Ventral pallidum mediates amygdala-evoked deficits in prepulse inhibition

Behavioral Neuroscience

Volumn 126, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 290-300

  Forcelli, Patrick A ^a   West, Elizabeth A ^a   Murnen, Alice T ^a   Malkova, Ludise ^a  

^a GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Acoustic startle response; GABA A receptor; Muscimol; Pharmacological inhibition; Sensorimotor gating

Indexed keywords

MUSCIMOL; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA; CONTROLLED STUDY; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; LATERAL AMYGDALA; MALE; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NONHUMAN; PREPULSE INHIBITION; PREPULSE INHIBITION DEFICIT; RAT; STARTLE REFLEX; AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; ANIMAL; BASAL GANGLION; DRUG EFFECT; LONG EVANS RAT; NERVE CELL INHIBITION; NERVE TRACT; NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; SENSORY GATING;

AMYGDALA; ANIMALS; BASAL GANGLIA; GABA-A RECEPTOR AGONISTS; MALE; MUSCIMOL; NEURAL INHIBITION; NEURAL PATHWAYS; NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS; RATS; RATS, LONG-EVANS; SENSORY GATING; STARTLE REACTION;

EID: 84864325451     PISSN: 07357044     EISSN: 19390084     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0026898     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Allen, T. A., Narayanan, N. S., Kholodar-Smith, D. B., Zhao, Y., Laubach, M., & Brown, T. H. (2008). Imaging the spread of reversible brain inactivations using fluorescent muscimol. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 171, 30-38. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.01.033
2. Alsene, K. M., Rajbhandari, A. K., Ramaker, M. J., & Bakshi, V. P. (2011). Discrete forebrain neuronal networks supporting noradrenergic regulation of sensorimotor gating. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 36, 1003-1014. doi:10.1038/npp.2010.238
3. Bagri, A., Sandner, G., & Di Scala, G. (1989). Effects of unilateral microinjections of GABAergic drugs into the inferior colliculus on auditory evoked potentials and on audiogenic seizure susceptibility. Experimental Neurology, 104, 82-87. doi:10.1016/0014-4886 (89)90012-5
4. Bakshi, V. P., Tricklebank, M., Neijt, H. C., Lehmann-Masten, V., & Geyer, M. A. (1999). Disruption of prepulse inhibition and increases in locomotor activity by competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists in rats. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 288, 643-652.
5. Baron-Cohen, S., Ring, H. A., Bullmore, E. T., Wheelwright, S., Ashwin, C., & Williams, S. C. (2000). The amygdala theory of autism. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 355-364. doi:10.1016/S0149-7634(00)00011-7
6. Benes, F. M., & Berretta, S. (2000). Amygdalo-entorhinal inputs to the hippocampal formation in relation to schizophrenia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 911, 293-304. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06733.x
7. Blair, H. T., Sotres-Bayon, F., Moita, M. A. P., & Ledoux, J. E. (2005). The lateral amygdala processes the value of conditioned and unconditioned aversive stimuli. Neuroscience, 133, 561-569. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.02.043
8. Braff, D. L., Geyer, M. A., Light, G. A., Sprock, J., Perry, W., Cadenhead, K. S., & Swerdlow, N. R. (2001). Impact of prepulse characteristics on the detection of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 49, 171-178. doi:10.1016/S0920-9964(00)00139-0
9. Braff, D. L., Stone, C., Callaway, E., Geyer, M. A., Glick, I., & Bali, L. (1978). Prestimulus effects on human startle reflex in normals and schizophrenics. Psychophysiology, 15, 339-43. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01390.x
10. Breier, M. R., Lewis, B., Shoemaker, J., Light, G., & Swerdlow, N. R. (2010). Sensory and sensorimotor gating-disruptive effects of apomorphine in Sprague Dawley and Long Evans rats. Behavioural Brain Research, 208, 560-565. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.12.037
11. Campeau, S., & Davis, M. (1995). Involvement of the central nucleus and basolateral complex of the amygdala in fear conditioning measured with fear-potentiated startle in rats trained concurrently with auditory and visual conditioned stimuli. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 15, 2301-2311.
