메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 409-416

Mechanisms of transcriptional precision in animal development

Author keywords

Enhancer; Gene regulatory networks; Paused polymerase; Pioneer factors; Robustness

Indexed keywords

BINDING SITE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; DEVELOPMENT; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; ENHANCER REGION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; GENE ACTIVATION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HUMAN; MOLECULAR MODEL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; REVIEW; STEM CELL; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

EID: 84863882671     PISSN: 01689525     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2012.03.006     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (113)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 77956495708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional enhancers in animal development and evolution
    • Levine M. Transcriptional enhancers in animal development and evolution. Curr. Biol. 2010, 20:R754-R763.
    • (2010) Curr. Biol. , vol.20
    • Levine, M.1
  • 2
    • 0019133661 scopus 로고
    • Mutations affecting segment number and polarity in Drosophila
    • Nüsslein-Volhard C., Wieschaus E. Mutations affecting segment number and polarity in Drosophila. Nature 1980, 287:795-801.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.287 , pp. 795-801
    • Nüsslein-Volhard, C.1    Wieschaus, E.2
  • 4
    • 0027018543 scopus 로고
    • The bicoid and dorsal morphogens use a similar strategy to make stripes in the Drosophila embryo
    • Ip Y.T., et al. The bicoid and dorsal morphogens use a similar strategy to make stripes in the Drosophila embryo. J. Cell Sci. 1992, 16(Suppl.):33-38.
    • (1992) J. Cell Sci. , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 33-38
    • Ip, Y.T.1
  • 5
    • 71149089027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Network design principles from the sea urchin embryo
    • Davidson E.H. Network design principles from the sea urchin embryo. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2009, 19:535-540.
    • (2009) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. , vol.19 , pp. 535-540
    • Davidson, E.H.1
  • 6
    • 77249114260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in gene expression underlies incomplete penetrance
    • Raj A., et al. Variability in gene expression underlies incomplete penetrance. Nature 2010, 463:913-918.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.463 , pp. 913-918
    • Raj, A.1
  • 7
    • 83055180178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting mutation outcome from early stochastic variation in genetic interaction partners
    • Burga A., et al. Predicting mutation outcome from early stochastic variation in genetic interaction partners. Nature 2011, 480:250-253.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.480 , pp. 250-253
    • Burga, A.1
  • 8
    • 0030030902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The eve stripe 2 enhancer employs multiple modes of transcriptional synergy
    • Arnosti D.N., et al. The eve stripe 2 enhancer employs multiple modes of transcriptional synergy. Development 1996, 122:205-214.
    • (1996) Development , vol.122 , pp. 205-214
    • Arnosti, D.N.1
  • 9
    • 81755177824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of eukaryotic enhancer architecture for gene expression dynamics, development, and fitness
    • Ludwig M.Z., et al. Consequences of eukaryotic enhancer architecture for gene expression dynamics, development, and fitness. PLoS Genet. 2011, 7:e1002364.
    • (2011) PLoS Genet. , vol.7
    • Ludwig, M.Z.1
  • 10
    • 0026355632 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of a segmentation stripe by overlapping activators and repressors in the Drosophila embryo
    • Stanojevic D., et al. Regulation of a segmentation stripe by overlapping activators and repressors in the Drosophila embryo. Science 1991, 254:1385-1387.
    • (1991) Science , vol.254 , pp. 1385-1387
    • Stanojevic, D.1
  • 11
    • 0026744792 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of even-skipped stripe 2 in the Drosophila embryo
    • Small S., et al. Regulation of even-skipped stripe 2 in the Drosophila embryo. EMBO J. 1992, 11:4047-4057.
    • (1992) EMBO J. , vol.11 , pp. 4047-4057
    • Small, S.1
  • 12
    • 77956521381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shadow enhancers foster robustness of Drosophila gastrulation
    • Perry M.W., et al. Shadow enhancers foster robustness of Drosophila gastrulation. Curr. Biol. 2010, 20:1562-1567.
    • (2010) Curr. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 1562-1567
    • Perry, M.W.1
  • 13
    • 51149203927 scopus 로고
    • Canalization of development and the inheritance of acquired characters
    • Waddington C.H. Canalization of development and the inheritance of acquired characters. Nature 1942, 150:563-565.
