A pathophysiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Clues from neuroimaging

Neuroimaging in Developmental Clinical Neuroscience

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 113-129

  Epstein, Jeffery N ^a  

^a CINCINNATI CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDERS; FUNCTIONAL IMAGING; MENTAL DISORDERS; NORMAL CONTROLS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREVALENCE RATES; TREATMENT RESPONSE; WORKING MEMORY;

FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING;

EID: 84864670717     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511757402.011     Document Type: Chapter

References (78)

1. Adler, C. M., Del Bello, M. P., Mills, N. P., et al. (2005) Comorbid ADHD is associated with altered patterns of neuronal activation in adolescents with bipolar disorder performing a simple attention task. Bipolar Disord, 7, 577–88.
2. Amat, J. A., Bronen, R. A., Saluja, S., et al. (2006) Increased number of subcortical hyperintensities on MRI in children and adolescents with Tourette's Syndrome, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 163, 1106–8.
3. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.
4. Ashtari, M., Kumra, S., Bhaskar, S. L., et al. (2005) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a preliminary diffusion tensor imaging study. Biol Psychiatry, 57, 448–55.
5. Barkley, R. A. (2006) Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment. New York: The Guilford Press.
6. Barkley, R. A., Koplowicz, S., Anderson, T., et al. (1997) Sense of time in children with ADHD: effects of duration, distraction, and stimulant medication. J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 3, 359–69.
7. Bauermeister, J. J., Barkley, R. A., Martinez, J. V., et al. (2005) Time estimation and performance on reproduction tasks in subtypes of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol, 34, 151–62.
8. Biederman, J., Mick, E., and Faraone, S. V. (2000) Agedependent decline of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: impact of remission definition and symptom type. Am J Psychiatry, 157, 816–18.
9. Booth, J. R., Burman, D.D., Meyer, J. R., et al. (2005) Larger deficits in brain networks for response inhibition than for visual selective attention in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 46, 94–111.
10. Booth, J. R., Macwhinney, B., Thulborn, K. R., et al. (2000) Developmental and lesion effects in brain activation during sentence comprehension and mental rotation. Dev Neuropsych, 18, 139–69.
11. Buchsbaum, B. R., Greer, S., Chang, W. L., et al. (2005) Meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of the Wisconsin card-sorting task and component processes. Hum Brain Mapp, 25, 35–45.
12. Bush, G., Frazier, J. A., Rauch, S. L., et al. (1999) Anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder revealed by fMRI and counting stroop. Biol Psychiatry, 45, 1542–52.
13. Bush, G., Valera, E. M., and Seidman, L. J. (2005) Functional neuroimaging of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and suggested future directions. Biol Psychiatry, 57, 1273–84.
14. Bush, G., Whalen, P. J., Rosen, B. R., et al. (1998) The counting Stroop: an interference task specialized for functional neuroimaging – validation study with functional MRI. Hum Brain Mapp, 6, 270–82.
15. Cabeza, R. and Nyberg, L. (2000) Imaging cognition II: An empirical review of 275 PET and fMRI studies. J Cogn Neurosci, 12, 1–47.
16. Cao, Q., Zang, Y., Sun, L., et al. (2006) Abnormal neural activity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. NeuroReport, 17, 1033–6.
17. Casey, B. J., Castellanos, F. X., Giedd, J. N., et al. (1997) Implication of right frontostriatal circuitry in response inhibition and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 36, 374–83.
18. Castellanos, F. X. (1997) Toward a pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clin Pediat, 36, 381–93.
19. Castellanos, F. X. (2002) Proceed, with caution: SPECT cerebral blood flow studies of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [comment]. J Nucl Med, 43, 1630–3.
20. Castellanos, F. X., Lee, P. P., Sharp, W., et al. (2002) Developmental trajectories of brain volume abnormalities in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J AmMed Assoc, 288(14), 1740–8.
21. Coull, J. T., Frith, C.D., Frackowiak, R. S., et al. (1996) A fronto-parietal network for rapid visual information processing: a PET study of sustained attention and working memory. Neuropsychologia, 34, 1085–95.
22. Doyle, A. E., Willcutt, E. G., Seidman, L. J., et al. (2005) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder endophenotypes. Biol Psychiatry, 57, 1324–35.
23. Durston, S., Mulder, M., Casey, B. J., et al. (2006) Activation in ventral prefrontal cortex is sensitive to genetic vulnerability for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry, 60, 1062–70.
24. Durston, S., Tottenham, N.T., Thomas, K.M., et al. (2003) Differential patterns of striatal activation in young children with and without ADHD. Biol Psychiatry, 53, 871–8.
25. Epstein, J. N., Casey, B. J., Tonev, S. T., et al. (2007) ADHDand medication-related brain activation differences in concordantly affected parent-child dyads with ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 48, 899–913.