12. Castellanos, F. X., Fine, E. J., Kaysen, D., Marsh, W. L., Rapoport, J. L., & Hallett, M. (1996). Sensorimotor gating in boys with Tourette's syndrome and ADHD: Preliminary results. Biological Psychiatry, 39, 33-41. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00101-8
13. Christie, M. J., Summers, R. J., Stephenson, J. A., Cook, C. J., & Beart, P. M. (1987). Excitatory amino acid projections to the nucleus accumbens septi in the rat: A retrograde transport study utilizing D[3H]aspartate and [3H]GABA. Neuroscience, 22, 425-439. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(87)90345-9
14. Conrad, L. C., & Pfaff, D. W. (1976). Autoradiographic tracing of nucleus accumbens efferents in the rat. Brain Research, 113, 589-596. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90060-3
15. Decker, M. W., Curzon, P., & Brioni, J. D. (1995). Influence of separate and combined septal and amygdala lesions on memory, acoustic startle, anxiety, and locomotor activity in rats. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 64, 156-168. doi:10.1006/nlme.1995.1055
16. Ebert, U., & Koch, M. (1997). Acoustic startle-evoked potentials in the rat amygdala: Effect of kindling. Physiology & Behavior, 62, 557-562. doi:10.1016/S0031-9384(97)00018-8
17. Exner, C., Boucsein, K., Degner, D., Irle, E., & Weniger, G. (2004). Impaired emotional learning and reduced amygdala size in schizophrenia: A 3-month follow-up. Schizophrenia Research, 71, 493-503. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2004.02.023
18. Fendt, M., Schwienbacher, I., & Koch, M. (2000). Amygdaloid N-methyl-D-aspartate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (A) receptors regulate sensorimotor gating in a dopamine-dependent way in rats. Neuroscience, 98, 55-60. doi:10.1016/S0306-4522(00)00086-5
19. Floresco, S. B., Blaha, C. D., Yang, C. R., & Phillips, A. G. (2001a). Dopamine D1 and NMDA receptors mediate potentiation of basolateral amygdala-evoked firing of nucleus accumbens neurons. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 21, 6370-6376.
20. Floresco, S. B., Blaha, C. D., Yang, C. R., & Phillips, A. G. (2001b). Modulation of hippocampal and amygdalar-evoked activity of nucleus accumbens neurons by dopamine: Cellular mechanisms of input selection. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 21, 2851-2860.
21. Floresco, S. B., Yang, C. R., Phillips, A. G., & Blaha, C. D. (1998). Basolateral amygdala stimulation evokes glutamate receptor-dependent dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens of the anaesthetized rat. The European Journal of Neuroscience, 10, 1241-1251. doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00133.x
22. Frankland, P. W., Josselyn, S. A., Bradwejn, J., Vaccarino, F. J., & Yeomans, J. S. (1997). Activation of amygdala cholecystokininB receptors potentiates the acoustic startle response in the rat. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 17, 1838-1847.
23. Fuller, T. A., Russchen, F. T., & Price, J. L. (1987). Sources of presumptive glutamergic/aspartergic afferents to the rat ventral striatopallidal region. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 258, 317-338. doi: 10.1002/cne.902580302
24. Geyer, M. A., Wilkinson, L. S., Humby, T., & Robbins, T. W. (1993). Isolation rearing of rats produces a deficit in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle similar to that in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 34, 361-372. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90180-L
25. Grillon, C., Morgan, C. A., III, Davis, M., & Southwick, S. M. (1998). Effects of experimental context and explicit threat cues on acoustic startle in Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 44, 1027-1036. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00034-1
26. Grillon, C., Morgan, C. A., Southwick, S. M., Davis, M., & Charney, D. S. (1996). Baseline startle amplitude and prepulse inhibition in Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Research, 64, 169-178. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(96)02942-3
27. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: Eight Edition. National Academies Press. (2010). Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals; National Research Council.
