Peripheral regulation of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor system in fish and other vertebrates

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology

Volumn 163, Issue 3-4, 2012, Pages 231-245

  Reindl, Katie M ^a   Sheridan, Mark A ^a  

^a NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Fish; Growth hormone binding protein; Growth hormone receptor; Insulin like growth factor binding protein; Insulin like growth factor 1 receptor

Indexed keywords

GROWTH HORMONE; GROWTH HORMONE BINDING PROTEIN; GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTOR; INSULIN; PHOSPHATASE; PROTEINASE; SEX HORMONE; SOMATOMEDIN; SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN; SOMATOMEDIN RECEPTOR; SOMATOSTATIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

FISH; HORMONE SYNTHESIS; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN INTERACTION; REVIEW; VERTEBRATE;

TELEOSTEI; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 84866357104     PISSN: 10956433     EISSN: 15314332     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.08.003     Document Type: Review

References (226)

1. Adams T.E., Hansen J.A., Starr R., Nicola N.A., Hilton D.J., Billestrup N. Growth hormone preferentially induces the rapid, transient expression of SOCS-3, a novel inhibitor of cytokine receptor signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:1285-1287.
2. Aegerter S., Jalabert B., Bobe J. Messenger RNA stockpile of cyclin B, insulin-like growth factor I, insulin-like growth factor II, insulin-like growth factor receptor Ib, and p53 in the rainbow trout oocyte in relation with developmental competence. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 2004, 67:127-135.
3. Albiston A.L., Herington A.C. Tissue distribution and regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the rat: comparison with IGF-I mRNA expression. Endocrinology 1992, 130:497-502.
4. Alele J., Jiang J., Goldsmith J.F., Yang X., Maheshwari H.G., Black R.A., Baumann G., Frank S.J. Blockade of growth hormone receptor shedding by a metalloprotease inhibitor. Endocrinology 1998, 139:1927-1935.
5. Allard J.B., Duan C. Comparative endocrinology of aging and longevity regulation. Front. Endocrinol. 2011, 2:75.
6. Amit T., Youdim M.B., Hochberg Z. Clinical review 112: does serum growth hormone (GH) binding protein reflect human GH receptor function?. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2000, 85:927-932.
7. Andress D.L., Birnbaum R.S. Human osteoblast-derived insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-5 stimulates osteoblast mitogenesis and potentiates IGF action. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267:22467-22472.
8. Ayson F.G., de Jesus-Ayson E.G.T., Takemura A. mRNA expression patterns for GH, PRL, SL, TGF-I and IGF-II during altered feeding status in rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2007, 150:196-204.
9. Ballesteros M., Leung K.C., Ross R.J., Iismaa T.P., Ho K.K. Distribution and abundance of messenger ribonucleic acid for growth hormone receptor isoforms in human tissues. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2000, 85:2865-2871.
10. Barnard R., Waters M.J. The serum growth hormone binding protein: pregnant with possibilities. J. Endocrinol. 1997, 153:1-14.
11. Barnard R., Thordarson G., Lopez M.F., Yamaguchi M., Edens A., Cramer S.D., Ogren L., Talamantes F. Expression of growth hormone-binding protein with a hydrophilic carboxyl terminus by the mouse placenta: studies in vivo and in vitro. J. Endocrinol. 1994, 140:125-135.
12. Baumann G., Amburn K., Shaw M.A. The circulating growth hormone (GH)-binding protein complex: a major constituent of plasma GH in man. Endocrinology 1988, 122:976-984.
13. Baumbach W.R., Horner D.L., Logan J.S. The growth hormone-binding protein in rat serum is an alternatively spliced form of the rat growth hormone receptor. Genes Dev. 1989, 3:1199-1205.
14. Baxter R.C., Zaltsman Z. Induction of hepatic receptors for growth hormone (GH) and prolactin by GH infusion is sex independent. Endocrinology 1984, 115:2009-2014.
15. Biga P.R., Schelling G.T., Hardy R.W., Cain K.D., Overturf K., Ott T.L. The effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on tissue IGF-I, IGF-I receptor, and GH mRNA levels in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2004, 135:324-333.
16. Billiard J., Grewal S.S., Lukaesko L., Stork P.J., Rotwein P. Hormonal control of insulin-like growth factor I gene transcription in human osteoblasts: dual actions of cAMP-dependent protein kinase on CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:31238-31246.
17. Binoux M. Importance of the IGF system in metabolic regulation. J. Annu. Diabetol. Hotel Dieu 1995, 1995:15-27.
18. Birzniece V., Sata A., Ho K.K.Y. Growth hormone receptor modulators. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 2009, 10:145-156.
19. Bjornsson B.T. The biology of salmon growth hormone: from daylight to dominance. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 1997, 17:9-24.
20. Boulware S.D., Tamborlane W.V., Matthews L.S., Sherwin R.S. Diverse effects of insulin-like growth factor I on glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. Am. J. Physiol. 1992, 262:E130-E133.
21. Braulke T., Tippmer S., Neher E., von Figura K. Regulation of the mannose 6-phosphate/IGF II receptor expression at the cell surface by mannose 6-phosphate, insulin like growth factors and epidermal growth factor. EMBO J. 1989, 8:681-686.
22. Butler A.A., LeRoith D. Minireview: tissue-specific versus generalized gene targeting of the igf1 and igf1r genes and their roles in insulin-like growth factor physiology. Endocrinology 2001, 142:1685-1688.
23. Caelers A., Berishvili G., Meli M., Eppler E., Reinecke M. Establishment of a real-time RT-PCR for the determination of absolute amounts of IGF-I and IGF-II gene expresion in liver and extrahepatic sites of the tilapia. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2004, 137:196-204.
24. Camacho-Hubner C., Busby W.H., McCusker R.H., Wright G., Clemmons D.R. Identification of the forms of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins produced by human fibroblasts and the mechanisms that regulate their secretion. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267:11949-11956.
25. Cameron C., Moccia R., Azevedo P.A., Leatherland J.F. Effect of diet and ration on the relationship between plasma GH and IGF-1 concentrations in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.). Aquacult. Res. 2007, 38:877-886.
26. Carmignac D.F., Gabrielsson B.G., Robinson I.C. Growth hormone binding protein in the rat: effects of gonadal steroids. Endocrinology 1993, 133:2445-2452.
