Lateral interactions in the outer retina

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

Volumn 31, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 407-441

  Thoreson, Wallace B ^a,b   Mangel, Stuart C ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Ambient illumination; Bipolar cell; Cone photoreceptor; Feed forward signaling; Feedback inhibition; Horizontal cell; Lateral inhibition; Receptive field surround; Rod photoreceptor

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID;

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RELEASE; CALCIUM CURRENT; ILLUMINATION; LIGHT ADAPTATION; MEMBRANE DEPOLARIZATION; MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; NONHUMAN; PHOTORECEPTOR CELL; PHOTORECEPTOR OUTER SEGMENT; POSITIVE FEEDBACK; PRESYNAPTIC MEMBRANE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA BIPOLAR GANGLION CELL; RETINA CONE; RETINA DEVELOPMENT; RETINA HORIZONTAL NERVE CELL; RETINA INNER PLEXIFORM LAYER; RETINA RECEPTIVE FIELD; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYNAPSE VESICLE; VISION;

ADAPTATION, OCULAR; ANIMALS; CELL COMMUNICATION; FEEDBACK, PHYSIOLOGICAL; HUMANS; ION CHANNELS; PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS; RETINA; VISUAL PATHWAYS; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 84863813581     PISSN: 13509462     EISSN: 18731635     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.04.003     Document Type: Review

References (438)