28. Haber, S. N., Groenewegen, H. J., Grove, E. A., & Nauta, W. J. (1985a). Efferent connections of the ventral pallidum: Evidence of a dual striato pallidofugal pathway. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 235, 322-335. doi:10.1002/cne.902350304
29. Haber, S. N., Groenewegen, H. J., Grove, E. A., & Nauta, W. J. (1985b). Efferent connections of the ventral pallidum: Evidence of a dual striato pallidofugal pathway. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 235, 322-335. doi:10.1002/cne.902350304
30. Haber, S. N., Lynd, E., Klein, C., & Groenewegen, H. J. (1990). Topographic organization of the ventral striatal efferent projections in the rhesus monkey: An anterograde tracing study. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 293, 282-298. doi:10.1002/cne.902930210
31. Hitchcock, J. M., & Davis, M. (1991). Efferent pathway of the amygdala involved in conditioned fear as measured with the fear-potentiated startle paradigm. Behavioral Neuroscience, 105, 826-842. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.105.6.826
32. Howland, J. G., Hannesson, D. K., Barnes, S. J., & Phillips, A. G. (2007). Kindling of basolateral amygdala but not ventral hippocampus or perirhinal cortex disrupts sensorimotor gating in rats. Behavioural Brain Research, 177, 30-36. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.11.009
33. Johnson, L. R., Aylward, R. L., Hussain, Z., & Totterdell, S. (1994). Input from the amygdala to the rat nucleus accumbens: Its relationship with tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity and identified neurons. Neuroscience, 61, 851-865. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90408-1
34. Kamath, A., Al-Khairi, I., Bhardwaj, S., & Srivastava, L. K. (2008). Enhanced alpha1 adrenergic sensitivity in sensorimotor gating deficits in neonatal ventral hippocampus-lesioned rats. The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 11, 1085-1096. doi:10.1017/S1461145708008845
35. Kelley, A. E., Domesick, V. B., & Nauta, W. J. (1982). The amygdalostriatal projection in the rat-an anatomical study by anterograde and retrograde tracing methods. Neuroscience, 7, 615-630. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(82)90067-7
36. Kim, M., Campeau, S., Falls, W. A., & Davis, M. (1993). Infusion of the non-NMDA receptor antagonist CNQX into the amygdala blocks the expression of fear-potentiated startle. Behavioral and Neural Biology, 59, 5-8. doi:10.1016/0163-1047(93)91075-X
37. Kitamura, M., Ikeda, H., Koshikawa, N., & Cools, A. R. (2001). GABA(A) agents injected into the ventral pallidum differentially affect dopaminergic pivoting and cholinergic circling elicited from the shell of the nucleus accumbens. Neuroscience, 104, 117-127. doi:10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00053-7
38. Koch, M., & Ebert, U. (1998). Deficient sensorimotor gating following seizures in amygdala-kindled rats. Biological Psychiatry, 44, 290-297. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(97)00397-1
39. Koch, M., & Schnitzler, H. U. (1997). The acoustic startle response in rats-circuits mediating evocation, inhibition and potentiation. Behavioural Brain Research, 89, 35-49. doi:10.1016/S0166-4328(97)02296-1
40. Kodsi, M. H., & Swerdlow, N. R. (1994). Quinolinic acid lesions of the ventral striatum reduce sensorimotor gating of acoustic startle in rats. Brain Research, 643, 59-65. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90008-6
41. Kodsi, M. H., & Swerdlow, N. R. (1995). Ventral pallidal GABA-A receptors regulate prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. Brain Research, 684, 26-35. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00372-W
42. Kretschmer, B. D., & Koch, M. (1998). The ventral pallidum mediates disruption of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response induced by dopamine agonists, but not by NMDA antagonists. Brain Research, 798, 204-210. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(98)00424-7
43. Li, L., Priebe, R. P., & Yeomans, J. S. (1998). Prepulse inhibition of acoustic or trigeminal startle of rats by unilateral electrical stimulation of the inferior colliculus. Behavioral Neuroscience, 112, 1187-1198. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.112.5.1187
44. Lingenhöhl, K., & Friauf, E. (1994). Giant neurons in the rat reticular formation: A sensorimotor interface in the elementary acoustic startle circuit? The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 14, 1176-1194.
