Stuttering and language ability in children: Questioning the connection

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 183-196

  Nippold, Marilyn A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

Author keywords

Children; Language ability; Stuttering

Indexed keywords

EID: 84863849724     PISSN: 10580360     EISSN: 15589110     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0078)     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Adams, M. R. (1990). The demands and capacities model I: Theoretical elaborations. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 15, 135-141.
2. Anderson, J. D. (2008). Age of acquisition and repetition priming effects on picture naming of children who do and do not stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 33, 135-155.
3. Anderson, J. D., & Conture, E. G. (2000). Language abilities of children who stutter: A preliminary study. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 25, 283-304.
4. Anderson, J. D., Pellowski, M. W., & Conture, E. G. (2005). Childhood stuttering and dissociations across linguistic domains. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 30, 219-253.
5. Anderson, J. D., Wagovich, S. A., & Hall, N. E. (2006). Nonword repetition skills in young children who do and do not stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 31(3), 177-199.
6. Arndt, J., & Healey, E. C. (2001). Concomitant disorders in school-age children who stutter. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 32, 68-78.
7. Bajaj, A. (2007). Analysis of oral narratives of children who stutter and their fluent peers: Kindergarten through second grade. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 21(3), 227-245.
8. Bernstein Ratner, N. (1997). Stuttering: A psycholinguistic perspective. In R. F. Curlee & G. M. Siegel (Eds.), Nature and treatment of stuttering: New directions (2nd ed., pp. 99-127). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
9. Bernstein Ratner, N., & Sih, C. C. (1987). Effects of gradual increases in sentence length and complexity on children's dysfluency. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 52, 278-287.
10. Berry, M. (1938). The developmental history of stuttering children. The Journal of Pediatrics, 12, 209-217.
11. Blood, G.W., Ridenour, V. J., Qualls, C. D., & Hammer, C. S. (2003). Co-occurring disorders in children who stutter. Journal of Communication Disorders, 36, 427-448.
12. Bloodstein, O. (1995). A handbook on stuttering (5th ed.). San Diego, CA: Singular.
13. Bloodstein, O. (2006). Some empirical observations about early stuttering: A possible link to language development. Journal of Communication Disorders, 39, 185-191.
14. Bomers, A., & Mugge, A. (1989). Reynell Taalontwikkelingstest: Nederlandse instructie [Reynell Language Development Test: Dutch manual]. Nijmegen, The Netherlands: Berkhout.
15. Byrd, K., & Cooper, E. B. (1989). Expressive and receptive language skills in stuttering children. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 14, 121-126.
16. Coulter, C. E., Anderson, J. D., & Conture, E. G. (2009). Childhood stuttering and dissociations across linguistic domains: A replication and extension. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 34, 257-278.
17. Dollaghan, C. A., Campbell, T. F., Paradise, J. L., Feldman, H. M., Janosky, J. E., Pitcairn, D. N., & Kurs-Lasky, M. (1999). Maternal education and measures of early speech and language. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42, 1432-1443.
18. Dunn, L. M. (1965). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Circle Pines, MN: AGS.
19. Dunn, L., & Dunn, L. (1981). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. Circle Pines, MN: AGS.
20. Dunn, L., & Dunn, L. (1997). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Third Edition. Circle Pines, MN: AGS.
21. Edwards, J., & Lahey, M. (1998). Nonword repetitions of children with specific language impairment: Exploration of some explanations for their inaccuracies. Applied Psycholinguistics, 19, 279-309.
22. Eisenberg, S. L., Fersko, T. M., & Lundgren, C. (2001). The use of MLU for identifying language impairment in preschool children: A review. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 10, 323-342.
23. Ellis Weismer, S., Tomblin, B., Zhang, X., Buckwalter, P., Chynoweth, J., & Jones, M. (2000). Nonword repetition performance in school-age children with and without language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 43, 865-878.
24. Fenson, L., Dale, P. S., Reznick, J. S., Thal, D., Bates, E., Hartung, J. P., Reilly, J. S. (1993). The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories: User's guide and technical manual. Baltimore, MD: Brookes.
25. Gardner, M. F. (1990). Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. Novato, CA: Academic Therapy Publications.
26. Gathercole, S., Willis, C., Baddeley, A., & Emslie, H. (1994). The Children's Test of Nonword Repetition: A test of phonological working memory. Memory, 2, 103-127.
27. Häge, A. (2001). Können kognitive und linguistische Fähigkeiten zur Verlaufsprognose kindlichen Stotterns beitragen? [Cognitive and linguistic abilities in young children: Are they able to predict the further development of stuttering?]. Sprache Stimme Gehör, 25, 20-24.
28. Hakim, H. B., & Bernstein Ratner, N. (2004). Nonword repetition abilities of children who stutter: An exploratory study. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 29, 179-199.
29. Hammill, D., & Newcomer, P. (1988). Test of Language Development-Intermediate:2. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
30. Hammill, D., & Newcomer, P. (1997). Test of Language Development-Primary:3. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
31. Hart, B., &Risley, T. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore, MD: Brookes.
32. Hoff, E. (2003). The specificity of environmental influence: Socioeconomic status affects early vocabulary development via maternal speech. Child Development, 74, 1368-1378.