1. Agardh E., Bruun A., Ehinger B., Storm-Mathisen J. GABA immunoreactivity in the retina. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1986, 27:674-678.
2. Agardh E., Ehinger B., Wu J.Y. GABA and GAD-like immunoreactivity in the primate retina. Histochemistry 1987, 86:485-490.
3. Ammermüller J., Muller J.F., Kolb H. The organization of the turtle inner retina. II. Analysis of color-coded and directionally selective cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 1995, 358:35-62.
4. Arvanitaki A. Effects evoked in an axon by activity of a contiguous one. J. Neurophysiol. 1942, 5:89-108.
5. Asi H., Perlman I. Neural interactions between cone photoreceptors and horizontal cells in the turtle (Mauremys caspica) retina. Vis. Neurosci. 1998, 15:1-13.
6. Atick J.J., Redlich A.N. Towards a theory of early visual processing. Neural Comput. 1990, 2:308-320.
7. Atick J.J., Redlich A.N. What does the retina know about natural scenes?. Neural Comput. 1992, 4:196-210.
8. Attwell D., Werblin F.S., Wilson M., Wu S.M. A sign-reversing pathway from rods to double and single cones in the retina of the tiger salamander. J. Physiol. 1983, 336:313-333.
9. Attwell D., Wilson M., Wu S.M. A quantitative analysis of interactions between photoreceptors in the salamander (Ambystoma) retina. J. Physiol. 1984, 352:703-737.
10. Awatramani G.B., Slaughter M.M. Origin of transient and sustained responses in ganglion cells of the retina. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:7087-7095.
11. Ayoub G.S., Lam D.M. The release of gamma-aminobutyric acid from horizontal cells of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) retina. J. Physiol. 1984, 355:191-214.
12. Ayoub G.S., Lam D.M. The content and release of endogenous GABA in isolated horizontal cells of the goldfish retina. Vision Res. 1985, 25:1187-1193.
13. Babai N., Thoreson W.B. Horizontal cell feedback regulates calcium currents and intracellular calcium levels in rod photoreceptors of salamander and mouse retina. J. Physiol. 2009, 587:2353-2364.
14. Barlow H.B. Summation and inhibition in the frog's retina. J. Physiol. 1953, 119:69-88.
15. Barlow H.B. Possible principles underlying the transformation of sensory messages. Sensory Communication 1961, 217-234. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. W.A. Rosenblith (Ed.).
16. Barlow H.B. Unsupervised learning. Neural Comput. 1989, 1:295-311.
17. Barlow H.B., Levick W.R. Changes in the maintained discharge with adaptation level in the cat retina. J. Physiol. 1969, 202:699-718.
18. Barlow H.B., Levick W.R. Threshold setting by the surround of cat retinal ganglion cells. J. Physiol. 1976, 259:737-757.
19. Barlow H.B., FitzHugh R., Kuffler S.W. Change of organization in the receptive fields of the cat's retina during dark adaptation. J. Physiol. 1957, 137:338-354.
20. Barnes S. Center-surround antagonism mediated by proton signaling at the cone photoreceptor synapse. J. Gen. Physiol. 2003, 122:653-656.
21. Barnes S., Bui Q. Modulation of calcium-activated chloride current via pH-induced changes of calcium channel properties in cone photoreceptors. J. Neurosci. 1991, 11:4015-4023.
22. Barnes S., Deschênes M.C. Contribution of Ca and Ca-activated Cl channels to regenerative depolarization and membrane bistability of cone photoreceptors. J. Neurophysiol. 1992, 68:745-755.
23. Barnes S., Merchant V., Mahmud F. Modulation of transmission gain by protons at the photoreceptor output synapse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1993, 90:10081-10085.
24. Barr R.C., Plonsey R. Electrophysiological interaction through interstitial space between adjacent unmyelinated parallel fibers. Biophys. J. 1992, 61:1164-1175.
25. Baylor D.A., Fuortes M.G., O'Bryan P.M. Receptive fields of cones in the retina of the turtle. J. Physiol. 1971, 214:265-294.
26. Bennis M., Versaux-Botteri C., Repérant J., Armengol J.A., Ward R. Gamma-aminobutyric acid-synthesizing cells in the retina of the chameleon Chamaeleo chameleon. J. Neurosci. Res. 2003, 73:410-415.
27. Bevans C.G., Harris A.L. Regulation of connexin channels by pH. Direct action of the protonated form of taurine and other aminosulfonates. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274:3711-3719.
28. Billups D., Attwell D. Control of intracellular chloride concentration and GABA response polarity in rat retinal ON bipolar cells. J. Physiol. 2002, 545:183-198.
29. Blaesse P., Airaksinen M.S., Rivera C., Kaila K. Cation-chloride cotransporters and neuronal function. Neuron 2009, 61:820-838.
30. Blom J.J., Blute T.A., Eldred W.D. Functional localization of the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway in the salamander retina. Vis. Neurosci. 2009, 26:275-286.