    • (1942) Nature , vol.150 , pp. 563-565
    • Waddington, C.H.1
  • 14
    • 70449132583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combinatorial binding predicts spatio-temporal cis-regulatory activity
    • Zinzen R.P., et al. Combinatorial binding predicts spatio-temporal cis-regulatory activity. Nature 2009, 462:65-70.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.462 , pp. 65-70
    • Zinzen, R.P.1
  • 15
    • 79955471381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High conservation of transcription factor binding and evidence for combinatorial regulation across six Drosophila species
    • He Q., et al. High conservation of transcription factor binding and evidence for combinatorial regulation across six Drosophila species. Nat. Genet. 2011, 43:414-420.
    • (2011) Nat. Genet. , vol.43 , pp. 414-420
    • He, Q.1
  • 16
    • 84655164920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale discovery of enhancers from human heart tissue
    • May D., et al. Large-scale discovery of enhancers from human heart tissue. Nat. Genet. 2011, 44:89-93.
    • (2011) Nat. Genet. , vol.44 , pp. 89-93
    • May, D.1
  • 17
    • 33847189172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole-genome ChIP-chip analysis of Dorsal, Twist, and Snail suggests integration of diverse patterning processes in the Drosophila embryo
    • Zeitlinger J., et al. Whole-genome ChIP-chip analysis of Dorsal, Twist, and Snail suggests integration of diverse patterning processes in the Drosophila embryo. Gene Dev. 2007, 21:385-390.
    • (2007) Gene Dev. , vol.21 , pp. 385-390
    • Zeitlinger, J.1
  • 18
    • 51149097760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shadow enhancers as a source of evolutionary novelty
    • Hong J.W., et al. Shadow enhancers as a source of evolutionary novelty. Science 2008, 321:1314.
    • (2008) Science , vol.321 , pp. 1314
    • Hong, J.W.1
  • 19
    • 84855804140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shadow enhancers: frequently asked questions about distributed cis-regulatory information and enhancer redundancy
    • Barolo S. Shadow enhancers: frequently asked questions about distributed cis-regulatory information and enhancer redundancy. BioEssays 2011, 34:135-141.
    • (2011) BioEssays , vol.34 , pp. 135-141
    • Barolo, S.1
  • 20
    • 77954960062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic robustness conferred by apparently redundant transcriptional enhancers
    • Frankel N., et al. Phenotypic robustness conferred by apparently redundant transcriptional enhancers. Nature 2010, 466:490-493.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.466 , pp. 490-493
    • Frankel, N.1
  • 21
    • 80051928360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex interactions between cis-regulatory modules in native conformation are critical for Drosophila snail expression
    • Dunipace L., et al. Complex interactions between cis-regulatory modules in native conformation are critical for Drosophila snail expression. Development 2011, 4084:4075-4084.
    • (2011) Development , vol.4084 , pp. 4075-4084
    • Dunipace, L.1
  • 22
    • 70350444693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rbpj cell autonomous regulation of retinal ganglion cell and cone photoreceptor fates in the mouse retina
    • Riesenberg A.N., et al. Rbpj cell autonomous regulation of retinal ganglion cell and cone photoreceptor fates in the mouse retina. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:12865-12877.
    • (2009) J. Neurosci. , vol.29 , pp. 12865-12877
    • Riesenberg, A.N.1
  • 23
    • 79955471262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletion of a remote enhancer near ATOH7 disrupts retinal neurogenesis, causing NCRNA disease
    • Ghiasvand N.M., et al. Deletion of a remote enhancer near ATOH7 disrupts retinal neurogenesis, causing NCRNA disease. Nat. Neurosci. 2011, 14:578-586.
    • (2011) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 578-586
    • Ghiasvand, N.M.1
  • 24
    • 38349076024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory divergence modifies limb length between mammals
    • Cretekos C.J., et al. Regulatory divergence modifies limb length between mammals. Gene Dev. 2008, 22:141-151.
    • (2008) Gene Dev. , vol.22 , pp. 141-151
    • Cretekos, C.J.1
  • 25
    • 81855227640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A regulatory archipelago controls Hox genes transcription in digits
    • Montavon T., et al. A regulatory archipelago controls Hox genes transcription in digits. Cell 2011, 147:1132-1145.
    • (2011) Cell , vol.147 , pp. 1132-1145
    • Montavon, T.1
  • 26
    • 36549013619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA polymerase stalling at developmental control genes in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo
    • Zeitlinger J., et al. RNA polymerase stalling at developmental control genes in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo. Nat. Genet. 2007, 39:1512-1516.
    • (2007) Nat. Genet. , vol.39 , pp. 1512-1516
    • Zeitlinger, J.1
  • 27
    • 79955795581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paused RNA polymerase II as a developmental checkpoint
    • Levine M. Paused RNA polymerase II as a developmental checkpoint. Cell 2011, 145:502-511.