27. Carnevali O., Cardinali M., Maradonna F., Parisi M., Olivotto I., Polzonetti-Magni A.M., Mosconi G., Funkenstein B. Hormonal regulation of hepatic IGF-I and IGF-II gene expression in the marine teleost Sparus aurata. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 2005, 71:12-18.
28. Carter-Su C., Schwartz J., Smit L.S. Molecular mechanism of growth hormone action. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1996, 58:187-207.
29. Caruso M.A., Sheridan M.A. New insights into the signaling system and function of insulin in fish. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2011, 173:227-247.
30. Cassio A., Cacciari E., Balsamo A., Colli C., Pasini A., Salvioli G.P., Lanari M., de Iasio R., Boschi S., Pirazzoli P. Low growth hormone-binding protein in infants with congenital hypothyroidism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1998, 83:3643-3646.
31. Chan S.J., Plisetskaya E.M., Urbinati E., Jin Y., Steiner D.F. Expression of multiple insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptor genes in salmon gill cartilage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1997, 94:12446-12551.
32. Chang J.P., Wong A.O.L. Growth Hormone Regulation in Fish: A Multifactorial Model with Hypothalamic, Peripheral and Local Autocrine/Paracrine Signals. Fish Physiology 2009, vol. 28:151-195. Academic Press, New York.
33. Chauvigne F., Gabillard J.C., Weil C., Rescan P.Y. Effect of refeeding on IGFI, IGFII, IGF receptors, FGF2, FGF6, and myostatin mRNA expression in rainbow trout myotomal muscle. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2003, 132:209-215.
34. Chen M., Huang X., Yuen D.S.H., Cheng C.H.K. A study on the functional interaction between the GH/PRL family of polypeptides with their receptors in zebrafish: evidence against GHR1 being the receptor for somatolactin. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2011, 337:114-121.
35. Cheng R., Chang K.M., Wu J.L. Different temporal expressions of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF binding protein-3 after growth hormone induction. Mar. Biotechnol. 2002, 4:218-225.
36. Clark R.G., Mortensen D.L., Carlsson L.M., Spencer S.A., McKay P., Mulkerrin M., Moore J., Cunningham B.C. Recombinant human growth hormone (GH)-binding protein enhances the growth-promoting activity of human GH in the rat. Endocrinology 1996, 137:4308-4315.
37. Cohick W.S., Clemmons D.R. Regulation of IGFBP secretion and modulation of cell growth in MDBK cells. Growth Regul. 1993, 3:20-23.
38. Cohick W.S., Clemmons D.R. The insulin-like growth factors. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1993, 131-153.
39. Contreras B., Talamantes F. Growth hormone (GH) and 17β-estradiol regulation of the expression of mouse GH receptor and GH-binding protein in cultured mouse hepatocytes. Endocrinology 1999, 140:4725-4731.
40. Dastot F., Sobrier M.L., Duquesnoy P., Duriez B., Goossens M., Amselem S. Alternatively spliced forms in the cytoplasmic domain of the human growth hormone (GH) receptor regulate its ability to generate a soluble GH-binding protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1996, 93:10723-10728.
41. Daughaday W.H., Rotwein P. Insulin-like growth factors I and II. Peptide, messenger ribonucleic acid and gene structures, serum, and tissue concentrations. Endocr. Rev. 1989, 10:68-91.
42. Davis L.K., Hiramatsu N., Hiramatsu K., Reading B.J., Matsubara T., Hara A., Sullivan C.V., Pierce A.L., Hirano T., Grau E.G. Induction of three vitellogenins by 17β-estradiol with concurrent inhibition of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor 1 axis in a euryhaline teleost, the tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Biol. Reprod. 2007, 77:614-625.
43. Davis L.K., Pierce A.L., Hiramatsu N., Sullivan C.V., Hirano T., Grau E.G. Gender-specific expression of multiple estrogen receptors, growth hormone receptors, insulin-like growth factors and vitellogenins, and effects of 17β-estradiol in the male tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2008, 156:544-551.
44. Daza D.O., Sundstrom G., Bergqvist C.A., Duan C., Larhammar D. Evolution of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family. Endocrinology 2011, 152:2278-2289.
45. Deng L., Zhang W.M., Lin H.R., Cheng C.H. Effects of food deprivation on expression of growth hormone receptor and proximate composition in liver of black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 2004, 137:421-432.
46. Denson L.A., Menon R.K., Shaufl A., Bajwa H.S., Williams C.R., Karpen S.J. TNF-alpha downregulates murine hepatic growth hormone receptor expression by inhibiting Sp1 and Sp3 binding. J. Clin. Invest. 2001, 107:1451-1458.
47. D'Ercole A.J., Applewhite G.T., Underwood L.E. Evidence that somatomedin is synthesized by multiple tissues in the fetus. Dev. Biol. 1980, 75:315-328.
48. Devlin R.H., Yesaki T.Y., Biagi C.A., Donaldson E.M., Swanson P., Chan W.K. Extraordinary salmon growth. Nature 1994, 371:209-210.
49. Dey B.R., Spence S.L., Nissley P., Furlanetto R.W. Interaction of human suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-2 with the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:24095-24101.
50. Duan C. Nutritional and developmental regulation of insulin-like growth factors in fish. J. Nutr. 1998, 128(2 Suppl.):306S-314S.
51. Duan C. Specifying the cellular responses to IGF signals: roles of IGF-binding proteins. J. Endocrinol. 2002, 175:41-54.
52. Duan C., Clemmons D.R. Differential expression and biological effects of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 and -5 in vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:16836-16842.
53. Duan C., Plisetskaya E.M. Nutritional regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA expression in salmon tissues. J. Endocrinol. 1993, 139:243-252.
54. Duan C., Xu Q.J. Roles of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins in regulating IGF actions. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2005, 142:44-52.
55. Duan C., Ding J., Li Q., Tsai W., Pozios K. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 is a growth inhibitory protein conserved in zebrafish. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1999, 96:15274-15279.
56. Duguay S.J., Park L.K., Samadpour M., Dickhoff W.W. Nucleotide sequence and tissue distribution of three insulin-like growth factor I prohormones in salmon. Mol. Endocrinol. 1992, 6:1202-1210.
