메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 78, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 823-835

Procalcitonin and sepsis: Recent data on diagnostic utility prognostic potential and therapeutic implications in critically ill patients

Author keywords

Biological markers; Critical illness; Sepsis

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; PROADRENOMEDULLIN; PROCALCITONIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

EID: 84864858142     PISSN: 03759393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (24)

References (92)
  • 1
    • 72249087115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units
    • EPIC II Group of Investigators
    • Vincent JL, Rello J, Marshall J, Silva E, Anzueto A, Martin CD et al.; EPIC II Group of Investigators. International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units. JAMA 2009;302:2323-9.
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.302 , pp. 2323-2329
    • Vincent, J.L.1    Rello, J.2    Marshall, J.3    Silva, E.4    Anzueto, A.5    Martin, C.D.6
  • 2
    • 34247338128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid increase in hospitalization and mortality rates for severe sepsis in the United States: A trend analysis from 1993 to 2003
    • Dombrovskiy VY, Martin AA, Sunderram J, Paz HL. Rapid increase in hospitalization and mortality rates for severe sepsis in the United States: a trend analysis from 1993 to 2003. Crit Care Med 2007;35:1244-50.
    • (2007) Crit Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 1244-1250
    • Dombrovskiy, V.Y.1    Martin, A.A.2    Sunderram, J.3    Paz, H.L.4
  • 3
    • 0037451929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000
    • Martin GS, Mannino DM, Eaton S, Moss M. The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1546-54.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 1546-1554
    • Martin, G.S.1    Mannino, D.M.2    Eaton, S.3    Moss, M.4
  • 4
    • 0026710191 scopus 로고
    • Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine
    • Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, Knaus WA et al. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 1992;101:1644-55.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.101 , pp. 1644-1655
    • Bone, R.C.1    Balk, R.A.2    Cerra, F.B.3    Dellinger, R.P.4    Fein, A.M.5    Knaus, W.A.6
  • 6
    • 20544434124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimising antibiotic resistance
    • Livermore DM. Minimising antibiotic resistance. Lancet Infect Dis 2005;5:450-9.
    • (2005) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.5 , pp. 450-459
    • Livermore, D.M.1
  • 7
    • 33744527833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock
    • Kumar A, Roberts D, Wood KE, Light B, Parrillo JE, Sharma S et al. Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit Care Med 2006;34:1589-96.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 1589-1596
    • Kumar, A.1    Roberts, D.2    Wood, K.E.3    Light, B.4    Parrillo, J.E.5    Sharma, S.6
  • 8
  • 9
    • 0027466275 scopus 로고
    • High serum procalcitonin concentrations in patients with sepsis and infection
    • Assicot M, Gendrel D, Carsin H, Raymond J, Guilbaud J, Bohuon C. High serum procalcitonin concentrations in patients with sepsis and infection. Lancet 1993;341:515-8.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 515-518
    • Assicot, M.1    Gendrel, D.2    Carsin, H.3    Raymond, J.4    Guilbaud, J.5    Bohuon, C.6
  • 10
    • 1942441026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review 167: Procalcitonin and the calcitonin gene family of peptides in inflammation, infection, and sepsis: A journey from calcitonin back to its precursors
    • Becker KL, Nylén ES, White JC, Müller B, Snider RH Jr. Clinical review 167: Procalcitonin and the calcitonin gene family of peptides in inflammation, infection, and sepsis: a journey from calcitonin back to its precursors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:1512-25.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 1512-1525
    • Becker, K.L.1    Nylén, E.S.2    White, J.C.3    Müller, B.4    Snider Jr., R.H.5
  • 11
    • 3242810355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels as markers of bacterial infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Simon L, Gauvin F, Amre DK, Saint-Louis P, Lacroix J. Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels as markers of bacterial infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:206-17.
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.39 , pp. 206-217
    • Simon, L.1    Gauvin, F.2    Amre, D.K.3    Saint-Louis, P.4    Lacroix, J.5
  • 12
    • 33745622134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin as a diagnostic test for sepsis in critically ill adults and after surgery or trauma: A systematic review and metaanalysis
    • Uzzan B, Cohen R, Nicolas P, Cucherat M, Perret GY. Procalcitonin as a diagnostic test for sepsis in critically ill adults and after surgery or trauma: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Crit Care Med 2006;34:1996-2003.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 1996-2003
    • Uzzan, B.1    Cohen, R.2    Nicolas, P.3    Cucherat, M.4    Perret, G.Y.5
  • 13
    • 33847056146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of procalcitonin for sepsis diagnosis in critically ill patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Tang BM, Eslick GD, Craig JC, McLean AS. Accuracy of procalcitonin for sepsis diagnosis in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7:210-7.
    • (2007) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 210-217
    • Tang, B.M.1    Eslick, G.D.2    Craig, J.C.3    McLean, A.S.4
  • 14
    • 69149086176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin's role in the sepsis cascade. Is procalcitonin a sepsis marker or mediator?
    • Dahaba AA, Metzler H. Procalcitonin's role in the sepsis cascade. Is procalcitonin a sepsis marker or mediator? Minerva Anestesiol 2009;75:447-52.