33. Hoff, E., & Tian, C. (2005). Socioeconomic status and cultural influences on language. Journal of Communication Disorders, 38, 271-278.
34. Howell, P., Davis, S., & Au-Yeung, J. (2003). Syntactic development in fluent children, children who stutter, and children who have English as an additional language. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 19, 312-337.
35. Hresko, W. P., Reid, D. K., & Hammill, D. D. (1991). Test of Early Language Development, Second Edition. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
36. Hresko, W. P., Reid, D. K., & Hammill, D. D. (1999). Test of Early Language Development, Third Edition. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
37. Johnson, W. (1955). A study of the onset and development of stuttering. InW. Johnson & R. R. Leutenegger (Eds.), Stuttering in children and adults (pp. 37-73). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
38. Kadi-Hanifi, K., & Howell, P. (1992). Syntactic analysis of the spontaneous speech of normally fluent and stuttering children. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 17, 151-170.
39. Kaufman, A. S., & Kaufman, N. L. (1990). Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test. Circle Pines, MN: AGS.
40. Kloth, S., Janssen, P., Kraaimaat, F., & Brutten, G. J. (1998). Child and mother variables in the development of stuttering among high-risk children: A longitudinal study. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 23, 217-230.
41. Leadholm, B. J., & Miller, J. F. (1992). Language sample analysis: The Wisconsin guide. Madison, WI: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.
42. Leonard, L. B. (1998). Children with specific language impairment. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
43. Logan, K., & Conture, E. (1995). Length, grammatical complexity, and rate differences in stuttered and fluent conversational utterances of children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 20, 35-61.
44. Manschot, W., & Bonnema, J. (1974). Handleiding bij de experimentele Nederlandse normering van de Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test [Manual for the experimental Dutch standardization of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test of Lloyd M. Dunn]. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets en Zeitlinger.
45. Mayer, M. (1974). Frog goes to dinner. New York, NY: Dial Books for Young Readers.
46. McDowell, E. D. (1928). Educational and emotional adjustment of stuttering children. New York, NY: Columbia University Teachers College.
47. Melnick, K. S., & Conture, E. G. (2000). Relationship of length and grammatical complexity and nonsystematic speech errors and stuttering of children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 25, 21-45.
48. Miller, J. F., & Chapman, R. S. (1993). SALT: Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts [Computer software]. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Waisman Center, Language Analysis Laboratory.
49. Newcomer, P., & Hammill, D. (1982). Test of Language Development-Primary. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
50. Newcomer, P., & Hammill, D. (1988). Test of Language Development-Primary:2. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
51. Nippold, M. A. (1990). Concomitant speech and language disorders in stuttering children: A critique of the literature. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 55, 51-60.
52. Nippold, M. A. (2001). Phonological disorders and stuttering in children: What is the frequency of co-occurrence? Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 15(3), 219-228.
53. Nippold, M. A. (2002). Stuttering and phonology: Is there an interaction? American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 11, 99-110.
54. Nippold, M. A. (2004). Phonological and language disorders in children who stutter: Impact on treatment recommendations. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 18, 145-159.
55. Nippold, M. A. (2007). Later language development: School-age children, adolescents, and young adults (3rd ed.). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
56. Nippold, M. A. (2010). Language sampling with adolescents. San Diego, CA: Plural.
57. Nippold, M. A., & Schwarz, I. E. (1990). Reading disorders in stuttering children. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 15, 175-189.
58. Nippold, M. A., Schwarz, I. E., & Jescheniak, J. D. (1991). Narrative ability in school-age stuttering boys: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 16, 289-308.
59. Ntourou, K., Conture, E. G., & Lipsey, M. W. (2011). Language abilities of children who stutter: A meta-analytical review. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 20, 163-179.
60. Olander, L., Smith, A., & Zelaznik, H. N. (2010). Evidence that a motor timing deficit is a factor in the development of stuttering. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53, 876-886.
61. Owens, R. E. (2012). Language development: An introduction (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
62. Packman, A., Code, C., & Onslow, M. (2007). On the cause of stuttering: Integrating theory with brain and behavioral research. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 20, 353-362.
63. Reilly, S., Onslow, M., Packman, A., Wake, M., Bavin, E. L., Prior, M., Ukoumunne, O. C. (2009). Predicting stuttering onset by the age of 3 years: A prospective, community cohort study. Pediatrics, 123(1), 270-277.
64. Reynell, J. (1983). Reynell Developmental Language Scale manual (Rev. ed.). Windsor, U.K.: Nfer-Nelson.
65. Rice, M. L., Hoffman, L., & Wexler, K. (2009). Judgments of omitted BE and DO in questions as extended finiteness clinical markers of specific language impairment (SLI) to 15 years: A study of growth and asymptote. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 52, 1417-1433.