45. Maggio, R., & Gale, K. (1989). Seizures evoked from area tempestas are subject to control by GABA and glutamate receptors in substantia nigra. Experimental Neurology, 105, 184-8. doi:10.1016/0014-4886 (89)90118-0
46. Malkova, L., Barrow, K. V., Lower, L. L., & Gale, K. (2003). Decreased social interactions in monkeys after unilateral blockade of GABAA receptors in the basolateral amygdala. In P. Shinnick-Gallagher, A. Pitkanen, A. Shekhar, & L. Cahill (Eds.), The amygdala in brain function: Basic and clinical approaches (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 985, 540-541).
47. Mansbach, R. S., & Geyer, M. A. (1991). Parametric determinants in pre-stimulus modification of acoustic startle: Interaction with ketamine. Psychopharmacology, 105, 162-168. doi:10.1007/BF02244303
48. Martin, J. H., & Ghez, C. (1999). Pharmacological inactivation in the analysis of the central control of movement. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 86, 145-159. doi:10.1016/S0165-0270(98)00163-0
49. Olpe, H. R., Schellenberg, H., & Koella, W. P. (1977). Rotational behavior induced in rats by intranigral application of GABA-related drugs and GABA antagonists. European Journal of Pharmacology, 45, 291-294. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(77)90012-7
50. Papp, E., Borhegyi, Z., Tomioka, R., Rockland, K. S., Mody, I., & Freund, T. F. (2011). Glutamatergic input from specific sources influences the nucleus accumbens-ventral pallidum information flow. Brain Structure and Function. doi:10.1007/s00429-011-0331-z
51. Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (2007). The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates (6th ed.). London, United Kingdom: Academic Press.
52. Périer, C., Tremblay, L., Féger, J., & Hirsch, E. C. (2002). Behavioral consequences of bicuculline injection in the subthalamic nucleus and the zona incerta in rat. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 22, 8711-8719.
53. Perry, W., Minassian, A., Lopez, B., Maron, L., & Lincoln, A. (2007). Sensorimotor gating deficits in adults with autism. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 482-486. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.09.025
54. Pothuizen, H. H. J., Jongen-Rêlo, A. L., & Feldon, J. (2005). The effects of temporary inactivation of the core and the shell subregions of the nucleus accumbens on prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex and activity in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 30, 683-696. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300643
55. Protopopescu, X., Pan, H., Tuescher, O., Cloitre, M., Goldstein, M., Engelien, W.,...Stern, E. (2005). Differential time courses and specificity of amygdala activity in posttraumatic stress disorder subjects and normal control subjects. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 464-473. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.026
56. Qu, Y., Saint Marie, R. L., Breier, M. R., Ko, D., Stouffer, D., Parsons, L. H., & Swerdlow, N. R. (2009). Neural basis for a heritable phenotype: Differences in the effects of apomorphine on startle gating and ventral pallidal GABA efflux in male Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats. Psychopharmacology, 207, 271-280. doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1654-9
57. Rajarethinam, R., DeQuardo, J. R., Miedler, J., Arndt, S., Kirbat, R., Brunberg, J. A., & Tandon, R. (2001). Hippocampus and amygdala in schizophrenia: Assessment of the relationship of neuroanatomy to psychopathology. Psychiatry Research, 108, 79-87. doi:10.1016/S0925-4927(01)00120-2
58. Reijmers, L. G., & Peeters, B. W. (1994). Effects of acoustic prepulses on the startle reflex in rats: A parametric analysis. Brain Research, 667, 144-150. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91727-2
59. Robinson, T. G., & Beart, P. M. (1988). Excitant amino acid projections from rat amygdala and thalamus to nucleus accumbens. Brain Research Bulletin, 20, 467-471. doi:10.1016/0361-9230(88)90136-0