    • (2009) Minerva Anestesiol , vol.75 , pp. 447-452
    • Dahaba, A.A.1    Metzler, H.2
  • 16
    • 0344825792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro and in vivo calcitonin-1 gene expression in parenchymal cells: A novel product of human adipose tissue
    • Linscheid P, Seboek D, Nylén ES, Langer I, Schlatter M, Becker KL et al. In vitro and in vivo calcitonin-1 gene expression in parenchymal cells: a novel product of human adipose tissue. Endocrinology 2003;144:5578-84.
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , pp. 5578-5584
    • Linscheid, P.1    Seboek, D.2    Nylén, E.S.3    Langer, I.4    Schlatter, M.5    Becker, K.L.6
  • 17
    • 75649119976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin in sepsis and systemic inflammation: A harmful biomarker and a therapeutic target
    • Becker K, Snider R, Nylen E. Procalcitonin in sepsis and systemic inflammation: a harmful biomarker and a therapeutic target. Br J Pharmacol 2010;159:253-64.
    • (2010) Br J Pharmacol , vol.159 , pp. 253-264
    • Becker, K.1    Snider, R.2    Nylen, E.3
  • 18
    • 79953001345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers in the critically ill patient: Procalcitonin
    • Reinhart K, Meisner M. Biomarkers in the critically ill patient: procalcitonin. Crit Care Clin 2011;27:253-63.
    • (2011) Crit Care Clin , vol.27 , pp. 253-263
    • Reinhart, K.1    Meisner, M.2
  • 19
    • 38049125684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of procalcitonin in liver transplant patients treated with antithymocyte globulin
    • Zazula R, Prucha M, Tyll T, Kieslichova E. Induction of procalcitonin in liver transplant patients treated with antithymocyte globulin. Crit Care 2007;11:R131.
    • (2007) Crit Care , vol.11 , pp. 131
    • Zazula, R.1    Prucha, M.2    Tyll, T.3    Kieslichova, E.4
  • 20
    • 64549132477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marked increase of procalcitonin after the administration of anti-thymocyte globulin in patients before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation does not indicate sepsis: A prospective study
    • Brodska H, Drabek T, Malickova K, Kazda A, Vitek A, Zima T et al. Marked increase of procalcitonin after the administration of anti-thymocyte globulin in patients before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation does not indicate sepsis: a prospective study. Crit Care 2009;13:R37.
    • (2009) Crit Care , vol.13 , pp. 37
    • Brodska, H.1    Drabek, T.2    Malickova, K.3    Kazda, A.4    Vitek, A.5    Zima, T.6
  • 22
    • 41649099152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for evaluation of new fever in critically ill adult patients: 2008 update from the American College of Critical Care Medicine and the Infectious Diseases Society of America
    • O'Grady NP, Barie PS, Bartlett JG, Bleck T, Carroll K, Kalil AC et al. Guidelines for evaluation of new fever in critically ill adult patients: 2008 update from the American College of Critical Care Medicine and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Crit Care Med 2008;36:1330-49.
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 1330-1349
    • O'Grady, N.P.1    Barie, P.S.2    Bartlett, J.G.3    Bleck, T.4    Carroll, K.5    Kalil, A.C.6
  • 23
    • 37549020378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008
    • Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, Bion J, Parker MM, Jaeschke R et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Crit Care Med 2008;36:296-327.
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 296-327
    • Dellinger, R.P.1    Levy, M.M.2    Carlet, J.M.3    Bion, J.4    Parker, M.M.5    Jaeschke, R.6
  • 24
    • 58149482612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of previous sepsis on the accuracy of procalcitonin for the early diagnosis of blood stream infection in critically ill patients
    • Charles PE, Ladoire S, Snauwaert A, Prin S, Aho S, Péchinot A et al. Impact of previous sepsis on the accuracy of procalcitonin for the early diagnosis of blood stream infection in critically ill patients. BMC Infect Dis 2008;8:163.
    • (2008) BMC Infect Dis , vol.8 , pp. 163
    • Charles, P.E.1    Ladoire, S.2    Snauwaert, A.3    Prin, S.4    Aho, S.5    Péchinot, A.6
  • 25
    • 68049085313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of procalcitonin for outcome prediction in unselected postoperative critically ill patients
    • Schneider CP, Yilmaz Y, Kleespies A, Jauch KW, Hartl WH. Accuracy of procalcitonin for outcome prediction in unselected postoperative critically ill patients. Shock 2009;31:568-73.
    • (2009) Shock , vol.31 , pp. 568-573
    • Schneider, C.P.1    Yilmaz, Y.2    Kleespies, A.3    Jauch, K.W.4    Hartl, W.H.5
  • 26
    • 67649148380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum procalcitonin levels in patients with multiple injuries including visceral trauma
    • Maier M, Wutzler S, Lehnert M, Szermutzky M, Wyen H, Bingold T et al. Serum procalcitonin levels in patients with multiple injuries including visceral trauma. J Trauma 2009;66:243-9.
