle composition and temperature from density and bulk sound velocity profiles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1153-1156.
5. Bunge, H.P. & Davies, J.H., 2001. Tomographic images of a mantle circulation model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 77-80.
6. Bunge, H.-P., Richards, M.A. & Baumgardner, J.R., 1997. A sensitivity study of three-dimensional spherical mantle convection at 108 Rayleigh number: effects of depth-dependent viscosity, heating mode, and an endothermic phase change, J. geophys. Res., 102, 11 991-12 007.
7. Bunge, H.-P., Ricard, Y. & Matas, J., 2001. Non-adiabaticity in mantle convection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 879-882.
8. Bunge, H.-P., Richards, M.A. & Baumgardner, J.R., 2002. Mantle-circulation models with sequential data assimilation: inferring present-day mantle structure from plate-motion histories, Phils. Trans. R. Soc., A, 360, 2545-2567.
9. Cammarano, F. & Romanowicz, B., 2007. Insights into the nature of the transition zone from physically constrained inversion of long-period seismic data, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 9139-9144.
10. Cammarano, F., Deuss, A., Goes, S. & Giardini, D., 2005a. One-dimensional physical reference models for the upper mantle and transition zone: combining seismic and mineral physics constraints, J. geophys. Res., 110, B01306, doi:.
11. Cammarano, F., Goes, S., Deuss, A. & Giardini, D., 2005b. Is a pyrolitic adiabatic mantle compatible with seismic data? Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 232, 227-243.
12. Cobden, L., Goes, S., Cammarano, F. & Connolly, J.A.D., 2008. Thermochemical interpretation of one-dimensional seismic reference models for the upper mantle: evidence for bias due to heterogeneity, Geophys. J. Int., 175, 627-648.
13. Cobden, L. et al., 2009. Thermochemical interpretation of 1-D seismic data for the lower mantle: the significance of nonadiabatic thermal gradients and compositional heterogeneity, J. geophys. Res., 114, B11309, doi:.
14. Connolly, J.A.D., 2005. Computation of phase equilibria by linear programming: a tool for geodynamic modeling and its application to subduction zone decarbonation, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 236, 524-541.
15. Davaille, A., Le Bars, M. & Carbonne, C., 2003. Thermal convection in a heterogeneous mantle, Comptes Rendus Geosciences, 335, 141-156.
16. Davies, J.H. & Bunge, H.-P., 2001. Seismically fast geodynamic mantle models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 73-76.
17. Davies, D.R. & Davies, J.H., 2009. Thermally-driven mantle plumes reconcile multiple hot-spot observations, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 278, 50-54.
18. Deschamps, F. & Tackley, P.J., 2008. Searching for models of thermo-chemical convection that explain probabilistic tomography I. Principles and influence of rheological parameters, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 171, 357-373.
19. Deschamps, F. & Tackley, P.J., 2009. Searching for models of thermo-chemical convection that explain probabilistic tomography II: influence of physical and compositional parameters, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 176, 1-18, doi:.
20. Deschamps, F. & Trampert, J., 2004. Towards a lower mantle reference temperature and composition, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 222, 161-175.
21. Deuss, A., 2009. Global observations of mantle discontinuities using SS and PP precursors, Surv. Geophys., 30, 301-326.
22. Duffy, T.S. & Anderson, D.L., 1989. Seismic velocities in mantle minerals and the mineralogy of the upper mantle, J. geophys. Res., 94, 1895-1912.
23. Dziewonski, A.M. & Anderson, D.L., 1981. Preliminary reference Earth model, Phys. Earth planet. Int., 25, 297-356.
24. Goes, S., Cammarano, F. & Hansen, U., 2004. Synthetic seismic signature of thermal mantle plumes, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 218, 403-419.
25. Irifune, T. et al., 2008. Sound velocities of majorite garnet and the composition of the mantle transition region, Nature, 451, 814-817.