57. Dyer A.R., Upton Z., Stone D., Thomas P.M., Soole K.L., Higgs N., Quinn K., Carragher J.F. Development and validation of a radioimmunoassay for fish insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and the effect of aquaculture related stressors on circulating IGF-I levels. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2004, 135:268-275.
58. Edens A., Talamantes F. Alternative processing of growth hormone receptor transcripts. Endocr. Rev. 1998, 19:559-582.
59. Ellens, E.R., Sheridan, M.A. in press. Molecular evolution and regulation of growth hormone signaling: Toward a highly integrated control system of growth. In: Moon, T.W. and Polakof, S. (Eds), Trout: From Physiology to Conservation. Nova Science, New York.
60. Ferry R.J., Cerri R.W., Cohen P. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins: new proteins, new functions. Horm. Res. 1999, 51:53-67.
61. Figueiredo M.D.A., Lanes C.F.C., Almeida D.V., Proietti M.C., Marins L.F. The effect of GH overexpression on GHR and IGF-I gene regulation in different genotypes of GH-transgenic zebrafish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. D 2007, 2:228-233.
62. Flores-Morales A., Greenhalgh C.J., Norstedt G., Rico-Bautista E. Negative regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling. Mol. Endocrinol. 2006, 20:241-253.
63. Fox B.K., Riley L.G., Hirano T., Grau E.G. Effects of fasting on growth hormone, growth hormone receptor, and insulin-like growth factor-I axis in seawater-acclimated tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2006, 148:340-347.
64. Frost R.A., Nystrom G.J., Lang C.H. Regulation of IGF-I mRNA and signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 and -5 (Stat-3 and -5) by GH in C2C12 myoblasts. Endocrinology 2002, 143:492-503.
65. Fryburg D.A. Insulin-like growth factor I exerts growth hormone- and insulin-like actions on human muscle protein metabolism. Am. J. Physiol. 1994, 267:E331-E336.
66. Fryburg D.A., Jahn L.A., Hill S.A., Oliveras D.M., Barrett E.J. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I enhance human skeletal muscle protein anabolism during hyperaminoacidemia by different mechanisms. J. Clin. Invest. 1995, 96:1722-1729.
67. Fukada H., Ozaki Y., Pierce A.L., Adachi S., Yamauchi K., Hara A., Swanson P., Dickhoff W.W. Salmon growth hormone receptor: molecular cloning, ligand specificity, and response to fasting. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2004, 139:61-71.
68. Fukada H., Ozaki Y., Pierce A.L., Adachi S., Yamauchi K., Hara A., Swanson P., Dickhoff W.W. Identification of the salmon somatolactin receptor, a new member of the cytokine receptor family. Endocrinology 2005, 146:2354-2361.
69. Fukamachi S., Meyer A. Evolution of receptors for growth hormone and somatolactin in fish and land vertebrates: lessons from the lungfish and sturgeon orthologues. J. Mol. Evol. 2007, 65:359-372.
70. Funk B., Kessler U., Eisenmenger W., Hansmann A., Kolb H.J., Kiess W. Expression of the insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor in multiple human tissues during fetal life and early infancy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1992, 75:424-431.
71. Gabillard J.C., Weil C., Rescan P.Y., Navarro I., Gutierrez J., Le Bail P.Y. Effects of environmental temperature on IGF1, IGF2, and IGF type I receptor expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2003, 133:233-242.
72. Gonzalez L., Curto L.M., Miquet J.G., Bartke A., Turyn D., Sotelo A.I. Differential regulation of membrane associated-growth hormone binding protein (MA-GHBP) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) expression by growth hormone (GH) in mouse liver. Growth Horm. IGF Res. 2007, 17:104-112.
73. Graichen R., Sandstedt J., Goh E.L., Isaksson O.G., Tornell J., Lobie P.E. The growth hormone-binding protein is a location-dependent cytokine receptor transcriptional enhancer. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278:6346-6354.
74. Gray E.S., Kelley K.M., Law S., Tsai R., Young G., Bern H.A. Regulation of hepatic growth hormone receptors in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 1992, 88:243-252.
75. Hagemeister A.L., Sheridan M.A. Somatostatin inhibits hepatic growth hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor I mRNA expression by activating the ERK and PI3K signaling pathways. Am. J. Physiol. 2008, 295:R490-R497.
76. Han Y., Leaman D.W., Watling D., Rogers N.C., Groner B., Kerr I.M., Wood W.I., Stark G.R. Participation of JAK and STAT proteins in growth hormone-induced signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271:5947-5952.
77. Hanson A., Poudyal D., Hagemeister A., Sheridan M.A. Somatostatin inhibits insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor mRNA expression in rainbow trout gill by activating the ERK and PI3K signaling pathways. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2009, 315:57-62.
78. Harrison S.M., Barnard R., Ho K.Y., Rajkovic I., Waters M.J. Control of growth hormone (GH) binding protein release from human hepatoma cells expressing full-length GH receptor. Endocrinology 1995, 136:651-659.
79. Harvey S., Hull K.L. Growth hormone. A paracrine growth factor?. Endocrine 1997, 7:267-279.
80. Harvey S., Johnson C.D., Sharma P., Sanders E.J., Hull K.L. Growth hormone: a paracrine growth factor in embryonic development?. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 1998, 119:305-315.
81. Harvey S., Azumaya Y., Hull K.L. Pituitary and extrapituitary growth hormone: pit-1 dependence?. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2000, 78:1013-1028.
82. Hawkes C., Kar S. The insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor: structure, distribution and function in the central nervous system. Brain Res. Rev. 2004, 44:117-140.
83. Hernandez O., Guillen I., Estrada M.P., Cabrera E., Pimentel R., Pina J.C., Abad Z., Sanchez V., Hidalgo Y., Martinez R., Lleonart R., de la Fuente J. Characterization of transgenic tilapia lines with different ectopic expression of tilapia growth hormone. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol. 1997, 6:364-375.
84. Huang W.T., Yu H.C., Hsu C.C., Liao C.F., Gong H.Y., Lin C.J., Wu J.L., Weng C.F. Steroid hormones (17β-estradiol and hydrocortisone) upregulate hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-3β and insulin-like growth factors I and II expression in the gonads of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in vitro. Theriogenology 2007, 68:988-1002.