    • (2009) J Trauma , vol.66 , pp. 243-249
    • Maier, M.1    Wutzler, S.2    Lehnert, M.3    Szermutzky, M.4    Wyen, H.5    Bingold, T.6
  • 27
    • 67349213202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of procalcitonin at predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis and development of infected pancreatic necrosis: Systematic review
    • Mofidi R, Suttie SA, Patil PV, Ogston S, Parks RW. The value of procalcitonin at predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis and development of infected pancreatic necrosis: systematic review. Surgery 2009;146:72-81.
    • (2009) Surgery , vol.146 , pp. 72-81
    • Mofidi, R.1    Suttie, S.A.2    Patil, P.V.3    Ogston, S.4    Parks, R.W.5
  • 28
    • 78650651042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of procalcitonin for the detection of sepsis in the critically ill burn patient: A systematic review of the literature
    • Mann EA, Wood GL, Wade CE. Use of procalcitonin for the detection of sepsis in the critically ill burn patient: a systematic review of the literature. Burns 2011;37:549-58.
    • (2011) Burns , vol.37 , pp. 549-558
    • Mann, E.A.1    Wood, G.L.2    Wade, C.E.3
  • 29
    • 0035030353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin is not an accurate marker of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis
    • Spahr L, Morard I, Hadengue A, Vadas L, Pugin J. Procalcitonin is not an accurate marker of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatogastroenterology 2001;48:502-5.
    • (2001) Hepatogastroenterology , vol.48 , pp. 502-505
    • Spahr, L.1    Morard, I.2    Hadengue, A.3    Vadas, L.4    Pugin, J.5
  • 32
    • 81055135723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In critically ill patients, serum procalcitonin is more useful in differentiating between sepsis and SIRS than CRP, Il-6, or LBP
    • Meynaar IA, Droog W, Batstra M, Vreede R, Herbrink P. In critically ill patients, serum procalcitonin is more useful in differentiating between sepsis and SIRS than CRP, Il-6, or LBP. Crit Care Res Pract 2011;2011:594645.
    • (2011) Crit Care Res Pract , vol.2011 , pp. 594645
    • Meynaar, I.A.1    Droog, W.2    Batstra, M.3    Vreede, R.4    Herbrink, P.5
  • 33
    • 65549133048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum procalcitonin for the early recognition of nosocomial infection in the critically ill patients: A preliminary report
    • Charles PE, Kus E, Aho S, Prin S, Doise JM, Olsson NO et al. Serum procalcitonin for the early recognition of nosocomial infection in the critically ill patients: a preliminary report. BMC Infect Dis. 2009;9:49.
    • (2009) BMC Infect Dis , vol.9 , pp. 49
    • Charles, P.E.1    Kus, E.2    Aho, S.3    Prin, S.4    Doise, J.M.5    Olsson, N.O.6
  • 34
    • 74049089717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and prognostic value of procalcitonin among febrile critically ill patients with prolonged ICU stay
    • Tsangaris I, Plachouras D, Kavatha D, Gourgoulis GM, Tsantes A, Kopterides P et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of procalcitonin among febrile critically ill patients with prolonged ICU stay. BMC Infect Dis 2009;9:213.
    • (2009) BMC Infect Dis , vol.9 , pp. 213
    • Tsangaris, I.1    Plachouras, D.2    Kavatha, D.3    Gourgoulis, G.M.4    Tsantes, A.5    Kopterides, P.6
  • 36
    • 78149236263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily monitoring of biomarkers of sepsis in complicated long-term ICU-patients: Can it support treatment decisions?
    • Iapichino G, Marzorati S, Umbrello M, Baccalini R, Barassi A, Cainarca M et al. Daily monitoring of biomarkers of sepsis in complicated long-term ICU-patients: can it support treatment decisions? Minerva Anestesiol 2010;76:814-23.
    • (2010) Minerva Anestesiol , vol.76 , pp. 814-823
    • Iapichino, G.1    Marzorati, S.2    Umbrello, M.3    Baccalini, R.4    Barassi, A.5    Cainarca, M.6
  • 37
    • 79953784989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin levels are lower in intensive care unit patients with H1N1 influenza A virus pneumonia than in those with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. A pilot study
    • Piacentini E, Sánchez B, Arauzo V, Calbo E, Cuchi E, Nava JM. Procalcitonin levels are lower in intensive care unit patients with H1N1 influenza A virus pneumonia than in those with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. A pilot study. J Crit Care 2011;26:201-5.
    • (2011) J Crit Care , vol.26 , pp. 201-205
    • Piacentini, E.1    Sánchez, B.2    Arauzo, V.3    Calbo, E.4    Cuchi, E.5    Nava, J.M.6
  • 38
    • 79953176004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The utility of procalcitonin in diagnosis of H1N1 influenza in intensive care patients
    • Hammond NE, Corley A, Fraser JF. The utility of procalcitonin in diagnosis of H1N1 influenza in intensive care patients. Anaesth Intensive Care 2011;39:238-41.