26. Ita, J. & King, S.D., 1994. Sensitivity of convection with an endothermic phase change to the form of governing equations, initial conditions, boundary conditions, and equation of state, J. geophys. Res., 99(B8), 15 919-915 938, doi:.
27. Ita, J. & King, S.D., 1998. The influence of thermodynamic formulation on simulations of subduction zone geometry and history, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1463-1466.
28. Ita, J. & Stixrude, L., 1992. Petrology, elasticity, and composition of the mantle transition zone, J. geophys. Res., 97, 6849-6866.
29. Jackson, I., 1998. Elasticity, composition and temperature of the Earth's lower mantle: a reappraisal, Geophys. J. Int., 134, 291-311.
30. Jackson, I. & Rigden, S.M., 1998. Composition and temperature of the Earth's mantle: seismological models interpreted through experimental studies of Earth's materials. in The Earth's Mantle: Composition, Structure and Evolution, pp. 405-460, ed. Jackson, I., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
31. Jarvis, G.T. & McKenzie, D.P., 1980. Convection in a compressible fluid with infinite Prandtl number, J. Fluid Mech., 96, 515-583.
32. Kellogg, L.H., Hager, B.H. & Van Der Hilst, R.D., 1999. Compositional stratification in the deep mantle, Science, 283, 1881-1884.
33. Kennett, B.L.N., 2006. On seismological reference models and the perceived nature of heterogeneity, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 159, 129-139.
34. Kennett, B.L.N. & Jackson, I., 2009. Optimal equations of state for mantle minerals from simultaneous non-linear inversion of multiple datasets, Phys. Earth planet. Int., 176, 98-108.
35. Kennett, B.L.N., Engdahl, E.R. & Buland, R., 1995. Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from traveltimes, Geophys. J. Int., 122, 108-124.
36. Khan, A., Connolly, J.A.D. & Olsen, N., 2006. Constraining the composition and thermal state of the mantle beneath Europe from inversion of long-period electromagnetic sounding data, J. geophys. Res., 111, B10102, doi:.
37. Khan, A., Connolly, J.A.D. & Taylor, S.R., 2008. Inversion of seismic and geodetic data for the major element chemistry and temperature of the Earth's mantle, J. geophys. Res., 113, B09308, doi:.
38. Li, B. & Liebermann, R.C., 2007. Indoor seismology by probing the Earth's interior by using sound velocity measurements at high pressures and temperatures, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 9145-9150.
39. Li, B., Liebermann, R.C. & Weidner, D.J., 1998. Elastic moduli of Wadsleyite (β-Mg2SiO4) to 7 gigapascals and 873 Kelvin, Science, 281, 675-677.
40. Mambole, A. & Fleitout, L., 2002. Petrological layering induced by an endothermic phase transition in the Earth's mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 2044, doi:.
41. Mao, Z. et al., 2008. Elasticity of hydrous wadsleyite to 12 GPa: implications for Earth's transition zone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L21305, doi:.
42. Matas, J. et al., 2007. On the bulk composition of the lower mantle: predictions and limitations from generalized inversion of radial seismic profiles, Geophys. J. Int., 170, 764-780.
43. Mattern, E., Matas, J., Ricard, Y. & Bass, J., 2005. Lower mantle composition and temperature from mineral physics and thermodynamic modelling, Geophys. J. Int., 160, 973-990.
44. McNamara, A.K. & Zhong, S., 2004. Thermochemical structures within a spherical mantle: superplumes or piles? J. geophys. Res., 109, B07402, doi:.
45. Mégnin, C. et al., 1997. Imaging 3-D spherical convection models: what can seismic tomography tell us about mantle dynamics? Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1299-1302.
46. Montagner, J.-P., 1994. Can seismology tell us anything about convection in the mantle? Rev. Geophys., 32, 115-137.
47. Murnaghan, F., 1951. Finite Deformation of an Elastic Solid, Wiley, New York, NY.
48. Nolet, G., Grand, S.P. & Kennett, B.L.N., 1994. Seismic heterogeneity in the upper mantle, J. geophys. Res., 99, 23 753-23 766.