85. Hull K.L., Harvey S. Autoregulation of growth hormone receptor and growth hormone binding protein transcripts in brain and peripheral tissues of the rat. Growth Horm. IGF Res. 1998, 8:167-173.
86. Jevdjovic T., Maake C., Zwimpfer C., Krey G., Eppler E., Zapf J., Reinecke M. The effect of hypophysectomy on pancreatic islet hormone and insulin-like growth factor I content and mRNA expressionin the rat. Histochem. Cell Biol. 2005, 123:179-188.
87. Jiao B., Huang X., Chan C.B., Zhang L., Wang D., Cheng C.H. The co-existence of two growth hormone receptors in teleost fish and their differential signal transduction, tissue distribution and hormonal regulation of expression in seabream. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 2006, 36:23-40.
88. Jones J.I., Clemmons D.R. Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions. Endocr. Rev. 1995, 16:3-34.
89. Jones J.I., Gockerman A., Busby W.H., Wright G., Clemmons D.R. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 stimulates cell migration and binds to the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin by means of its Arg-Gly-Asp sequence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1993, 90:10553-10557.
90. Julkunen M., Koistinen R., Aalto-Setala K., Seppala M., Janne O.A., Kontula K. Primary structure of human insulin-like growth factor-binding protein/placental protein 12 and tissue-specific expression of its mRNA. FEBS Lett. 1988, 236:295-302.
91. Kachra Z., Yang C.R., Murphy L.J., Posner B.I. The regulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 messenger ribonucleic acid in cultured rat hepatocytes: the roles of glucagon and growth hormone. Endocrinology 1994, 135:1722-1728.
92. Kajimura S., Uchida K., Yada T., Riley L.G., Byatt J.C., Collier R.J., Aida K., Hirano T., Grau E.G. Stimulation of insulin-like growth factor-I production by recombinant bovine growth hormone in Mozambique tiliapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 2001, 25:221-230.
93. Kajimura S., Hirano T., Visitacion N., Moriyama S., Aida K., Grau E.G. Dual mode of cortisol action on GH/IGF-I/IGF binding proteins in the tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. J. Endocrinol. 2003, 178:91-99.
94. Kamangar B.B., Gabillard J.C., Bobe J. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6 and IGFBP-related protein 1 during rainbow trout postvitellogenesis and oocyte maturation: molecular characterization, expression profiles, and hormonal regulation. Endocrinology 2006, 147:2399-2410.
95. Kamyar A., Pirola C.J., Wang H.M., Sharifi B., Mohan S., Forrester J.S., Fagin J.A. Expression and insulin-like growth factor-dependent proteolysis of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 are regulated by cell confluence in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ. Res. 1994, 74:576-585.
96. Kelley K.M., Schmidt K.E., Berg L., Sak K., Galima M.M., Gillespie C., Balogh L., Hawayek A., Reyes J.A., Jamison M. Comparative endocrinology of the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein. J. Endocrinol. 2002, 175:3-18.
97. Kittilson J., Jones E., Sheridan M.A. The ERK, PI3K/Akt, and JAK-STAT pathways are differentially activated by the two growth hormone receptor subtypes of a teleost fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Front. Endocrinol. 2011, 2(30):1-7.
98. Kulik V.P., Kavsan V.M., van Schaik F.M., Nolten L.A., Steenbergh P.H., Sussenbach J.S. The promoter of the salmon insulin-like growth factor I gene is activated by hepatocyte nuclear factor 1. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270:1068-1073.
99. Larsen D.A., Shimizu M., Cooper K.A., Swanson P., Dickhoff W.W. Androgen effects on plasma GH, IGF-I, and 41-kDa IGFBP in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2004, 139:29-37.
100. Laviola L., Natalicchio A., Giorgino F. The IGF-I signaling pathway. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2007, 13:663-669.
101. Le Roith D., Bondy C., Yakar S., Liu J.L., Butler A. The somatomedin hypothesis: 2001. Endocr. Rev. 2001, 22:53-74.
102. Lemmey A.B., Glassford J., Flick-Smith H.C., Holly J.M., Pell J.M. Differential regulation of tissue insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-3, IGF-I and IGF type 1 receptor mRNA levels, and serum IGF-I and IGFBP concentrations by growth hormone and IGF-I. J. Endocrinol. 1997, 154:319-328.
103. Lerner D.T., Bjornsson B.T., McCormick S.D. Larval exposure to 4-nonylphenol and 17β-estradiol affects physiological and behavioral development of seawater adaptation in Atlantic salmon smolts. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:4479-4485.
104. Leung K.C., Doyle N., Ballesteros M., Waters M.J., Ho K.K. Insulin regulation of human hepatic growth hormone receptors: divergent effects on biosynthesis and surface translocation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2000, 85:4712-4720.
105. Leung K.C., Johannsson G., Leong G.M., Ho K.K. Estrogen regulation of growth hormone action. Endocr. Rev. 2004, 25:693-721.
106. Leung L.Y., Kwong A.K., Man A.K., Woo N.Y. Direct actions of cortisol, thyroxine and growth hormone on IGF-I mRNA expression in sea bream hepatocytes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 2008, 151:705-710.
107. Li Y., Liu X., Zhang Y., Zhu P., Lin H. Molecular cloning, characterization and distribution of two types of growth hormone receptor in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2007, 152:111-122.
108. Liao Z., Zhu S.Q. Identification and characterization of GH receptor and serum GH-binding protein in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai) 2004, 36:811-816.
109. Liao Z., Chen X., Wu M. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) growth hormone receptor. Sci. China C Life Sci. 2009, 52:911-921.
110. Lim L., Spencer S.A., McKay P., Waters M.J. Regulation of growth hormone (GH) bioactivity by a recombinant human GH-binding protein. Endocrinology 1990, 127:1287-1291.
111. Liu J.P., Baker J., Perkins A.S., Robertson E.J., Efstratiadis A. Mice carrying null mutations of the genes encoding insulin-like growth factor I (Igf-1) and type 1 IGF receptor (Igf1r). Cell 1993, 75:59-72.
112. Lobie P.E., Garcia-Aragon J., Wang B.S., Baumbach W.R., Waters M.J. Cellular localization of the growth hormone binding protein in the rat. Endocrinology 1992, 130:3057-3065.
113. Lobie P.E., Wood T.J., Chen C.M., Waters M.J., Norstedt G. Nuclear translocation and anchorage of the growth hormone receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269:31735-31746.
114. Ma X., Liu X., Zhang Y., Zhu P., Ye W., Lin H. Two growth hormone receptors in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): molecular characterization, tissue distribution and expression profiles in the gonad during the reproductive cycle. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 2007, 147:325-339.
115. Maile L.A., Clemmons D.R. The alphaVbeta3 integrin regulates insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor phosphorylation by altering the rate of recruitment of the Src-homology 2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase-2 to the activated IGF-I receptor. Endocrinology 2002, 143:4259-4264.
116. Maiter D., Underwood L.E., Maes M., Ketelslegers J.M. Acute down-regulation of the somatogenic receptors in rat liver by a single injection of growth hormone. Endocrinology 1988, 122:1291-1296.
117. Mannor D.A., Winer L.M., Shaw M.A., Baumann G. Plasma growth hormone (GH)-binding proteins: effect on GH binding to receptors and GH action. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1991, 73:30-34.
118. Martini J.F., Pezet A., Guezennec C.Y., Edery M., Postel-Vinay M.C., Kelly P.A. Monkey growth hormone (GH) receptor gene expression. Evidence for two mechanisms for the generation of the GH binding protein. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272:18951-18958.
119. Mathews L.S., Enberg B., Norstedt G. Regulation of rat growth hormone receptor gene expression. J. Biol. Chem. 1989, 264:9905-9910.
120. Maures T., Chan S.J., Xu B., Sun H., Ding J., Duan C. Structural, biochemical, and expression analysis of two distinct insulin-like growth factor I receptors and their ligands in zebrafish. Endocrinology 2002, 143:1858-1871.
121. McCormick S.D. Endocrine control of osmoregulation in teleost fish. Am. Zool. 2001, 41:781-794.
122. Mendez E., Planas J., Castillo J., Navarro I., Gutierrez J. Identification of a type II insulin-like growth factor receptor in fish embryos. Endocrinology 2001, 142:1090-1097.
123. Menon R.K., Stephan D.A., Rao R.H., Shen-Orr Z., Downs L.S., Roberts C.T., LeRoith D., Sperling M.A. Tissue-specific regulation of the growth hormone receptor gene in streptozocin-induced diabetes in the rat. J. Endocrinol. 1994, 142:453-462.
124. Meton I., Boot E.P., Sussenbach J.S., Steenbergh P.H. Growth hormone induces insulin-like growth factor-I gene transcription by a synergistic action of STAT5 and HNF-1alpha. FEBS Lett. 1999, 444:155-159.
125. Mohan S., Baylink D.J. IGF-binding proteins are multifunctional and act via IGF-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J. Endocrinol. 2002, 175:19-31.
126. Monami G., Emiliozzi V., Morrione A. Grb10/Nedd4-mediated multiubiquitination of the insulin-like growth factor receptor regulates receptor internalization. J. Cell. Physiol. 2008, 216:426-437.
127. Moon T.W., Castejon C., Banos N., Maestro M.A., Plisetskaya E.M., Gutierrez J., Navarro I. Insulin and IGF-I binding in isolated trout cardiomyocytes. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 1996, 103:264-272.
128. Moriyama S. Increased plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) following oral and intraperitoneal administration of growth hormone to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Growth Regul. 1995, 5:164-167.
129. Myers M.G., Mendez R., Shi P., Pierce J.H., Rhoads R., White M.F. The COOH-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation sites on IRS-1 bind SHP-2 and negatively regulate insulin signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:26908-26914.
130. Nakao N., Tanaka M., Higashimoto Y., Nakashima K. Molecular cloning, identification and characterization of four distinct receptor subtypes for insulin and IGF-I in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. J. Endocrinol. 2002, 173:365-375.
131. Nam Y.K., Noh J.K., Cho Y.S., Cho H.J., Cho K.N., Kim C.G., Kim D.S. Dramatically accelerated growth and extraordinary gigantism of transgenic mud loach Misgurnus mizolepis. Transgenic Res. 2001, 10:353-362.
132. Nolten L.A., Steenbergh P.H., Sussenbach J.S. The hepatocyte nuclear factor 3beta stimulates the transcription of the human insulin-like growth factor I gene in a direct and indirect manner. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271:31846-31854.
133. Norbeck L.A., Sheridan M.A. Regulation of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor system by cortisol and thyroxine in rainbow trout. Annual Meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, Seattle, WA, January 3-7, 2010 2010.
134. Norbeck L.A., Sheridan M.A. An in vitro model for evaluating the peripheral regulation of growth in fish: effects of 17β-estradiol and testosterone on the expression of growth hormone receptors, insulin-like growth factors, and insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptors in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2011, 173:270-280.
135. Norbeck L.A., Kittilson J.D., Sheridan M.A. Resolving the growth-promoting and metabolic effects of growth hormone: differential regulation of GH-IGF-I system components. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2007, 151:332-341.
136. 125I-insulin-like growth factor II degradation by modulating the IGF-II receptor recycling process. J. Biol. Chem. 1985, 260:9435-9442.
137. Ozaki Y., Fukada H., Kazeto Y., Adachi S., Hara A., Yamauchi K. Molecular cloning and characterization of growth hormone receptor and its homologue in the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 2006, 143:422-431.
138. Palamarchuk A.Y., Holthuizen P.E., Muller W.E., Sussenbach J.S., Kavsan V.M. Organization and expression of the chum salmon insulin-like growth factor II gene. FEBS Lett. 1997, 416:344-348.
139. Palamarchuk A.Y., Kavsan V.M., Sussenbach J.S., Holthuizen P.E. The chum salmon IGF-II gene promoter is activated by hepatocyte nuclear factor 3β. FEBS Lett. 1999, 446:251-255.
140. Palamarchuk A.Y., Kavsan V.M., Sussenbach J.S., Holthuizen P.E. The chum salmon insulin-like growth factor II promoter requires Sp1 for its activation by C/EBPβ. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2001, 172:57-67.
141. Pedroso F.L., de Jesus-Ayson E.G., Cortado H.H., Hyodo S., Ayson F.G. Changes in mRNA expression of grouper (Epinephelus coioides) growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I in response to nutritional status. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2006, 145:237-246.
142. Perez-Sanchez J., Martipalanca H., Kaushik S.J. Ration size and protein intake affect circulating growth hormone concentration, hepatic growth hormone binding and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I immunoreactivity in a marine teleost, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). J. Nutr. 1995, 125:546-552.
143. Peruzzi F., Prisco M., Dews M., Salomoni P., Grassilli E., Romano G., Calabretta B., Baserga R. Multiple signaling pathways of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in protection from apoptosis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1999, 19:7203-7215.
144. Peterson B.C., Small B.C. Effects of exogenous cortisol on the GH/IGF-I/IGFBP network in channel catfish. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 2005, 28:391-404.
145. Peterson B.C., Waldbieser G.C. Effects of fasting on IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGF-binding protein mRNA concentrations in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 2009, 37:74-83.
146. Peterson B.C., Waldbieser G.C., Bilodeau L. Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin on growth and abundance of mRNA for IGF-I and IGF-II in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). J. Anim. Sci. 2005, 83:816-824.
147. Peterson B.C., Bilodeau-Burgeois A.L., Small B.C. Response of the somatotropic axis to alterations in feed intake of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 2009, 153:457-463.
148. Picha M.E., Silverstein J.T., Borski R.J. Discordant regulation of hepatic IGF-I mRNA and circulating IGF-I during compensatory growth in a teleost, the hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops×Marone sexatilis). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2006, 147:196-205.
149. Picha M.E., Turano M.J., Tipsmark C.K., Borski R.J. Regulation of endocrine and paracrine sources of igfs and gh receptor during compensatory growth in hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops×Morone saxatilis). J. Endocrinol. 2008, 199:81-94.
150. Picha M.E., Turano M.J., Beckman B.R., Borski R.R. Endocrine biomarkers of growth and applications to aquaculture: a mini review of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-binding proteins and potential growth indicators in fish. N. Am. J. Aquacult. 2008, 70:196-211.
151. Pierce A.L., Fukada H., Dickhoff W.W. Metabolic hormones modulate the effect of growth hormone (GH) on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) mRNA level in primary culture of salmon hepatocytes. J. Endocrinol. 2005, 184:341-349.
152. Pierce A.L., Shimizu M., Beckman B.R., Baker D.M., Dickhoff W.W. Time course of the GH/IGF axis response to fasting and increased ration in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2005, 140:192-202.
153. Pierce A.L., Shimizu M., Felli L., Swanson P., Dickhoff W.W. Metabolic hormones regulate insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 mRNA levels in primary cultured salmon hepatocytes; lack of inhibition by insulin. J. Endocrinol. 2006, 191:379-386.
154. Pierce A.L., Fox B.K., Davis L.K., Visitacion N., Kitahashi T., Hirano T., Grau E.G. Prolactin receptor, growth hormone receptor, and putative somatolactin receptor in Mozambique tilapia: tissue specific expression and differential regulation by salinity and fasting. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2007, 154:31-40.
155. Pierce A.L., Dickey J.T., Felli L., Swanson P., Dickhoff W.W. Metabolic hormones regulate basal and growth hormone-dependent igf2 mRNA level in primary cultured coho salmon hepatocytes: effects of insulin, glucagon, dexamethasone, and triiodothyronine. J. Endocrinol. 2009, 204:331-339.
156. Piwien-Pilipuk G., Huo J.S., Schwartz J. Growth hormone signal transduction. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 2002, 15:771-786.
157. Ponce M., Infante C., Funes V., Manchado M. Molecular characterization and gene expression analysis of insulin-like growth factors I and II in the redbanded seabream, Pagrus auriga: transcriptional regulation by growth hormone. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 2008, 150:418-426.
158. Poppinga J., Kittilson J., McCormick S.D., Sheridan M.A. Effects of somatostastin on the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factors axis and seawater adaptation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 2007, 273:312-319.
159. Postel-Vinay M.C., Finidori J. Growth hormone receptor: structure and signal transduction. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 1995, 133:654-659.
160. Pozios K.C., Ding J., Degger B., Upton Z., Duan C. IGFs stimulate zebrafish cell proliferation by activating MAP kinase and PI3-kinase-signaling pathways. Am. J. Physiol. 2001, 280:R1230-R1239.
161. Radaelli G., Domeneghini C., Arrighi S., Bosi G., Patruno M., Funkenstein B. Localization of IGF-I, IGF-I receptor, and IGFBP-2 in developing Umbrina cirrosa (Pisces: Osteichthyes). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2003, 130:232-244.
162. Reindl K.M., Kittilson J.D., Sheridan M.A. Differential ligand binding and agonist-induced regulation characteristics of the two rainbow trout GH receptors, Ghr1 and Ghr2, in transfected cells. J. Endocrinol. 2009, 202:463-471.
163. Reindl K.M., Kittilson J.D., Bergan H.E., Sheridan M.A. Growth hormone-stimulated insulin-like growth factor-1 expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes is mediated by ERK, PI3K-AKT, and JAK-STAT. Am. J. Physiol. 2011, 301:R236-R243.
164. Reinecke M. Influences of the environment on the endocrine and paracrine fish growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-I system. J. Fish Biol. 2010, 76:1233-1254.
165. Reinecke M., Bjornsson B.T., Dickhoff W.W., McCormick S.D., Navarro I., Power D.M., Gutierrez J. Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors in fish: where we are and where to go. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2005, 142:20-24.
166. Riley L.G., Hirano T., Grau E.G. Estradiol-17β and dihydrotestosterone differentially regulate vitellogenin and insulin-like growth factor-I production in primary hepatocytes of the tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 2004, 138:177-186.
167. Rodgers B.D., Roalson E.H., Thompson C. Phylogenetic analysis of the insulin-like growh factor binding protein (IGFBP) and IGFBP-related protein gene families. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2008, 155:201-207.
168. Roelen C.A., Koppeschaar H.P., de Vries W.R., Doerga M.E., Snel Y.E., Bol E., Zelissen P.M., Thijssen J.H., Blankenstein M.A. High-affinity growth hormone (GH)-binding protein (GHBP), body fat mass, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 predict the GHBP response to GH therapy in adult GH deficiency syndrome. Metabolism 1999, 48:314-318.
169. Romanelli R.J., LeBeau A.P., Fulmer C.G., Lazzarino D.A., Hochberg A., Wood T.L. Insulin-like growth factor type-I receptor internalization and recycling mediate the sustained phosphorylation of Akt. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282:22513-22524.
170. Rotwein P., Billiard J., Woelfle J. Molecular physiology of IGF-I expression. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 2002, 15(Suppl. 5):1455-1458.
171. Sadowski T., Dietrich S., Koschinsky F., Sedlacek R. Matrix metalloproteinase 19 regulates insulin-like growth factor-mediated proliferation, migration, and adhesion in human keratinocytes through proteolysis of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3. Mol. Biol. Cell 2003, 14:4569-4580.
172. Saera-Vila A., Calduch-Giner J.A., Perez-Sanchez J. Duplication of growth hormone receptor (GHR) in fish genome: gene organization and transcriptional regulation of GHR type I and II in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2005, 142:193-203.
173. Saera-Vila A., Calduch-Giner J.A., Perez-Sanchez J. Co-expression of IGFs and GH receptors (GHRs) in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.): sequence analysis of the GHR-flanking region. J. Endocrinol. 2007, 194:361-372.
174. Saito Y., Teshima R., Takagi K., Ikebuchi H., Yamazaki T., Sawada J. Activation of protein kinase C alpha enhances human growth hormone-binding protein release. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1998, 146:197-205.
175. Sakamoto T., Hirano T. Expression of insulin-like growth factor I gene in osmoregulatory organs during seawater adaptation of the salmonid fish: possible mode of osmoregulatory action of growth hormone. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1993, 90:1912-1916.
176. Schantl J.A., Roza M., Van Kerkhof P., Strous G.J. The growth hormone receptor interacts with its sheddase, the tumour necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE). Biochem. J. 2004, 377:379-384.
177. Schayek H., Bentov I., Rotem I., Pasmanik-Chor M., Ginsberg D., Plymate S.R., Werner H. Transcription factor E2F1 is a potent transactivator of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) gene. Growth Horm. IGF Res. 2010, 20:68-72.
178. Schmid A.C., Lutz I., Kloas W., Reinecke M. Thyroid hormone stimulates hepatic IGF-I mRNA expression in a bony fish, the tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus, in vitro and in vivo. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2003, 130:129-134.
179. Schwander J.C., Hauri C., Zapf J., Froesch E.R. Synthesis and secretion of insulin-like growth factor and its binding protein by the perfused rat liver: dependence on growth hormone status. Endocrinology 1983, 113:297-305.
180. Schwartzbauer G., Menon R.K. Regulation of growth hormone receptor gene expression. Mol. Genet. Metab. 1998, 63:243-253.
181. Schwartzbauer G., Yu J.H., Cheng H., Menon R.K. Transcription factor MSY-1 regulates expression of the murine growth hormone receptor gene. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:24760-24769.
182. Senior P.V., Byrne S., Brammar W.J., Beck F. Expression of the IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor mRNA and protein in the developing rat. Development 1990, 109:67-73.
183. Shamblott M.J., Chen T.T. Age-related and tissue-specific levels of five forms of insulin-like growth factor mRNA in a teleost. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol. 1993, 2:351-361.
184. Shamblott M.J., Cheng C.M., Bolt D., Chen T.T. Appearance of insulin-like growth factor mRNA in the liver and pyloric ceca of a teleost in response to exogenous growth hormone. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1995, 92:6943-6946.
185. Shamblott M.J., Leung S., Greene M.W., Chen T.T. Characterization of a teleost insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) gene: evidence for promoter CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) sites, and the presence of hepatic C/EBP. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol. 1998, 7:181-190.
186. Sheridan M.A., Hagemeister A.L. Somatostatin and somatostatin receptors in fish growth. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2010, 167:360-365.
187. Shimizu M., Swanson P., Hara A., Dickhoff W.W. Purification of a 41-kDa insulin-like growth factor binding protein from serum of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2003, 132:103-111.
188. Shimizu M., Dickey J.T., Fukada H., Dickhoff W.W. Salmon serum 22 kDa insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) is IGFBP-1. J. Endocrinol. 2005, 184:267-276.
189. Shimizu M., Fukada H., Hara A., Dickhoff W.W. Response of the salmon somatotropic axis to growth hormone administration under two different salinities. Aquaculture 2007, 273:320-328.
190. Shimizu M., Cooper K.A., Dickhoff W.W., Beckman B.R. Postprandial changes in plasma growth hormone, insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-binding proteins in coho salmon fasted for varying periods. Am. J. Physiol. 2009, 297:R352-R361.
191. Shimizu M., Kishimoto K., Yamaguchi T., Nakano T., Hara A., Dickhoff W.W. Circulating salmon 28- and 22-kDa insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are orthologs of IGFBP-1. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2011, 174:97-106.
192. Shimizu M., Suzuki S., Horikoshi M., Hara A., Dickhoff W.W. Circulating salmon 41-kDa insulin-like grwtoh factor binding protein (IGFBP) is not IGFBP-3 but an IGFBP-2 subtype. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2011, 171:326-331.
193. Small B.C., Murdock C.A., Waldbieser G.C., Peterson B.C. Reduction in channel catfish hepatic growth hormone receptor expression in response to food deprivation and exogenous cortisol. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 2006, 31:340-356.
194. Sohm F., Manfroid I., Pezet A., Rentier-Delrue F., Rand-Weaver M., Kelly P.A., Boeuf G., Postel-Vinay M.C., de Luze A., Edery M. Identification and modulation of a growth hormone-binding protein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) plasma during seawater adaptation. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 1998, 111:216-224.
195. Sotiropoulos A., Goujon L., Simonin G., Kelly P.A., Postel-Vinay M.C., Finidori J. Evidence for generation of the growth hormone-binding protein through proteolysis of the growth hormone membrane receptor. Endocrinology 1993, 132:1863-1865.
196. Stannard B., Blakesley V., Kato H., Roberts C.T., LeRoith D. Single tyrosine substitution in the insulin-like growth factor I receptor inhibits ligand-induced receptor autophosphorylation and internalization, but not mitogenesis. Endocrinology 1995, 136:4918-4924.
197. Starr R., Willson T.A., Viney E.M., Murray L.J., Rayner J.R., Jenkins B.J., Gonda T.J., Alexander W.S., Metcalf D., Nicola N.A., Hilton D.J. A family of cytokine-inducible inhibitors of signalling. Nature 1997, 387:917-921.