    • (2011) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.39 , pp. 238-241
    • Hammond, N.E.1    Corley, A.2    Fraser, J.F.3
  • 39
    • 79955554735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can procalcitonin help identify associated bacterial infection in patients with severe influenza pneumonia? A multicentre study
    • Cuquemelle E, Soulis F, Villers D, Roche-Campo F, Ara Somohano C, Fartoukh M et al. Can procalcitonin help identify associated bacterial infection in patients with severe influenza pneumonia? A multicentre study. Intensive Care Med 2011;37:796-800
    • (2011) Intensive Care Med , vol.37 , pp. 796-800
    • Cuquemelle, E.1    Soulis, F.2    Villers, D.3    Roche-Campo, F.4    Ara, S.C.5    Fartoukh, M.6
  • 40
    • 77951207194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in severe 2009 H1N1 influenza infection
    • Ingram PR, Inglis T, Moxon D, Speers D. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in severe 2009 H1N1 influenza infection. Intensive Care Med 2010;36:528-32.
    • (2010) Intensive Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 528-532
    • Ingram, P.R.1    Inglis, T.2    Moxon, D.3    Speers, D.4
  • 41
    • 81955162884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there any influence of immune deficit on procalcitonin results?
    • Mikuła T, Cianciara J, Wiercińska-Drapało A. Is there any influence of immune deficit on procalcitonin results? Hum Immunol 2011;72:1194-7.
    • (2011) Hum Immunol , vol.72 , pp. 1194-1197
    • Mikuła, T.1    Cianciara, J.2    Wiercińska-Drapało, A.3
  • 42
  • 44
    • 56549122800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of procalcitonin in febrile neutropenic patients: Review of the literature
    • Sakr Y, Sponholz C, Tuche F, Brunkhorst F, Reinhart K. The role of procalcitonin in febrile neutropenic patients: review of the literature. Infection 2008;36:396-407.
    • (2008) Infection , vol.36 , pp. 396-407
    • Sakr, Y.1    Sponholz, C.2    Tuche, F.3    Brunkhorst, F.4    Reinhart, K.5
  • 45
    • 79955552821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring procalcitonin in febrile neutropenia: What is its utility for initial diagnosis of infection and reassessment in persistent fever?
    • Robinson JO, Lamoth F, Bally F, Knaup M, Calandra T, Marchetti O. Monitoring procalcitonin in febrile neutropenia: What is its utility for initial diagnosis of infection and reassessment in persistent fever? PLoS One 2011;6:e18886.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6 , pp. 18886
    • Robinson, J.O.1    Lamoth, F.2    Bally, F.3    Knaup, M.4    Calandra, T.5    Marchetti, O.6
  • 46
    • 79955481145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 as an infection marker for patients with neutropenic fever
    • Lin CH, Yao M, Hsu SC, Ho CC, Lin MT, Lin CA et al. Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 as an infection marker for patients with neutropenic fever. Crit Care Med 2011;39:993-9.
    • (2011) Crit Care Med , vol.39 , pp. 993-999
    • Lin, C.H.1    Yao, M.2    Hsu, S.C.3    Ho, C.C.4    Lin, M.T.5    Lin, C.A.6
  • 47
    • 80052089421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of procalcitonin and bacteremia in neutropenic adults with acute myeloid leukemia
    • Gac AC, Parienti JJ, Chantepie S, Fradin S, Le Coutour X, Leclercq R et al. Dynamics of procalcitonin and bacteremia in neutropenic adults with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2011;35:1294-6.
    • (2011) Leuk Res , vol.35 , pp. 1294-1296
    • Gac, A.C.1    Parienti, J.J.2    Chantepie, S.3    Fradin, S.4    Le, C.X.5    Leclercq, R.6
  • 48
    • 79959193074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated procalcitonin predicts gramnegative sepsis in hematological patients with febrile neutropenia
    • Koivula I, Hamalainen S, Jantunen E, Pulkki K, Kuittinen T, Nousiainen T et al. Elevated procalcitonin predicts gramnegative sepsis in hematological patients with febrile neutropenia. Scand J Infect Dis 2011;43:471-8.
    • (2011) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.43 , pp. 471-478
    • Koivula, I.1    Hamalainen, S.2    Jantunen, E.3    Pulkki, K.4    Kuittinen, T.5    Nousiainen, T.6
  • 49
    • 79959618958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of procalcitonin and CRP as sepsis markers in 74 consecutive patients admitted with prolonged febrile neutropenia
    • Cornillon J, Bouteloup M, Lambert C. Evaluation of procalcitonin and CRP as sepsis markers in 74 consecutive patients admitted with prolonged febrile neutropenia. J Infect 2011;63:93-5.
    • (2011) J Infect , vol.63 , pp. 93-95
    • Cornillon, J.1    Bouteloup, M.2    Lambert, C.3
  • 50
    • 33747851169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein to inflammation, complications, and outcome during the intensive care unit course of multiple-trauma patients
    • Meisner M, Adina H, Schmidt J. Correlation of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein to inflammation, complications, and outcome during the intensive care unit course of multiple-trauma patients. Crit Care 2006;10:R1.