    • (2011) Cell , vol.145 , pp. 502-511
    • Levine, M.1
  • 28
    • 79953164741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoter proximal pausing and the control of gene expression
    • Li J., Gilmour D.S. Promoter proximal pausing and the control of gene expression. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2011, 21:231-235.
    • (2011) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. , vol.21 , pp. 231-235
    • Li, J.1    Gilmour, D.S.2
  • 29
    • 34447098370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A chromatin landmark and transcription initiation at most promoters in human cells
    • Guenther M.G., et al. A chromatin landmark and transcription initiation at most promoters in human cells. Cell 2007, 130:77-88.
    • (2007) Cell , vol.130 , pp. 77-88
    • Guenther, M.G.1
  • 30
    • 79954562232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulating RNA polymerase pausing and transcription elongation in embryonic stem cells
    • Min I.M., et al. Regulating RNA polymerase pausing and transcription elongation in embryonic stem cells. Gene Dev. 2011, 25:742-754.
    • (2011) Gene Dev. , vol.25 , pp. 742-754
    • Min, I.M.1
  • 31
    • 67749106610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchronous and stochastic patterns of gene activation in the Drosophila embryo
    • Boettiger A.N., Levine M. Synchronous and stochastic patterns of gene activation in the Drosophila embryo. Science 2009, 325:471-473.
    • (2009) Science , vol.325 , pp. 471-473
    • Boettiger, A.N.1    Levine, M.2
  • 32
    • 79958078747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional regulation: effects of promoter proximal pausing on speed, synchrony and reliability
    • Boettiger A.N., et al. Transcriptional regulation: effects of promoter proximal pausing on speed, synchrony and reliability. PLoS Comput. Biol. 2011, 7:e1001136.
    • (2011) PLoS Comput. Biol. , vol.7
    • Boettiger, A.N.1
  • 33
    • 46149108345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid, transcription-independent loss of nucleosomes over a large chromatin domain at Hsp70 loci
    • Petesch S.J., Lis J.T. Rapid, transcription-independent loss of nucleosomes over a large chromatin domain at Hsp70 loci. Cell 2008, 134:74-84.
    • (2008) Cell , vol.134 , pp. 74-84
    • Petesch, S.J.1    Lis, J.T.2
  • 34
    • 78149477660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pausing of RNA polymerase II disrupts DNA-specified nucleosome organization to enable precise gene regulation
    • Gilchrist D.A., et al. Pausing of RNA polymerase II disrupts DNA-specified nucleosome organization to enable precise gene regulation. Cell 2010, 143:540-551.
    • (2010) Cell , vol.143 , pp. 540-551
    • Gilchrist, D.A.1
  • 35
    • 79959348134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Polycomb group mutant esc leads to augmented levels of paused Pol II in the Drosophila embryo
    • Chopra V.S., et al. The Polycomb group mutant esc leads to augmented levels of paused Pol II in the Drosophila embryo. Mol. Cell. 2011, 42:837-844.
    • (2011) Mol. Cell. , vol.42 , pp. 837-844
    • Chopra, V.S.1
  • 36
    • 80455144479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioneer transcription factors: establishing competence for gene expression
    • Zaret K.S., Carroll J.S. Pioneer transcription factors: establishing competence for gene expression. Gene Dev. 2011, 25:2227-2241.
    • (2011) Gene Dev. , vol.25 , pp. 2227-2241
    • Zaret, K.S.1    Carroll, J.S.2
  • 37
    • 80053444296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of FoxA pioneer factor at silent genes reveals Rfx-repressed enhancer at Cdx2 and a potential indicator of esophageal adenocarcinoma development
    • Watts J.A., et al. Study of FoxA pioneer factor at silent genes reveals Rfx-repressed enhancer at Cdx2 and a potential indicator of esophageal adenocarcinoma development. PLoS Genet. 2011, 7:e1002277.
    • (2011) PLoS Genet. , vol.7
    • Watts, J.A.1
  • 38
    • 80054084614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioneer factors: directing transcriptional regulators within the chromatin environment
    • Magnani L., et al. Pioneer factors: directing transcriptional regulators within the chromatin environment. Trends Genet. 2011, 27:465-474.