49. Perrillat, J.-P. et al., 2006. Phase transformations of subducted basaltic crust in the upmost lower mantle, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 157, 139-149.
50. Ringwood, A.E., 1962. A model for the upper mantle, J. geophys. Res., 67, 857-867.
51. Ritsema, J., McNamara, A.K. & Bull, A.L., 2007. Tomographic filtering of geodynamic models: implications for model interpretation and large-scale mantle structure, J. geophys. Res., 112, B01303, doi:.
52. Ritsema, J., Xu, W., Stixrude, L. & Lithgow-Bertelloni, C., 2009. Estimates of the transition zone temperature in a mechanically mixed upper mantle, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 277, 244-252.
53. Schuberth, B.S.A. et al., 2009. Thermal versus elastic heterogeneity in high-resolution mantle circulation models with pyrolite composition: high plume excess temperatures in the lowermost mantle, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 10, Q01W01, doi:.
54. Shearer, P.M., 2000. Upper mantle seismic discontinuities American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, ETATS-UNIS.
55. da Silva, C.R.S. et al., 2000. The composition and geotherm of the lower mantle: constraints from the elasticity of silicate perovskite, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 118, 103-109.
56. Simmons, N.A., Forte, A.M. & Grand, S.P., 2009. Joint seismic, geodynamic and mineral physical constraints on three-dimensional mantle heterogeneity: implications for the relative importance of thermal versus compositional heterogeneity, Geophys. J. Int., 177, 1284-1304.
57. Stampfli, G.M. & Borel, G.D., 2002. A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrons, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 196, 17-33.
58. Stampfli, G.M. & Borel, G.D., 2004. The TRANSMED transects in space and time: constraints on the paleotectonic evolution of the Mediterranean domain, in The TRANSMED Atlas: the Mediterranean Region from Crust to Mantle, pp. 53-80, eds Cavazza, W., Roure, F., Spakman, W., Stampfli, G.M. & Ziegler, P., Springer Verlag, Berlin.
59. Stampfli, G.M. & Hochard, C., 2009. Plate tectonics of the Alpine realm, Geol. Soc., London, Special Publications, 327, 89-111.
60. Stixrude, L. & Lithgow-Bertelloni, C., 2005. Thermodynamics of mantle minerals-I. Physical properties, Geophys. J. Int., 162, 610-632.
61. Sun, S.-S., 1982. Chemical composition and origin of the Earth's primitive mantle, Geochem. cosmochim. Acta., 46, 179-192.
62. Tackley, P.J., 1998. Self-consistent generation of tectonic plates in three-dimensional mantle convection, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 157, 9-22.
63. Tackley, P.J., 2002. Strong heterogeneity caused by deep mantle layering, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3, 1024, doi:.
64. Tackley, P.J., Stevenson, D.J., Glatzmaier, G.A. & Schubert, G., 1993. Effects of an endothermic phase transition at 670 km depth in a spherical model of convection in the Earth's mantle, Nature, 361, 699-704.
65. Tackley, P.J., Xie, S., Nakagawa, T. & Hernlund, J.W., 2005. Numerical and laboratory studies of mantle convection: philosophy, accomplishments and thermo-chemical structure and evolution, in Earth's Deep Mantle: Structure, Composition, and Evolution, Geophysical Monograph Series 160, pp. 83-99, AGU, Washington, DC, doi:.
66. Tan, E. & Gurnis, M., 2007. Compressible thermochemical convection and application to lower mantle structures, J. geophys. Res., 112, B06304, doi:.
67. Trampert, J. & Van Der Hilst, R.D., 2005. Towards a quantitative interpretation of global seismic tomography, Geophysical Monograph, 160, 47-62.
68. Weidner, D.J., 1985. A mineral physics test of a pyrolite mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 417-420.
69. Xu, W., Lithgow-Bertelloni, C., Stixrude, L. & Ritsema, J., 2008. The effect of bulk composition and temperature on mantle seismic structure, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 275, 70-79.