    • (2006) Crit Care , vol.10 , pp. 1
    • Meisner, M.1    Adina, H.2    Schmidt, J.3
  • 51
    • 66449093196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin as a prognostic and diagnostic tool for septic complications after major trauma
    • Castelli GP, Pognani C, Cita M, Paladini R. Procalcitonin as a prognostic and diagnostic tool for septic complications after major trauma. Crit Care Med 2009;37:1845-9.
    • (2009) Crit Care Med , vol.37 , pp. 1845-1849
    • Castelli, G.P.1    Pognani, C.2    Cita, M.3    Paladini, R.4
  • 52
    • 60449088899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early serum procalcitonin, interleukin-6, and 24-hour lactate clearance: Useful indicators of septic infections in severely traumatized patients
    • Billeter A, Turina M, Seifert B, Mica L, Stocker R, Keel M. Early serum procalcitonin, interleukin-6, and 24-hour lactate clearance: useful indicators of septic infections in severely traumatized patients. World J Surg 2009;33:558-66.
    • (2009) World J Surg , vol.33 , pp. 558-566
    • Billeter, A.1    Turina, M.2    Seifert, B.3    Mica, L.4    Stocker, R.5    Keel, M.6
  • 53
    • 32544437520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, white blood cells and SOFA score in ICU: Diagnosis and monitoring of sepsis
    • Castelli GP, Pognani C, Cita M, Stuani A, Sgarbi L, Paladini R. Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, white blood cells and SOFA score in ICU: diagnosis and monitoring of sepsis. Minerva Anestesiol 2006;72:69-80.
    • (2006) Minerva Anestesiol , vol.72 , pp. 69-80
    • Castelli, G.P.1    Pognani, C.2    Cita, M.3    Stuani, A.4    Sgarbi, L.5    Paladini, R.6
  • 54
    • 84858082324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCT as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in burn patients. Whether time course has a role in monitoring sepsis treatment
    • Lavrentieva A, Papadopoulou S, Kioumis J, Kaimakamis E, Bitzani M. PCT as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in burn patients. Whether time course has a role in monitoring sepsis treatment. Burns 2012;38:356-63.
    • (2012) Burns , vol.38 , pp. 356-363
    • Lavrentieva, A.1    Papadopoulou, S.2    Kioumis, J.3    Kaimakamis, E.4    Bitzani, M.5
  • 55
    • 29744443754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential diagnostic value of procalcitonin in surgical and medical patients with septic shock
    • Clec'h C, Fosse JP, Karoubi P, Vincent F, Chouahi I, Hamza L et al. Differential diagnostic value of procalcitonin in surgical and medical patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med 2006;34:102-7.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 102-107
    • Clec'h, C.1    Fosse, J.P.2    Karoubi, P.3    Vincent, F.4    Chouahi, I.5    Hamza, L.6
  • 56
    • 57149120295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin ratio indicates successful surgical treatment of abdominal sepsis
    • Novotny AR, Emmanuel K, Hueser N, Knebel C, Kriner M, Ulm K et al. Procalcitonin ratio indicates successful surgical treatment of abdominal sepsis. Surgery 2009;145:20-6.
    • (2009) Surgery , vol.145 , pp. 20-26
    • Novotny, A.R.1    Emmanuel, K.2    Hueser, N.3    Knebel, C.4    Kriner, M.5    Ulm, K.6
  • 57
    • 73949117001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of serum procalcitonin level for differentiation of infectious from noninfectious causes of fever after orthopaedic surgery
    • Hunziker S, Hügle T, Schuchardt K, Groeschl I, Schuetz P, Mueller B, et al. The value of serum procalcitonin level for differentiation of infectious from noninfectious causes of fever after orthopaedic surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:138-48.
    • (2010) J Bone Joint Surg Am , vol.92 , pp. 138-148
    • Hunziker, S.1    Hügle, T.2    Schuchardt, K.3    Groeschl, I.4    Schuetz, P.5    Mueller, B.6
  • 58
    • 0036039165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin: A marker to clearly differentiate systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis in the critically ill patient?
    • Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Mega A, Grecka P, Scarpa N, Koratzanis G, Thomopoulos G et al. Procalcitonin: a marker to clearly differentiate systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis in the critically ill patient? Intensive Care Med 2002;28:1351-6.
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 1351-1356
    • Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E.J.1    Mega, A.2    Grecka, P.3    Scarpa, N.4    Koratzanis, G.5    Thomopoulos, G.6
  • 59
    • 33748782250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin increase in early identification of critically ill patients at high risk of mortality
    • Jensen JU, Heslet L, Jensen TH, Espersen K, Steffensen P, Tvede M. Procalcitonin increase in early identification of critically ill patients at high risk of mortality. Crit Care Med 2006;34:2596-2602.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 2596-2602
    • Jensen, J.U.1    Heslet, L.2    Jensen, T.H.3    Espersen, K.4    Steffensen, P.5    Tvede, M.6
  • 61
    • 78650516934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin as an early indicator of outcome in sepsis: A prospective observational study
    • Hellenic Sepsis Study Group
    • Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Tsangaris I, Kanni T, Mouktaroudi M, Pantelidou I, Adamis G et al; Hellenic Sepsis Study Group. Procalcitonin as an early indicator of outcome in sepsis: a prospective observational study. J Hosp Infect 2011;77:58-63.