    • (2011) Trends Genet. , vol.27 , pp. 465-474
    • Magnani, L.1
  • 39
    • 77957333745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic chromatin organization during foregut development mediated by the organ selector gene pha-4/FoxA
    • Fakhouri T.H.I., et al. Dynamic chromatin organization during foregut development mediated by the organ selector gene pha-4/FoxA. PLoS Genet. 2010, 6:e1001060.
    • (2010) PLoS Genet. , vol.6
    • Fakhouri, T.H.I.1
  • 40
    • 56749183626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The zinc-finger protein Zelda is a key activator of the early zygotic genome in Drosophila
    • Liang H.L., et al. The zinc-finger protein Zelda is a key activator of the early zygotic genome in Drosophila. Nature 2008, 456:400-403.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.456 , pp. 400-403
    • Liang, H.L.1
  • 41
    • 80055074510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal coordination of gene networks by Zelda in the early Drosophila embryo
    • Nien C.Y., et al. Temporal coordination of gene networks by Zelda in the early Drosophila embryo. PLoS Genet. 2011, 7:e1002339.
    • (2011) PLoS Genet. , vol.7
    • Nien, C.Y.1
  • 42
    • 80055073174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zelda Binding in the early Drosophila melanogaster embryo marks regions subsequently activated at the maternal-to-zygotic transition
    • Harrison M.M., et al. Zelda Binding in the early Drosophila melanogaster embryo marks regions subsequently activated at the maternal-to-zygotic transition. PLoS Genet. 2011, 7:e1002266.
    • (2011) PLoS Genet. , vol.7
    • Harrison, M.M.1
  • 43
    • 79956326274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromatin 'prepattern' and histone modifiers in a fate choice for liver and pancreas
    • Xu C.R., et al. Chromatin 'prepattern' and histone modifiers in a fate choice for liver and pancreas. Science 2011, 332:963-966.
    • (2011) Science , vol.332 , pp. 963-966
    • Xu, C.R.1
  • 44
    • 84856239091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue-specific analysis of chromatin state identifies temporal signatures of enhancer activity during embryonic development
    • Bonn S., et al. Tissue-specific analysis of chromatin state identifies temporal signatures of enhancer activity during embryonic development. Nat. Genet. 2012, 44:148-156.
    • (2012) Nat. Genet. , vol.44 , pp. 148-156
    • Bonn, S.1
  • 45
    • 79951516056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unique chromatin signature uncovers early developmental enhancers in humans
    • Rada-Iglesias A., et al. A unique chromatin signature uncovers early developmental enhancers in humans. Nature 2011, 470:279-283.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.470 , pp. 279-283
    • Rada-Iglesias, A.1
  • 46
    • 77952908743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large fraction of extragenic RNA pol II transcription sites overlap enhancers
    • De Santa F., et al. A large fraction of extragenic RNA pol II transcription sites overlap enhancers. PLoS Biol. 2010, 8:e1000384.
    • (2010) PLoS Biol. , vol.8
    • De Santa, F.1
  • 47
    • 80052297694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of embryonic stem cell lineage commitment by core promoter factor, TAF3
    • Liu Z., et al. Control of embryonic stem cell lineage commitment by core promoter factor, TAF3. Cell 2011, 146:720-731.
    • (2011) Cell , vol.146 , pp. 720-731
    • Liu, Z.1
  • 48
    • 77956520011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional roles for noise in genetic circuits
    • Eldar A., Elowitz M.B. Functional roles for noise in genetic circuits. Nature 2010, 467:167-173.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.467 , pp. 167-173
    • Eldar, A.1    Elowitz, M.B.2
  • 49
    • 80455176944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feedback from rhodopsin controls rhodopsin exclusion in Drosophila photoreceptors
    • Vasiliauskas D., et al. Feedback from rhodopsin controls rhodopsin exclusion in Drosophila photoreceptors. Nature 2011, 479:108-112.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.479 , pp. 108-112
    • Vasiliauskas, D.1
  • 50
    • 79958279065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interlocked feedforward loops control cell-type-specific rhodopsin expression in the Drosophila eye
    • Johnston R.J., et al. Interlocked feedforward loops control cell-type-specific rhodopsin expression in the Drosophila eye. Cell 2011, 145:956-968.
    • (2011) Cell , vol.145 , pp. 956-968
    • Johnston, R.J.1
  • 51
    • 76749157251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binary fate decisions in differentiating neurons
    • Jukam D., Desplan C. Binary fate decisions in differentiating neurons. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2010, 20:6-13.