66. Rice, M. L., Redmond, S. M., & Hoffman, S. (2006). Mean length of utterance in children with specific language impairment and in younger control children shows concurrent validity and stable and parallel growth trajectories. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 49, 793-808.
67. Rice, M. L., Smolik, F., Perpich, D., Thompson, T., Rytting, N., & Blossom, M. (2010). Mean length of utterance levels in 6-month intervals for children 3 to 9 years with and without language impairments. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53, 333-349.
68. Riley, G. D. (1994). Stuttering Severity Instrument for Children and Adults-Third Edition. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
69. Rommel, D., Häge, A., Kalehne, P., & Johannsen, H. (2000). Development, maintenance, and recovery of childhood stuttering: Prospective longitudinal data 3 years after first contact. In K. L. Baker, L. Rustin, & F. Cook (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fifth Oxford Dysfluency Conference (pp. 168-182). Windsor, UK: Chappell Gardener.
70. Roth, F. P., & Spekman, N. J. (1986). Narrative discourse: Spontaneously generated stories of learning-disabled and normally achieving students. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 51, 8-23.
71. Ryan, B. P. (1992). Articulation, language, rate, and fluency characteristics of stuttering and nonstuttering children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 35, 333-342.
72. Schiavetti, N., & Metz, D. E. (2006). Evaluating research in communicative disorders (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.
73. Scott, L., Healey, E., & Norris, J. (1995). A comparison between children who stutter and their normally fluent peers on a story retelling task. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 20, 279-292.
74. Semel, E., Wiig, E. H., & Secord, W. (1987). Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Revised. New York, NY: Psychological Corporation/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
75. Silverman, S., & Bernstein Ratner, N. (2002). Measuring lexical diversity in children who stutter: Application of vocd. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 27, 289-304.
76. Silverman, E. M., & Williams, D. E. (1967). A comparison of stuttering and nonstuttering children in terms of five measures of oral language development. Journal of Communication Disorders, 1, 305-309.
77. Starkweather, C. W., & Gottwald, S. R. (1990). The demands and capacities model II: Clinical applications. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 15, 143-157.
78. Tetnowski, J. A., Richels, C., Shenker, R., Sisskin, V., & Wolk, L. (2012, February 14). When the diagnosis is dual. The ASHA Leader, 17(2), pp. 10-13.
79. Tomblin, J. B., Records, N. L., Buckwalter, P., Zhang, X., Smith, E., & O'Brien, M. (1997). Prevalence of specific language impairment in kindergarten children. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40, 1245-1260.
80. Turnbull, K. P., & Justice, L. M. (2012). Language development from theory to practice (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
81. Watkins, K. E., Smith, S. M., Davis, S., & Howell, P. (2008). Structural and functional abnormalities of the motor system in developmental stuttering. Brain, 131, 50-59.
82. Watkins, R. V. (2005). Language abilities of young children who stutter. In E. Yairi & N. G. Ambrose (Eds.), Early childhood stuttering: For clinicians by clinicians (pp. 235-251). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
83. Watkins, R. V., & Johnson, B. W. (2004). Language abilities in children who stutter: Toward improved research and clinical applications. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 35, 82-89.
84. Watkins, R. V., & Yairi, E. (1997). Language production abilities of children whose stuttering persisted or recovered. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40, 385-399.
85. Watkins, R. V., Yairi, E., & Ambrose, N. G. (1999). Early childhood stuttering III: Initial status of expressive language abilities. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42, 1125-1135.
86. Weiss, A. L., & Zebrowski, P. (1992). Disfluencies in the conversations of young children who stutter: Some answers about questions. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 35, 1230-1238.
87. Weiss, A. L., & Zebrowski, P. (1994). The narrative productions of children who stutter: A preliminary view. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 19, 39-63.
88. Westby, C. E. (1974). Language performance of stuttering and nonstuttering children. Journal of Communication Disorders, 12, 133-145.
89. Westby, C. E. (1984). Development of narrative language abilities. In G. P. Wallach & K. G. Butler (Eds.), Language learning disabilities in school-age children (pp. 103-127). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
90. Williams, K. T. (1997). Expressive Vocabulary Test. Circle Pines, MN: AGS.
91. Yairi, E. (1999). Epidemiologic factors and stuttering research. In N. B. Ratner & E. C. Healey (Eds.), Stuttering research and practice: Bridging the gap (pp. 45-53). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
92. Yairi, E. (2004). The formative years of stuttering: A changing portrait. Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders, 31, 92-104.
93. Yairi, E., Ambrose, N. G., Paden, E. P., & Throneburg, R. N. (1996). Predictive factors of persistence and recovery: Pathways of childhood stuttering. Journal of Communication Disorders, 29, 51-77.
94. Yairi, E., & Seery, C. H. (2011). Stuttering: Foundations and clinical applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
95. Yaruss, J. S., LaSalle, L. R., & Conture, E. G. (1998). Evaluating stuttering in young children: Diagnostic data. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 7(4), 62-76.
96. Zimmerman, I., Steiner, V., & Pond, R. (1979). Preschool Language Scale. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
97. Zimmerman, I., Steiner, V., & Pond, R. (1992). Preschool Language Scale-Third Edition. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.