    • (2011) J Hosp Infect , vol.77 , pp. 58-63
    • Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E.J.1    Tsangaris, I.2    Kanni, T.3    Mouktaroudi, M.4    Pantelidou, I.5    Adamis, G.6
  • 63
    • 70049117145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin as a prognostic factor in severe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Rammaert B, Verdier N, Cavestri B, Nseir S. Procalcitonin as a prognostic factor in severe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology 2009;14:969-74.
    • (2009) Respirology , vol.14 , pp. 969-974
    • Rammaert, B.1    Verdier, N.2    Cavestri, B.3    Nseir, S.4
  • 64
    • 84863053491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of a semi-quantitative procalcitonin test and the A-DROP Japanese prognostic scale, for predicting mortality among adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Kasamatsu Y, Yamaguchi T, Kawaguchi T, Tanaka N, Oka H, Nakamura T et al. Usefulness of a semi-quantitative procalcitonin test and the A-DROP Japanese prognostic scale, for predicting mortality among adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Respirology 2012;17:330-6.
    • (2012) Respirology , vol.17 , pp. 330-336
    • Kasamatsu, Y.1    Yamaguchi, T.2    Kawaguchi, T.3    Tanaka, N.4    Oka, H.5    Nakamura, T.6
  • 66
    • 79952358630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multinational, observational study of procalcitonin in ICU patients with pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation: A multicenter observational study
    • Bloos F, Marshall JC, Dellinger RP, Vincent JL, Gutierrez G, Rivers E et al. Multinational, observational study of procalcitonin in ICU patients with pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation: a multicenter observational study. Crit Care 2011;15:R88.
    • (2011) Crit Care , vol.15 , pp. 88
    • Bloos, F.1    Marshall, J.C.2    Dellinger, R.P.3    Vincent, J.L.4    Gutierrez, G.5    Rivers, E.6
  • 67
    • 78649882826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular and inflammatory biomarkers to predict shortand long-term survival in communityacquired pneumonia: Results from the German Competence Network, CAPNETZ
    • German Competence Network for the Study of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAPNETZ) Study Group
    • Krüger S, Ewig S, Giersdorf S, Hartmann O, Suttorp N, Welte T; German Competence Network for the Study of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAPNETZ) Study Group. Cardiovascular and inflammatory biomarkers to predict shortand long-term survival in communityacquired pneumonia: Results from the German Competence Network, CAPNETZ. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010;182:1426-34.
    • (2010) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.182 , pp. 1426-1434
    • Krüger, S.1    Ewig, S.2    Giersdorf, S.3    Hartmann, O.4    Suttorp, N.5    Welte, T.6
  • 68
    • 79953659971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of procalcitonin in community-acquired pneumonia
    • Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy and hospitalisation in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (ProHOSP) Study Group
    • Schuetz P, Suter-Widmer I, Chaudri A, Christ-Crain M, Zimmerli W, Mueller B; Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy and hospitalisation in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (ProHOSP) Study Group. Prognostic value of procalcitonin in community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2011;37:384-92.
    • (2011) Eur Respir J , vol.37 , pp. 384-392
    • Schuetz, P.1    Suter-Widmer, I.2    Chaudri, A.3    Christ-Crain, M.4    Zimmerli, W.5    Mueller, B.6
  • 69
    • 79953697671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and procalcitonin improve survival prediction in VAP
    • Boeck L, Eggimann P, Smyrnios N, Pargger H, Thakkar N, Siegemund M et al. Midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and procalcitonin improve survival prediction in VAP. Eur Respir J 2011;37:595-603.
    • (2011) Eur Respir J , vol.37 , pp. 595-603
    • Boeck, L.1    Eggimann, P.2    Smyrnios, N.3    Pargger, H.4    Thakkar, N.5    Siegemund, M.6
  • 70
    • 84855276071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and prognostic value of procalcitonin in community-acquired pneumonia
    • Horie M, Ugajin M, Suzuki M, Noguchi S, Tanaka W, Yoshihara H et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of procalcitonin in community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med Sci 2012;343:30-5.
    • (2012) Am J Med Sci , vol.343 , pp. 30-35
    • Horie, M.1    Ugajin, M.2    Suzuki, M.3    Noguchi, S.4    Tanaka, W.5    Yoshihara, H.6
  • 71
    • 77954595046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of procalcitonin (PCT) and/or interleukin-6 (IL-6) plasma levels after multiple trauma for the development of multi organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) or sepsis
    • Haasper C, Kalmbach M, Dikos GD, Meller R, Müller C, Krettek C et al. Prognostic value of procalcitonin (PCT) and/or interleukin-6 (IL-6) plasma levels after multiple trauma for the development of multi organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) or sepsis. Technol Health Care 2010;18:89-100.