    • (2010) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.20 , pp. 6-13
    • Jukam, D.1    Desplan, C.2
  • 52
    • 33644856456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stochastic spineless expression creates the retinal mosaic for colour vision
    • Wernet M.F., et al. Stochastic spineless expression creates the retinal mosaic for colour vision. Nature 2006, 440:174-180.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.440 , pp. 174-180
    • Wernet, M.F.1
  • 53
    • 38049095768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stochastic patterning in the mouse pre-implantation embryo
    • Dietrich J.E., Hiiragi T. Stochastic patterning in the mouse pre-implantation embryo. Development 2007, 134:4219-4231.
    • (2007) Development , vol.134 , pp. 4219-4231
    • Dietrich, J.E.1    Hiiragi, T.2
  • 54
    • 39149122855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capturing pluripotency
    • Silva J., Smith A. Capturing pluripotency. Cell 2008, 132:532-536.
    • (2008) Cell , vol.132 , pp. 532-536
    • Silva, J.1    Smith, A.2
  • 55
    • 68049139696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulated fluctuations in nanog expression mediate cell fate decisions in embryonic stem cells
    • Kalmar T., et al. Regulated fluctuations in nanog expression mediate cell fate decisions in embryonic stem cells. PLoS Biol. 2009, 7:e1000149.
    • (2009) PLoS Biol. , vol.7
    • Kalmar, T.1
  • 56
    • 77955288571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanog variability and pluripotency regulation of embryonic stem cells--insights from a mathematical model analysis
    • Glauche I., et al. Nanog variability and pluripotency regulation of embryonic stem cells--insights from a mathematical model analysis. PLoS ONE 2010, 5:e11238.
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5
    • Glauche, I.1
  • 57
    • 80052007879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple enhancers ensure precision of gap gene-expression patterns in the Drosophila embryo
    • Perry M.W., et al. Multiple enhancers ensure precision of gap gene-expression patterns in the Drosophila embryo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2011, 108:13570-13575.
    • (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.108 , pp. 13570-13575
    • Perry, M.W.1
  • 58
    • 0037154273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploiting transcription factor binding site clustering to identify cis-regulatory modules involved in pattern formation in the Drosophila genome
    • Berman B.P., et al. Exploiting transcription factor binding site clustering to identify cis-regulatory modules involved in pattern formation in the Drosophila genome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2002, 99:757-762.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.99 , pp. 757-762
    • Berman, B.P.1
  • 59
    • 0037154218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide analysis of clustered Dorsal binding sites identifies putative target genes in the Drosophila embryo
    • Markstein M., et al. Genome-wide analysis of clustered Dorsal binding sites identifies putative target genes in the Drosophila embryo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2002, 99:763-768.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.99 , pp. 763-768
    • Markstein, M.1
  • 60
    • 79959557189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of nucleosome organization in primary human cells
    • Valouev A., et al. Determinants of nucleosome organization in primary human cells. Nature 2011, 474:516-520.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.474 , pp. 516-520
    • Valouev, A.1
  • 61
    • 67649524640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of active regulatory elements from eukaryotic chromatin using FAIRE (formaldehyde assisted isolation of regulatory elements)
    • Giresi P.G., Lieb J.D. Isolation of active regulatory elements from eukaryotic chromatin using FAIRE (formaldehyde assisted isolation of regulatory elements). Methods 2009, 48:233-239.
    • (2009) Methods , vol.48 , pp. 233-239
    • Giresi, P.G.1    Lieb, J.D.2
  • 62
    • 67849088695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting transcriptionally engaged RNA polymerase in eukaryotic cells with permanganate genomic footprinting
    • Gilmour D.S., Fan R. Detecting transcriptionally engaged RNA polymerase in eukaryotic cells with permanganate genomic footprinting. Methods 2009, 48:368-374.
    • (2009) Methods , vol.48 , pp. 368-374
    • Gilmour, D.S.1    Fan, R.2
  • 63
    • 74549132843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global analysis of short RNAs reveals widespread promoter-proximal stalling and arrest of Pol II in Drosophila
    • Nechaev S., et al. Global analysis of short RNAs reveals widespread promoter-proximal stalling and arrest of Pol II in Drosophila. Science 2010, 327:335-338.
    • (2010) Science , vol.327 , pp. 335-338
    • Nechaev, S.1
  • 64
    • 57849109058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nascent RNA sequencing reveals widespread pausing and divergent initiation at human promoters
    • Core L.J., et al. Nascent RNA sequencing reveals widespread pausing and divergent initiation at human promoters. Science 2008, 322:1845-1848.
    • (2008) Science , vol.322 , pp. 1845-1848
    • Core, L.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.