60. Rogers, M. A., Yamasue, H., Abe, O., Yamada, H., Ohtani, T., Iwanami, A.,...Kasai, K. (2009). Smaller amygdala volume and reduced anterior cingulate gray matter density associated with history of post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Research, 174, 210-216. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.06.001
61. Rosen, J. B., Hitchcock, J. M., Sananes, C. B., Miserendino, M. J., & Davis, M. (1991). A direct projection from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the acoustic startle pathway: Anterograde and retrograde tracing studies. Behavioral Neuroscience, 105, 817-825. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.105.6.817
62. Russchen, F. T., Amaral, D. G., & Price, J. L. (1985). The afferent connections of the substantia innominata in the monkey, Macaca fascicularis. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 242, 1-27. doi: 10.1002/cne.902420102
63. Russchen, F. T., Bakst, I., Amaral, D. G., & Price, J. L. (1985). The amygdalostriatal projections in the monkey. An anterograde tracing study. Brain Research, 329, 241-257. doi:10.1016/0006-8993 (85)90530-X
64. Russchen, F. T., & Price, J. L. (1984). Amygdalostriatal projections in the rat. Topographical organization and fiber morphology shown using the lectin PHA-L as an anterograde tracer. Neuroscience Letters, 47, 15-22. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(84)90379-3
65. Sananes, C. B., & Davis, M. (1992). N-methyl-D-aspartate lesions of the lateral and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala block fear-potentiated startle and shock sensitization of startle. Behavioral Neuroscience, 106, 72-80. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.106.1.72
66. Shilling, P. D., Saint Marie, R. L., Shoemaker, J. M., & Swerdlow, N. R. (2008). Strain differences in the gating-disruptive effects of apomorphine: Relationship to gene expression in nucleus accumbens signaling pathways. Biological Psychiatry, 63, 748-758. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych .2007.10.015
67. Silva, R. C. B., Sandner, G., & Brandão, M. L. (2005). Unilateral electrical stimulation of the inferior colliculus of rats modifies the prepulse modulation of the startle response (PPI): effects of ketamine and diazepam. Behavioural Brain Research, 160, 323-330. doi:10.1016/j.bbr .2004.12.013
68. Sipes, T. E., & Geyer, M. A. (1997). DOI disrupts prepulse inhibition of startle in rats via 5-HT2A receptors in the ventral pallidum. Brain Research, 761, 97-104. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00316-8
69. Steininger, T. L., Rye, D. B., & Wainer, B. H. (1992). Afferent projections to the cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and adjacent midbrain extrapyramidal area in the albino rat. I. Retrograde tracing studies. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 321, 515-543. doi: 10.1002/cne.903210403
70. Stevenson, C. W., & Gratton, A. (2004). Role of basolateral amygdala dopamine in modulating prepulse inhibition and latent inhibition in the rat. Psychopharmacology, 176, 139-145. doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1879-6
71. Sugranyes, G., Kyriakopoulos, M., Corrigall, R., Taylor, E., & Frangou, S. (2011). Autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia: Meta-analysis of the neural correlates of social cognition. PloS ONE, 6, e25322. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025322
72. Swerdlow, N. R., Benbow, C. H., Zisook, S., Geyer, M. A., & Braff, D. L. (1993). A preliminary assessment of sensorimotor gating in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 33, 298-301. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90300-3
73. Swerdlow, N. R., Braff, D. L., & Geyer, M. A. (1990). GABAergic projection from nucleus accumbens to ventral pallidum mediates dopamine-induced sensorimotor gating deficits of acoustic startle in rats. Brain Research, 532, 146-150. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91754-5