    • (2010) Technol Health Care , vol.18 , pp. 89-100
    • Haasper, C.1    Kalmbach, M.2    Dikos, G.D.3    Meller, R.4    Müller, C.5    Krettek, C.6
  • 72
    • 77749320144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin as a prognostic marker for infectious complications in liver transplant recipients in an intensive care unit
    • van den Broek MA, Olde Damink SW, Winkens B, Broelsch CE, Malagó M, Paul A et al. Procalcitonin as a prognostic marker for infectious complications in liver transplant recipients in an intensive care unit. Liver Transpl 2010;16:402-10.
    • (2010) Liver Transpl , vol.16 , pp. 402-410
    • van den Broek, M.A.1    Olde, D.S.W.2    Winkens, B.3    Broelsch, C.E.4    Malagó, M.5    Paul, A.6
  • 73
    • 70149088214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of procalcitonin-based guidelines vs standard guidelines on antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infections: The Pro-HOSP randomized controlled trial
    • ProHOSP Study Group
    • Schuetz P, Christ-Crain M, Thomann R, Falconnier C, Wolbers M, Widmer I et al; ProHOSP Study Group. Effect of procalcitonin-based guidelines vs standard guidelines on antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infections: the Pro-HOSP randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009;302:1059-66.
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.302 , pp. 1059-1066
    • Schuetz, P.1    Christ-Crain, M.2    Thomann, R.3    Falconnier, C.4    Wolbers, M.5    Widmer, I.6
  • 75
    • 77956563149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin guidance and reductions of antibiotic use in acute respiratory tract infection
    • Burkhardt O, Ewig S, Haagen U, Giersdorf S, Hartmann O, Wegscheider K et al. Procalcitonin guidance and reductions of antibiotic use in acute respiratory tract infection. Eur Respir J 2010;36:601-7.
    • (2010) Eur Respir J , vol.36 , pp. 601-607
    • Burkhardt, O.1    Ewig, S.2    Haagen, U.3    Giersdorf, S.4    Hartmann, O.5    Wegscheider, K.6
  • 76
    • 34248172813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can procalcitonin help us in timing of re-intervention in septic patients after multiple trauma or major surgery?
    • Svoboda P, Kantorová I, Scheer P, Radvanova J, Radvan M. Can procalcitonin help us in timing of re-intervention in septic patients after multiple trauma or major surgery? Hepatogastroenterology 2007;54:359-63.
    • (2007) Hepatogastroenterology , vol.54 , pp. 359-363
    • Svoboda, P.1    Kantorová, I.2    Scheer, P.3    Radvanova, J.4    Radvan, M.5
  • 77
    • 40649087642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of procalcitonin to shorten antibiotic treatment duration in septic patients: A randomized trial
    • Nobre V, Harbarth S, Graf JD, Rohner P, Pugin J. Use of procalcitonin to shorten antibiotic treatment duration in septic patients: a randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;177:498-505.
    • (2008) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.177 , pp. 498-505
    • Nobre, V.1    Harbarth, S.2    Graf, J.D.3    Rohner, P.4    Pugin, J.5
  • 78
    • 59449093757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin (PCT)-guided algorithm reduces length of antibiotic treatment in surgical intensive care patients with severe sepsis: Results of a prospective randomized study
    • Schroeder S, Hochreiter M, Koehler T, Schweiger AM, Bein B, Keck FS et al. Procalcitonin (PCT)-guided algorithm reduces length of antibiotic treatment in surgical intensive care patients with severe sepsis: results of a prospective randomized study. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2009;394:221-6.
    • (2009) Langenbecks Arch Surg , vol.394 , pp. 221-226
    • Schroeder, S.1    Hochreiter, M.2    Koehler, T.3    Schweiger, A.M.4    Bein, B.5    Keck, F.S.6
  • 79
    • 67650917117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin to guide duration of antibiotic therapy in intensive care patients: A randomized prospective controlled trial
    • Hochreiter M, Köhler T, Schweiger AM, Keck FS, Bein B, von Spiegel T et al. Procalcitonin to guide duration of antibiotic therapy in intensive care patients: a randomized prospective controlled trial. Crit Care 2009;13:R83.
    • (2009) Crit Care , vol.13 , pp. 83
    • Hochreiter, M.1    Köhler, T.2    Schweiger, A.M.3    Keck, F.S.4    Bein, B.5    von Spiegel, T.6
  • 80
    • 73249128024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin for reduced antibiotic exposure in ventilator-associated pneumonia: A randomised study
    • Stolz D, Smyrnios N, Eggimann P, Pargger H, Thakkar N, Siegemund M et al. Procalcitonin for reduced antibiotic exposure in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomised study. Eur Respir J 2009;34:1364-75.
