Determinants of VLDL-triglycerides production

Current Opinion in Lipidology

Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 321-326

  Nielsen, Søren ^a   Karpe, Fredrik ^b,c  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c OXFORD UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

exercise; free fatty acids; glucagon; insulin; very low density lipoprotein triglycerides

Indexed keywords

ACIPIMOX; APOLIPOPROTEIN B100; ESTROGEN; FATTY ACID; GLUCAGON; GLUCAGON RECEPTOR; GLUCOSE; GLYCEROL; GROWTH HORMONE; INSULIN; LEUCINE; LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE; SEX HORMONE; TESTOSTERONE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; EXERCISE; FATTY ACID TRANSPORT; GLUCONEOGENESIS; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERINSULINEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULINOMA; LEAN BODY WEIGHT; LIPOGENESIS; LIPOLYSIS; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; NONHUMAN; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; EXERCISE; FATTY ACIDS, NONESTERIFIED; GLUCAGON; HORMONES; HUMANS; INSULIN; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL; TRIGLYCERIDES;

EID: 84863981285     PISSN: 09579672     EISSN: 14736535     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283544956     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Barter PJ, Nestel PJ, Carroll KF. Precursors of plasma triglyceride fatty acid in humans. Effects of glucose consumption, clofibrate administration, and alcoholic fatty liver. Metabolism 1972; 21:117-124.
2. Boberg J, Carlson LA, Freyschuss U, et al. Splanchnic secretion rates of plasma triglycerides and total and splanchnic turnover of plasma free fatty acids in men with normo-and hypertriglyceridaemia. Eur J Clin Invest 1972; 2:454-466.
3. Nielsen S, Guo Z, Johnson CM, et al. Splanchnic lipolysis in human obesity. J Clin Invest 2004; 113:1582-1588.
4. Fabbrini E, Magkos F, Mohammed BS, et al. Intrahepatic fat, not visceral fat, is linked with metabolic complications of obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106:15430-15435.
5. Magkos F, Sidossis LS. Measuring very low density lipoprotein- triglyceride kinetics in man in vivo: how different the various methods really are. CurrOpin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2004; 7:547-555.
6. Patterson BW, Mittendorfer B, Elias N, et al. Use of stable isotopically labeled tracers to measure very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride turnover. J Lipid Res 2002; 43:223-233.
7. Adiels M, Packard C, CaslakeMJ, et al. A new combined multicompartmental model for apolipoprotein B-100 and triglyceride metabolism in VLDL subfractions. J Lipid Res 2005; 46:58-67.
8. Gormsen LC, Jensen MD, Nielsen S. Measuring VLDL-triglyceride turnover in humans using ex vivo-prepared VLDL tracer. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:99-106.
9. Sorensen LP, Gormsen LC, Nielsen S. VLDL-TG kinetics: a dual isotope study for quantifying VLDL-TG pool size, production rates, and fractional oxidation in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 297:E1324-E1330.
10. Iozzo P, Bucci M, Roivainen A, et al. Fatty acid metabolism in the liver, measured by positron emission tomography, is increased in obese individuals. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:846-856.
11. Lewis GF. Fatty acid regulation of very low density lipoprotein production. Curr Opin Lipidol 1997; 8:146-153.
12. Havel RJ, Kane JP, Balasse EO, et al. Splanchnic metabolism of free fatty acids and production of triglycerides of very low density lipoproteins in normotriglyceridemic and hypertriglyceridemic humans. J Clin Invest 1970; 49:2017-2035.
13. Lewis GF, Uffelman KD, Szeto LW, et al. Interaction between free fatty acids and insulin in the acute control of very low density lipoprotein production in humans. J Clin Invest 1995; 95:158-166.
14. Barrows BR, Timlin MT, Parks EJ. Spillover of dietary fatty acids and use of serum nonesterified fatty acids for the synthesis of VLDL-triacylglycerol under two different feeding regimens. Diabetes 2005; 54:2668-2673.
15. Timlin MT, Barrows BR, Parks EJ. Increased dietary substrate delivery alters hepatic fatty acid recycling in healthy men. Diabetes 2005; 54:2694-2701.
16. Donnelly KL, Smith CI, Schwarzenberg SJ, et al. Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:1343-1351.
17. Parks EJ, Krauss RM, Christiansen MP, et al. Effects of a low-fat, highcarbohydrate diet on VLDL-triglyceride assembly, production, and clearance. J Clin Invest 1999; 104:1087-1096.
18. Aarsland A, Chinkes D, Wolfe RR. Contributions of de novo synthesis of fatty acids to total VLDL-triglyceride secretion during prolonged hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia in normal man. J Clin Invest 1996; 98:2008-2017.
19. Gormsen LC, Jensen MD, Schmitz O, et al. Energy expenditure, insulin, and VLDL-triglyceride production in humans. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:2325-2332.