26. Ernst, M., Cohen, R. M., Liebenauer, L. L., et al. (1997) Cerebral glucose metabolism in adolescent girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 36, 1399–406.
27. Ernst, M., Kimes, A. S., London, E.D., et al. (2003) Neural substrates of decisionmaking in adults with attention deficithyperactivitydisorder. AmJPsychiatry, 160, 1061–70.
28. Ernst, M., Liebenauer, L. L., King, A. C., et al. (1994) Reduced brain metabolism in hyperactive girls. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 33, 858–68.
29. Ernst, M., Zametkin, A. J., Matochik, J. A., et al. (1998) DOPA decarboxylase activity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults. A [fluorine-18]fluorodopa positron emission tomographic study. J Neurosci, 18, 5901–7.
30. Ernst, M., Zametkin, A. J., Matochik, J. A., et al. (1999) High midbrain [18F]dopa accumulation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 156, 1209–15.
31. Faraone, S. V., Doyle, A. E., Mick, E., et al. (2001) Metaanalysis of the association between the 7-repeat allele of the dopamine D(4) receptor gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 158, 1052–7.
32. Froehlich, T. E., Lanphear, B. P., Epstein, J.N., et al. (2007) Prevalence and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a national sample of U.S. children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 161(9), 857–64.
33. Garavan, H., Ross, T. J., Murphy, K., et al. (2002) Dissociable executive functions in the dynamic control of behavior: inhibition, error detection, and correction. NeuroImage, 17, 1820–9.
34. Hervey, A. S., Epstein, J. N., and Curry, J. F. (2004) The neuropsychology of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology, 18, 485–503.
35. Hervey, A., Epstein, J. N., Curry, J. F., et al. (2006) Reaction time distribution analysis of neuropsychological performance in an ADHD sample. Child Neuropsychol, 12, 125–40.
36. Hesslinger, B., Tebartz Van Elst, L., Thiel, T., et al. (2002) Frontoorbital volume reductions in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Lett, 328, 319–21.
37. Hill, D. E., Yeo, R. A., Campbell, R. A., et al. (2003) Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Neuropsychology, 17, 496–506.
38. Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Barkley, R., et al. (2006) The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Am J Psychiatry, 163, 716–23.
39. Konrad, K., Neufang, S., Hanisch, C., et al. (2006) Dysfunctional attentional networks in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: evidence from an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biol Psychiatry, 59, 643–51.
40. Maher, B. S., Marazita, M. L., Ferrell, R. E., et al. (2002) Dopamine systemgenes andattention deficit hyperactivity disorder: ameta-analysis. Psychiatr Genet, 12, 207–15.
41. Makris, N., Biederman, J., Valera, E. M., et al. (2007) Cortical thinning of the attention and executive function networks in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Cerebr Cortex, 17(6), 1364–75.
42. Martinussen, R., Hayden, J., Hogg-Johnson, S., et al. (2005) A meta-analysis of working memory impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 44, 377–84.
43. Mataro, M., Garcia-Sanchez, C., Junque, C., et al. (1997) Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of the caudate nucleus in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and its relationship with neuropsychological and behavioral measures. Arch Neurol, 54, 963–8.
44. Mostofsky, S. H., Rimrodt, S. L., Schafer, J.G. B., et al. (2006) Atypical motor and sensory cortex activation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of simple sequential finger tapping. Biol Psychiatry, 59, 48–56.
45. MTA Cooperative Group (1999) A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 56, 1073–86.
46. Parsons, L.M. (2003) Superior parietal cortices and varieties of mental rotation. Trends Cogn Neurosci, 7, 515–17.
47. Paulesu, E., Frith, C.D., and Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1993) The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory. Nature, 362, 342–5.
48. Pliszka, S. R., Glahn, D. C., Semrud-Clikeman, M., et al. (2006) Neuroimaging of inhibitory control areas in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who were treatment nai¨ve or in long-term treatment. Am J Psychiatry, 163, 1052–60.
49. Rowe, J., Friston, K., Frackowiak, R., et al. (2002) Attention to action: specific modulation of corticocortical interactions in humans. NeuroImage, 17, 988–98.
50. Rubia, K., Overmeyer, S., Taylor, E., et al. (1999) Hypofrontality in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during higher-order motor control: a study with functional MRI. Am J Psychiatry, 156, 891–6.
51. Rubia, K., Smith, A. B., Brammer, M. J., et al. (2005) Abnormal brain activation during inhibition and error detection in medication-naive adolescents with ADHD. Am J Psychiatry, 162, 1067–75.
52. Sarter, M., Givens, B., Bruno, J. P., et al. (2001) The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention: where top-down meets bottom-up. Brain Res Brain Res Rev, 35, 146–60.
53. Scheres, A., Milham, M. P., Knutson, B., et al. (2007) Ventral striatal hyporesponsiveness during reward anticipation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry, 61, 720–4.