31. Bloomfield S.A., Xin D. Surround inhibition of mammalian AII amacrine cells is generated in the proximal retina. J. Physiol. 2000, 523:771-783.
32. Borgula G.A., Karwoski C.J., Steinberg R.H. Light-evoked changes in extracellular pH in frog retina. Vision Res. 1989, 29:1069-1077.
33. Bowe-Anders C., Miller R.F., Dacheux R.F. Developmental characteristics of receptive organization in the isolated retina eyecup of the rabbit. Brain Res. 1975, 87:61-65.
34. Brandon C. Retinal GABA neurons: localization in vertebrate species using an antiserum to rabbit brain glutamate decarboxylase. Brain Res. 1985, 344:286-295.
35. Brockway L.M., Zhou Z.H., Bubien J.K., Jovov B., Benos D.J., Keyser K.T. Rabbit retinal neurons and glia express a variety of ENaC/DEG subunits. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2002, 283:C126-C134.
36. Brown J.E., Pinto L.H. Ionic mechanism for the photoreceptor potential of the retina of Bufo marinus. J. Physiol. 1974, 236:575-591.
37. Burkhardt D.A. Responses and receptive-field organization of cones in perch retinas. J. Neurophysiol. 1977, 40:53-62.
38. Burkhardt D.A. Synaptic feedback, depolarization, and color opponency in cone photoreceptors. Vis. Neurosci. 1993, 10:981-989.
39. Burkhardt D.A. The influence of center-surround antagonism on light adaptation in cones in the retina of the turtle. Vis. Neurosci. 1995, 12:877-885.
40. Burkhardt D.A. Light adaptation and contrast in the outer retina. Prog. Brain Res. 2001, 131:407-418.
41. Burkhardt D.A. Contrast processing by ON and OFF bipolar cells. Vis. Neurosci. 2011, 28:69-75.
42. Burkhardt D.A., Hassin G. Influences of cones upon chromatic- and luminosity-type horizontal cells in pikeperch retinas. J. Physiol. 1978, 281:125-137.
43. Burkhardt D.A., Gottesman J., Thoreson W.B. Prolonged depolarization in turtle cones evoked by current injection and stimulation of the receptive field surround. J. Physiol. 1988, 407:329-348.
44. Burkhardt D.A., Zhang S.Q., Gottesman J. Prolonged depolarization in rods in situ. Vis. Neurosci. 1991, 6:607-614.
45. Burkhardt D.A., Fahey P.K., Sikora M.A. Natural images and contrast encoding in bipolar cells in the retina of the land- and aquatic-phase tiger salamander. Vis. Neurosci. 2006, 23:35-47.
46. Burkhardt D.A., Fahey P.K., Sikora M.A. Retinal bipolar cells: temporal filtering of signals from cone photoreceptors. Vis. Neurosci. 2007, 24:765-774.
47. Burkhardt D.A., Bartoletti T.M., Thoreson W.B. Center/surround organization of retinal bipolar cells: high correlation of fundamental responses of center and surround to sinusoidal contrasts. Vis. Neurosci. 2011, 28:183-192.
48. Byzov A.L. Model for the feedback mechanism between horizontal cells and photoreceptors of vertebrate retinas. Neirofiziologiia 1977, 9:86-94.
49. Byzov A.L. Origin of non-linearity of voltage-current relationships of turtle cones. Vision Res. 1979, 19:469-477.
50. Byzov A.L., Cervetto L. Effects of applied currents on turtle cones in darkness and during the photoresponse. J. Physiol. 1977, 265:85-102.
51. Byzov A.L., Shura-Bura T.M. Electrical feedback mechanism in the processing of signals in the outer plexiform layer of the retina. Vision Res. 1986, 26:33-44.
52. Cadetti L., Thoreson W.B. Feedback effects of horizontal cell membrane potential on cone calcium currents studied with simultaneous recordings. J. Neurophysiol. 2006, 95:1992-1995.
53. Caldwell J.H., Daw N.W. Effects of picrotoxin and strychnine on rabbit retinal ganglion cells: changes in centre surround receptive fields. J. Physiol. 1978, 276:299-310.
54. Cao L., Eldred W.D. Subcellular localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in turtle retina: electron immunocytochemistry. Vis. Neurosci. 2001, 18:949-960.
55. Cervetto L., MacNichol E.F. Inactivation of horizontal cells in turtle retina by glutamate and aspartate. Science 1972, 178:767-768.
56. Cervetto L., Piccolino M. Processing of visual signals in vertebrate photoreceptors. Arch. Ital. Biol. 1982, 120:242-270.
57. Chan L.H., Freeman A.W., Cleland B.G. The rod-cone shift and its effect on ganglion cells in the cat's retina. Vision Res. 1992, 32:2209-2219.
58. Chandrashekar J., Yarmolinsky D., von Buchholtz L., Oka Y., Sly W., Ryba N.J., Zuker C.S. The taste of carbonation. Science 2009, 326:443-445.
59. 2+ channels. J. Gen. Physiol. 1996, 108:363-374.
60. Cheng N., Tsunenari T., Yau K.-W. Intrinsic light response of retinal horizontal cells of teleosts. Nature 2009, 460:899-903.
61. Chun M.H., Wassle H. GABA-like immunoreactivity in the cat retina: electron microscopy. J. Comp. Neurol. 1989, 279:55-67.
62. Cleland B.G., Enroth-Cugell C. Quantitative aspects of gain and latency in the cat retina. J. Physiol. 1970, 206:73-91.
63. Connaughton V.P., Behar T.N., