Bullying and victimization in ethnically diverse schools: Risk and protective factors on the individual and class level

International Journal of Developmental Sciences

Volumn 5, Issue 1-2, 2011, Pages 73-84

  Stefanek, Elisabeth ^a   Strohmeier, Dagmar ^a   Van De Schoot, Rens ^b   Spiel, Christiane ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

bullying; ethnic diversity; hierarchical linear modeling; immigrant youth; victimization

Indexed keywords

EID: 84865298001     PISSN: 2192001X     EISSN: 21917485     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/DEV-2011-11073     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Allport, G.W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Perseus Books, Cambridge.
2. Atria, M., Strohmeier, D., & Spiel, C. (2007). The relevance of the school class as social unit for the prevalence of bullying and victimization. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 4, 372-387.
3. Bergmüller, S., & Wiesner, C. (2009). Schulische Gewalt- und Aggressionserfahrungen 15-/16-Jähriger. In C. Schreiner & U. Schwantner (Eds.), PISA 2006. Österreichischer Expertenbericht zum Naturwissenschafts-Schwerpunkt (pp. 314-320) Leykam, Graz.
4. Boulton, M.J. (1995). Patterns of bully/victim problems in mixed race groups of children. Social Development, 4, 277-293.
5. Chang, L. (2004). The role of classroom norms in contextualizing the relations of childrens social behaviors to peer acceptance. Developmental Psychology, 40, 691-702.
6. Craig, W.M., & Harel, Y. (2004). Bullying, physical fighting and victimization. In C. Currie (Eds.), Health behaviour in schoolaged children: AWHOcross national study (pp. 133-144). WHO, Genf.
7. Eder, F., & Mayr, J. (2000). Linzer Fragebogen zum Schul- und Klassenklima für die 4.-8. Klassenstufe (LFSK 4-8). Hogrefe, Göttingen.
8. Enders, C.K., & Bandolos, D.L. (2001). The relative performance to full information maximum likelihood estimation for missing data en structural equation models. Structural Equation Modelling, 8, 430-457.
9. Espelage, D.L., Bosworth, K., & Simon, T.R. (2001). Short-term stability and prospective correlates of bullying in middle-school students: An examination of potential demographic, psychosocial, and environmental influences. Violence and Victims, 16, 411-426.
10. Fandrem, H., Ertesvag, S.K., Strohmeier, D., & Roland, E. (2010). Bullying and affiliation: A study of peer groups in native and immigrant adolescents in Norway. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 7, 401-418.
11. Fandrem, H., Strohmeier, D., & Roland, E. (2009). Bullying and victimization among Norwegian and immigrant adolescents in Norway: The role of proactive and reactive aggressiveness. Journal of Early Adolescence, 29, 898-923.
12. Graham, S., & Juvonen, J. (2002). Ethnicity, peer harassment, and adjustment in middle school: An exploratory study. Journal of Early Adolescence, 22, 173-199.
13. Hanish, L.D., & Guerra, N.G. (2000). The roles of ethnicity and school context in predicting childrens victimization by peers. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28, 201-223.
14. Henry, D., Guerra, N.G., Huesmann, R.L., Tolan, P., Van Acker, R., & Eron, L. (2000). Normative influences on aggression in urban elementary school classrooms. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28, 59-81.
15. Jackson, M.F., Barth, J.M., Powell, N., & Lochman, J.E. (2006). Classroom contextual effects of race on childrens peer nominations. Child Development, 77, 1325-1337.
16. Juvonen, J.,Galvan, A. (2008). Peer influence in involuntary social groups: Lessons from research on bullying. In M. Prinstein, & A.K. Dodge (Eds.), Peer influence processes among youth (pp. 225-244). Guilford Press, New York.
17. Juvonen, J., Nishina, A., & Graham, S. (2006). Ethnic diversity and perceptions of safety in urban middle schools. Psychological Science, 17, 393-400.
18. Kärnä, A., Salmivalli, C., Poskiparta, E., & Voeten, M.J.M. (2008). Do bystanders influence the frequency of bullying in a classroom? Paper presented at the The XIth EARA conference, Turin, Italy.
19. Lee, V.E. (2000). Using hierarchical linear modeling to study social contexts: The case of school effects. Educational Psychologist, 35, 125-141.
20. McKenny, K.S., Pepler, D.J., Craig, W.M., & Connolly, J. (2006). Peer victimization and psychosocial adjustment: The experiences of Canadian immigrant youth. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 4, 239-264.
21. Muthén, L.K. & Muthén, B.O. (2007). Mplus Users guide (5th ed.), Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles.
22. Nansel, T.R., Overpeck, M.D., Pilla, R.S., Ruan, J.W., Simons-Morton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behaviors among US youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 2094-2100.
23. Olweus, D. (1991). Bully/victim problems among schoolchildren: Basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. In D.J. Pepler,&H.K. Rubin (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 411-448). Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
24. Pellegrini, A.D., & Long, J.D. (2002). A longitunidinal study of bullying, dominance, and victimization during the transition from primary school through secondary school. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20, 259-280.
25. Pepler, D.J., Jiang, D.P., Craig, W., & Connolly, J. (2008). Developmental trajectories of bullying and associated factors. Child Development, 79, 325-338.
26. Raudenbush, S.W.,Byrk, A.S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Sage Pub, Thousand Oaks, California.
27. Roland, E. (1989). A system oriented strategy against bullying. In E. Roland, & E. Munthe (Eds.), Bullying: An international perspective( pp. 143-151). David Fulton, London.
28. Roland, E.,Galloway, D. (2002). Classroom influences on bullying. Educational Research, 44, 299-312.
29. Salmivalli, C. (2010). Bullying and the peer group: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15, 112-120.
30. Salmivalli, C., Kaukiainen, A.,Voeten, M.,Sinisammal, M. (2004). Targeting the group as a whole: The Finnish anti-bullying intervention. In P.K. Smith, D.J. Pepler, & K. Rigby (Eds.), Bullying in schools: How successful can interventions be? (pp. 251-273). University Press, Cambrigde.
31. Scheithauer, H., Hayer, T., Petermann, F., & Jugert, G. (2006). Physical, verbal, and relational forms of bullying among German students: Age trends, gender differences, and correlates. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 261-275.
32. Scholte, R.H.J., Engels, R.C.M.E., Overbeek, G., deKemp, R.A.T., Haselager, G.J.T. (2007). Stability in bullying and victimization and its association with social adjustment in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 217-228.
33. Schwarz, G. (1978). Estimating the dimension of a model. Annals of Statistics, 6, 461-465.
34. Spiel, C., & Strohmeier, D. (2007). Generalstrategie zur Gewaltprävention an österreichischen Schulen und Kindergärten: Gemeinsam gegen Gewalt. Projektbericht Universität Wien, Wien.
35. Spiel, C., Strohmeier, D., Schabmann, A., & Bergsmann, E. (2008). Bericht über die Pilotstudie zu PISA 2009: Gewalt zwischen Schülerinnen und Schülern - Täter und Opfer. Projektbericht Universität Wien, Wien.
36. Statistic Austria, (2010). Migration und Integration Zahlen. Daten, Indikatoren. Statistic Austria, Vienna.
37. Strohmeier, D., Nestler, D.,Spiel, C. (2006). Freundschaftsmuster, Freundschaftsqualität und aggressives Verhalten von Immigrantenkindern in der Grundschule. Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung, 1, 21-37.
38. Strohmeier, D., & Spiel, C. (2003). Immigrant children in Austria: Aggressive behavior and friendship patterns in multicultural school classes. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 19, 99-116.
39. Strohmeier, D., Spiel, C.,Gradinger, P. (2008). Social relationships in multicultural schools: Bullying and victimization. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 5, 262-285.
40. Swearer, S.M., Espelage, D.L. (2004). A social-ecological framework of bullying among youth. In L.D. Espelage,&S.M. Swearer Bullying in American schools: A social-ecological perspective on prevention and intervention (pp. 1-12). Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc Publ., Mahwah.
41. Verkuyten, M., & Thijs, J. (2002). Racist victimization among children in The Netherlands: The effect of ethnic group and school. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 25, 310-331.
42. Verkuyten, M., & Thijs, J. (2006). Ethnic discrimination and global self-worth in early adolescents: The mediating role of ethnic self esteem. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 30, 107-116.
43. Vervoort, M.H.M., Scholte, R.H.J., & Overbeek, G. (2010). Bullying and victimization among adolescents: The role of ethnicity and ethnic composition of school class. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 1-11.
44. Wright, J.C., Giammarino, M., & Parad, H.W. (1986). Social status in small groups: Individual-group similarity and the social misfit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 523-536.