198. Talamantes F., Ortiz R. Structure and regulation of expression of the mouse GH receptor. J. Endocrinol. 2002, 175:55-59.
199. Tanno S., Mitsuuchi Y., Altomare D.A., Xiao G.H., Testa J.R. AKT activation up-regulates insulin-like growth factor I receptor expression and promotes invasiveness of human pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2001, 61:589-593.
200. Taylor J.F., Migaud H., Porter M.J., Bromage N.R. Photoperiod influences growth rate and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I levels in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2005, 142:169-185.
201. Teglund S., McKay C., Schuetz E., van Deursen J.M., Stravopodis D., Wang D., Brown M., Bodner S., Grosveld G., Ihle J.N. Stat5a and Stat5b proteins have essential and nonessential, or redundant, roles in cytokine responses. Cell 1998, 93:841-850.
202. Tiong T.S., Herington A.C. Tissue distribution, characterization, and regulation of messenger ribonucleic acid for growth hormone receptor and serum binding protein in the rat. Endocrinology 1991, 129:1628-1634.
203. Tsalavouta M., Astudillo O., Byrnes L., Nolan C.M. Regulation of expression of zebrafish (Danio rerio) insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor: implications for evolution at the IGF2R locus. Evol. Dev. 2009, 11:546-558.
204. Tse M.C., Vong Q.P., Cheng C.H., Chan K.M. PCR-cloning and gene expression studies in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) insulin-like growth factor-II. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2002, 1575:63-74.
205. Turyn D., Dominici F.P., Sotelo A.I., Bartke A. Growth hormone-binding protein enhances growth hormone activity in vivo. Am. J. Physiol. 1997, 273:E549-E556.
206. Uchida K., Kajimura S., Riley L.G., Hirano T., Aida K., Grau E.G. Effects of fasting on growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis in the tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 2003, 134:429-439.
207. Umayahara Y., Ji C., Centrella M., Rotwein P., McCarthy T.L. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta activates insulin-like growth factor-I gene transcription in osteoblasts. Identification of a novel cyclic AMP signaling pathway in bone. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272:31793-31800.
208. Umayahara Y., Billiard J., Ji C., Centrella M., McCarthy T.L., Rotwein P. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta is a critical regulator of insulin-like growth factor-I gene transcription in osteoblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274:10609-10617.
209. Very N.M., Sheridan M.A. Somatostatin regulates hepatic growth hormone sensitivity by internalizing growth hormone receptors and by decreasing transcription of growth hormone receptor mRNAs. Am. J. Physiol. 2007, 292:R1956-R1962.
210. Very N.M., Sheridan M.A. Somatostatin inhibits insulin-like growth factor-I receptor expression in the gill of a teleost fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FEBS lett. 2007, 581:4773-4777.
211. Very N.M., Kittilson J.D., Norbeck L.A., Sheridan M.A. Isolation, characterization, and distribution of two cDNAs encoding for growth hormone receptor in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 2005, 140:615-628.
212. Very N.M., Kittilson J.D., Klein S.E., Sheridan M.A. Somatostatin inhibits basal and growth hormone-stimulated hepatic insulin-like growth factor-I production. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2008, 281:19-26.
213. Very N.M., Norbeck L.A., Kittilson J.D., Sheridan M.A. Regulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors. 8th International Congress on the Biology of Fish, Portland, OR, July 28-August 1, 2008 2008.
214. Vong Q.P., Chan K.M., Cheng C.H. Quantification of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA by real-time PCR: differential regulation of expression by GH. J. Endocrinol. 2003, 178:513-521.
215. Wang Y., Zhang S. Expression and regulation by thyroid hormone (TH) of zebrafish IGF-I gene and amphioxus IGFl gene with implication of the origin of TH/IGF signaling pathway. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 2011, 160:474-479.
216. White Y.A., Kyle J.T., Wood A.W. Targeted gene knockdown in zebrafish reveals distinct intraembryonic functions for insulin-like growth factor II signaling. Endocrinology 2009, 150:4366-4375.
217. Wilkinson R.J., Elliott P., Carragher J.F., Francis G. Expression, purification, and in vitro characterization of recombinant salmon insulin-like growth factor-II. Protein Expr. Purif. 2004, 35:334-343.
218. Wilkinson R.J., Porter M., Woolcott H., Longland R., Carragher J.F. Effects of aquaculture related stressors and nutritional restriction on circulating growth factors (GH, IGF-I and IGF-II) in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 2006, 145:214-224.
219. Wood A.W., Duan C., Bern H.A. Insulin-like growth factor signaling in fish. Int. Rev. Cytol. 2005, 243:215-285.
220. Yakar S., Liu J.L., Stannard B., Butler A., Accili D., Sauer B., LeRoith D. Normal growth and development in the absence of hepatic insulin-like growth factor I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1999, 96:7324-7329.
221. Yamasaki H., Prager D., Melmed S. Structure-function of the human insulin-like growth factor-I receptor: a discordance of somatotroph internalization and signaling. Mol. Endocrinol. 1993, 7:681-685.
222. Yee D., Van Den Berg C.L., Kozelsky T.W., Kuhn J.G., Cox G.N. Pharmacokinetic profile of recombination human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in athymic mice. Biomed. Pharmacother. 1996, 50:154-157.
223. Yu J.H., Schwartzbauer G., Kazlman A., Menon R.K. Role of the Sp family of transcription factors in the ontogeny of growth hormone receptor gene expression. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274:34327-34336.
224. Zhang Y., Marchant T.A. Identification of serum GH-binding proteins in the goldfish (Carassius auratus) and comparison with mammalian GH-binding proteins. J. Endocrinol. 1999, 161:255-262.
225. Zhang P.J., Hayat M., Joyce C., Gonzalezvillasenor L.I., Lin C.M., Dunham R.A., Chen T.T., Powers D.A. Gene-transfer, expression and inheritance of PRSV-rainbow trout-GH cDNA in the Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus). Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1990, 25:3-13.
226. Zhang Y., Jiang J., Black R.A., Baumann G., Frank S.J. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) is a growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) sheddase: the metalloprotease TACE/ADAM-17 is critical for (PMA-induced) GH receptor proteolysis and GHBP generation. Endocrinology 2000, 141:4342-4348.