20. Krag MB, Gormsen LC, Guo Z, et al. Growth hormone-induced insulin resistance is associated with increased intramyocellular triglyceride content but unaltered VLDL-triglyceride kinetics. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292:E920-E927.
21. Sondergaard E, Rahbek I, Sorensen LP, et al. Effects of exercise on VLDLtriglyceride oxidation and turnover. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300:E939-E944.
22. Carpentier A, Patterson BW, Leung N, Lewis GF. Sensitivity to acute insulinmediated suppression of plasma free fatty acids is not a determinant of fasting VLDL triglyceride secretion in healthy humans. Diabetes 2002; 51:1867-1875.
23. Thompson D, Karpe F, Lafontan M, Frayn K. Physical activity and exercise in the regulation of human adipose tissue physiology. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:157-191.
24. Magkos F, Wright DC, Patterson BW, et al. Lipid metabolism response to a single, prolonged bout of endurance exercise in healthy young men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 290:E355-E362.
25. Magkos F, Tsekouras YE, Prentzas KI, et al. Acute exercise-induced changes in basal VLDL-triglyceride kinetics leading to hypotriglyceridemia manifest more readily after resistance than endurance exercise. J Appl Physiol 2008; 105:1228-1236.
26. Magkos F, Patterson BW, Mohammed BS, Mittendorfer B. Basal adipose tissue and hepatic lipid kinetics are not affected by a single exercise bout of moderate duration and intensity in sedentary women. Clin Sci (London) 2009; 116:327-334.
27. Sullivan S, Kirk EP, Mittendorfer B, et al. Randomized trial of exercise effect on intrahepatic triglyceride content and lipid kinetics in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2011; doi: 10.1002/hep.25548. [Epub ahead of print].
28. Choi SH, Ginsberg HN. Increased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2011; 22:353-363.
29. Karpe F, Dickmann JR, Frayn KN. Fatty acids, obesity, and insulin resistance: time for a reevaluation. Diabetes 2011; 60:2441-2449.
30. McQuaid SE, Hodson L, Neville MJ, et al. Downregulation of adipose tissue fatty acid trafficking in obesity: a driver for ectopic fat deposition? Diabetes 2011; 60:47-55.
31. Duvillard L, Florentin E, Pont F, et al. Endogenous chronic hyperinsulinemia does not increase the production rate of VLDL apolipoprotein B: proof from a kinetic study in patients with insulinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:2163-2170.
32. Sorensen LP, Sondergaard E, Nellemann B, et al. Increased VLDL-triglyceride secretion precedes impaired control of endogenous glucose production in obese, normoglycemic men. Diabetes 2011; 60:2257-2264.
33. Mittendorfer B, Patterson BW, Klein S, Sidossis LS. VLDL-triglyceride kinetics during hyperglycemia-hyperinsulinemia: effects of sex and obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003; 284:E708-E715.
34. Sorensen LP, Andersen IR, Sondergaard E, et al. Basal and insulin mediated VLDL-triglyceride kinetics in type 2 diabetic men. Diabetes 2011; 60:88-96.
35. Søndergaard E, Sørensen LP, Rahbek I, et al. Impaired postprandial suppression of endogenous VLDL-TG secretion in type 2 diabetic men. Diabetes 2011; 60 (Suppl 1):A190.
36. Ginsberg HN, Jacobs A, Le NA, Sandler J. Effect of somatostatin-induced suppression of postprandial insulin response upon the hypertriglyceridemia associated with a high carbohydrate diet. J Clin Invest 1982; 70:1225-1233.
37. Malmstrom R, Packard CJ, Caslake M, et al. Effects of insulin and acipimox on VLDL1 and VLDL2 apolipoprotein B production in normal subjects. Diabetes 1998; 47:779-787.
38. Longuet C, Sinclair EM, Maida A, et al. The glucagon receptor is required for the adaptive metabolic response to fasting. Cell Metab 2008; 8:359-371.
39. Xiao C, Pavlic M, Szeto L, et al. Effects of acute hyperglucagonemia on hepatic and intestinal lipoprotein production and clearance in healthy humans. Diabetes 2011; 60:383-390.
40. Magkos F, Fabbrini E, Mohammed BS, et al. Estrogen deficiency after menopause does not result in male very-low-density lipoprotein metabolism phenotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:3377-3384.
41. Marinou K, Adiels M, Hodson L, et al. Young women partition fatty acids towards ketone body production rather than VLDL-TAG synthesis, compared with young men. Br J Nutr 2011; 105:857-865.
42. Sarac I, Backhouse K, Shojaee-Moradie F et al. Gender differences in VLDL1 and VLDL2 triglyceride kinetics and fatty acid kinetics in obese postmenopausal women and obese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012 [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-3248.
43. Gormsen LC, Host C, Hjerrild BE, et al. Acute estrogen exposure does not affect basal very low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride production or oxidation in postmenopausal women. Eur J Endocrinol 2010; 163:421-426.
44. Wang X, Smith GI, Patterson BW, et al. Testosterone increases the muscle protein synthesis rate but does not affect very-low-density lipoprotein metabolism in obese premenopausal women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E740-E746.