    • (2009) Eur Respir J , vol.34 , pp. 1364-1375
    • Stolz, D.1    Smyrnios, N.2    Eggimann, P.3    Pargger, H.4    Thakkar, N.5    Siegemund, M.6
  • 81
    • 75949113583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of procalcitonin to reduce patients' exposure to antibiotics in intensive care units (PRORATA trial): A multicentre randomised controlled trial
    • PRORATA trial group
    • Bouadma L, Luyt CE, Tubach F, Cracco C, Alvarez A, Schwebel C et al.; PRORATA trial group. Use of procalcitonin to reduce patients' exposure to antibiotics in intensive care units (PRORATA trial): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010;375:463-74.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 463-474
    • Bouadma, L.1    Luyt, C.E.2    Tubach, F.3    Cracco, C.4    Alvarez, A.5    Schwebel, C.6
  • 82
    • 78049418360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin-guided algorithms of antibiotic therapy in the intensive care unit: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Kopterides P, Siempos II, Tsangaris I, Tsantes A, Armaganidis A. Procalcitonin-guided algorithms of antibiotic therapy in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care Med 2010;38:2229-41.
    • (2010) Crit Care Med , vol.38 , pp. 2229-2241
    • Kopterides, P.1    Siempos, I.I.2    Tsangaris, I.3    Tsantes, A.4    Armaganidis, A.5
  • 83
    • 79959669102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin for reduced antibiotic exposure in the critical care setting: A systematic review and an economic evaluation
    • Heyland DK, Johnson AP, Reynolds SC, Muscedere J. Procalcitonin for reduced antibiotic exposure in the critical care setting: a systematic review and an economic evaluation. Crit Care Med 2011;39:1792-9.
    • (2011) Crit Care Med , vol.39 , pp. 1792-1799
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Johnson, A.P.2    Reynolds, S.C.3    Muscedere, J.4
  • 84
    • 79961239058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin to guide duration of antimicrobial therapy in intensive care units: A systematic review
    • Agarwal R, Schwartz DN. Procalcitonin to guide duration of antimicrobial therapy in intensive care units: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis 2011;53:379-87.
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.53 , pp. 379-387
    • Agarwal, R.1    Schwartz, D.N.2
  • 85
    • 81555206676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis and systematic review of procalcitonin-guided therapy in respiratory tract infections
    • Li H, Luo YF, Blackwell TS, Xie CM. Meta-analysis and systematic review of procalcitonin-guided therapy in respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55:5900-6.
    • (2011) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.55 , pp. 5900-5906
    • Li, H.1    Luo, Y.F.2    Blackwell, T.S.3    Xie, C.M.4
  • 86
    • 79959707999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations
    • Tokman S, Schuetz P, Bent S. Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2011;9:727-35.
    • (2011) Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther , vol.9 , pp. 727-735
    • Tokman, S.1    Schuetz, P.2    Bent, S.3
  • 87
    • 80051637867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin algorithms for antibiotic therapy decisions: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and recommendations for clinical algorithms
    • Schuetz P, Chiappa V, Briel M, Greenwald JL. Procalcitonin algorithms for antibiotic therapy decisions: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and recommendations for clinical algorithms. Arch Intern Med 2011;171:1322-31.
    • (2011) Arch Intern Med , vol.171 , pp. 1322-1331
    • Schuetz, P.1    Chiappa, V.2    Briel, M.3    Greenwald, J.L.4
  • 88
    • 2442589404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of an antibiotic discontinuation policy for clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Micek ST, Ward S, Fraser VJ, Kollef MH. A randomized controlled trial of an antibiotic discontinuation policy for clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 2004;125:1791-9.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , pp. 1791-1799
    • Micek, S.T.1    Ward, S.2    Fraser, V.J.3    Kollef, M.H.4
  • 89
    • 83455163088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin vs clinical and chest film findings to diagnose community-acquired pneumonia in patients with acute asthma or acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
    • Cunha BA. Procalcitonin vs clinical and chest film findings to diagnose community-acquired pneumonia in patients with acute asthma or acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Chest 2011;140:1667-8.
    • (2011) Chest , vol.140 , pp. 1667-1668
    • Cunha, B.A.1
  • 90
    • 80051921479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin-guided interventions against infections to increase early appropriate antibiotics and improve survival in the intensive care unit: A randomized trial
    • Procalcitonin And Survival Study (PASS) Group
    • Jensen JU, Hein L, Lundgren B, Bestle MH, Mohr TT, Andersen MH et al; Procalcitonin And Survival Study (PASS) Group. Procalcitonin-guided interventions against infections to increase early appropriate antibiotics and improve survival in the intensive care unit: A randomized trial. Crit Care Med 2011;39:2048-58.
    • (2011) Crit Care Med , vol.39 , pp. 2048-2058
    • Jensen, J.U.1    Hein, L.2    Lundgren, B.3    Bestle, M.H.4    Mohr, T.T.5    Andersen, M.H.6
  • 91
    • 84864841992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo controlled trial of sodium selenite and procalcitonin guided antimicrobial therapy in severe sepsis (SISPCT). Available at, Accessed: November
    • Placebo controlled trial of sodium selenite and procalcitonin guided antimicrobial therapy in severe sepsis (SISPCT). Available at: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00832039. Accessed: November 28, 2011.
    • (2011)
  • 92
    • 84864841996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of procalcitonin guided antibiotic therapy in adult intensive care units (ICU's) (SAPS). [cited 2012 May 23]. Available at
    • Safety and efficacy of procalcitonin guided antibiotic therapy in adult intensive care units (ICU's) (SAPS). [cited 2012 May 23]. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01139489.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.