74. Swerdlow, N. R., Braff, D. L., & Geyer, M. A. (2000). Animal models of deficient sensorimotor gating: What we know, what we think we know, and what we hope to know soon. Behavioural Pharmacology, 11, 185-204. doi:10.1097/00008877-200006000-00002
75. Swerdlow, N. R., Braff, D. L., Masten, V. L., & Geyer, M. A. (1990). Schizophrenic-like sensorimotor gating abnormalities in rats following dopamine infusion into the nucleus accumbens. Psychopharmacology, 101, 414-420. doi:10.1007/BF02244063
76. Swerdlow, N. R., Breier, M. R., & Saint Marie, R. L. (2011). Probing the molecular basis for an inherited sensitivity to the startle-gating disruptive effects of apomorphine in rats. Psychopharmacology, 216, 401-410. doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2228-1
77. Swerdlow, N. R., Geyer, M. A., & Braff, D. L. (2001). Neural circuit regulation of prepulse inhibition of startle in the rat: Current knowledge and future challenges. Psychopharmacology, 156, 194-215. doi: 10.1007/s002130100799
78. Swerdlow, N. R., Paulsen, J., Braff, D. L., Butters, N., Geyer, M. A., & Swenson, M. R. (1995). Impaired prepulse inhibition of acoustic and tactile startle response in patients with Huntington's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 58, 192-200. doi:10.1136/jnnp.58.2.192
79. Swerdlow, N. R., Shoemaker, J. M., Crain, S., Goins, J., Onozuka, K., & Auerbach, P. P. (2004). Sensitivity to drug effects on prepulse inhibition in inbred and outbred rat strains. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 77, 291-302. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2003.11.008
80. Wan, F. J., Geyer, M. A., & Swerdlow, N. R. (1995). Presynaptic dopamine-glutamate interactions in the nucleus accumbens regulate sensorimotor gating. Psychopharmacology, 120, 433-441. doi:10.1007/BF02245815
81. Wan, F. J., & Swerdlow, N. R. (1993). Intra-accumbens infusion of quinpirole impairs sensorimotor gating of acoustic startle in rats. Psychopharmacology, 113, 103-109. doi:10.1007/BF02244341
82. Wan, F. J., & Swerdlow, N. R. (1996). Sensorimotor gating in rats is regulated by different dopamine-glutamate interactions in the nucleus accumbens core and shell subregions. Brain Research, 722, 168-176. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00209-0
83. Wan, F. J., & Swerdlow, N. R. (1997). The basolateral amygdala regulates sensorimotor gating of acoustic startle in the rat. Neuroscience, 76, 715-724. doi:10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00218-7
84. Weber, M., Chang, W.-li, Breier, M. R., Ko, D., & Swerdlow, N. R. (2008). Heritable strain differences in sensitivity to the startle gating-disruptive effects of D2 but not D3 receptor stimulation. Behavioural Pharmacology, 19, 786-795. doi:10.1097/FBP.0b013e32831c3b2b
85. Weber, M., & Swerdlow, N. R. (2008). Rat strain differences in startle gating-disruptive effects of apomorphine occur with both acoustic and visual prepulses. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 88, 306-311. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2007.08.014
86. Wellman, L. (2005). The role of the amygdala in primate socioemotional behavior (Doctoral dissertation). Georgetown University, Washington, DC
87. Woon, F. L., & Hedges, D. W. (2009). Amygdala volume in adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 21, 5-12. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21.1.5
88. Wright, I. C., Rabe-Hesketh, S., Woodruff, P. W., David, A. S., Murray, R. M., & Bullmore, E. T. (2000). Meta-analysis of regional brain volumes in schizophrenia. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 16-25.
89. Yim, C. Y., & Mogenson, G. J. (1983). Response of ventral pallidal neurons to amygdala stimulation and its modulation by dopamine projections to nucleus accumbens. Journal of Neurophysiology, 50, 148-161.