54. Schulz, K. P., Fan, J., Tang, C. Y., et al. (2004) Response inhibition in adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during childhood: an event-related fMRI study. Am J Psychiatry, 161, 1650–7.
55. Schulz, K. P., Newcorn, J. H., Fan, J., et al. (2005) Brain activation gradients in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex related to persistence of ADHD in adolescent boys. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 44, 47–54.
56. Schweitzer, J. B., Faber, T. L., Grafton, S. T., et al. (2000) Alterations in the functional anatomy of working memory in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 157, 278–80.
57. Schweitzer, J. B., Lee, D.O., Hanford, R. B., et al. (2004) Effect of methylphenidate on executive functioning in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: normalization of behavior but not related brain activity. Biol Psychiatry, 56, 597–606.
58. Seidman, L. J., Valera, E. M., Makris, N., et al. (2006) Dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex volumetric abnormalities in adults with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder identified by magnetic resonance imaging. Biol Psychiatry, 60, 1071–80.
59. Shafritz, K. M., Marchione, K. E., Gore, J. C., et al. (2004) The effects of methylphenidate on neural systems of attention in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 161, 1990–7.
60. Shaw, P., Lerch, J., Greenstein, D., et al. (2006) Longitudinal mapping of cortical thickness and clinical outcome in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 63, 540–9.
61. Silk, T., Vance, A., Rinehart, N., et al. (2005) Fronto-parietal activation in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type: functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Br J Psychiatry, 187, 282–3.
62. Smith, A. B., Taylor, E., Brammer, M., et al. (2006) Task-specific hypoactivation in prefrontal and temporoparietal brain regions during motor inhibition and task switching in medication-naive children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. [see comment]. Am J Psychiatry, 163, 1044–51.
63. Solanto, M. V. (2002) Dopamine dysfunction in AD/HD: integrating clinical and basic neuroscience research. Behav Brain Res, 130, 65–71.
64. Sonuga-Barke, E. J. (2005) Causal models of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder: from common simple deficits to multiple developmental pathways. Biol Psychiatry, 57, 1231–8.
65. Tamm, L., Menon, V., and Reiss, A. L. (2006) Parietal attentional system aberrations during target detection in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: event-related fMRI evidence [see comment]. Am J Psychiatry, 163, 1033–43.
66. Tamm, L., Menon, V., Ringel, J., et al. (2004) Event-related fMRI evidence of frontotemporal involvement in aberrant response inhibition and task switching in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 43, 1430–40.
67. Teicher, M. H., Anderson, C. M., Polcari, A., et al. (2000) Functional deficits in basal ganglia of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder shown with functional magnetic resonance imaging relaxometry. Nat Med, 6, 470–3.
68. Tian, L., Jiang, T., Wang, Y., et al. (2006) Altered resting-state functional connectivity patterns of anterior cingulate cortex in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Lett, 400, 39–43.
69. Vaidya, C. J., Austin, G., Kirkorian, G., et al. (1998) Selective effects of methylphenidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a functional magnetic resonance study. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA, 95, 1444–9.
70. Vaidya, C. J., Bunge, S. A., Dudukovic, N. M., et al. (2005) Altered neural substrates of cognitive control in childhood ADHD: evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Psychiatry, 162, 1605–13.
71. Valera, E. M., Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., et al. (2005) Functional neuroanatomy of working memory in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry, 57, 439–47.
72. Valera, E. M., Faraone, S. V., Murray, K. E., et al. (2007) Meta-analysis of structural imaging findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry, 61, 1361–9.
73. Volkow, N.D., Wang, G., Fowler, J. S., et al. (2005) Imaging the effects of methylphenidate on brain dopamine: new model on its therapeutic actions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry, 57, 1410–15.
74. Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., Nigg, J. T., et al. (2005) Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Biol Psychiatry, 57, 1336–46.
75. Zametkin, A. J., Liebenauer, L. L., Fitzgerald, G. A., et al. (1993) Brain metabolism in teenagers with attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder [see comments]. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, 333–40.
76. Zametkin, A. J., Nordahl, T. E., Gross, M., et al. (1990) Cerebral glucose metabolism in adults with hyperactivity of childhood onset. N Engl J Med, 323, 1361–6.
77. Zang, Y., He, Y., Zhu, C. Z., et al. (2007) Altered baseline brain activity in children with ADHD revealed by resting-state functional MRI. Brain Dev, 29, 83–91.
78. Zang, Y.-F., Jin, Z., Weng, X.-C., et al. (2005) Functional MRI in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: evidence for hypofrontality [see comment]. Brain Dev, 27, 544–50.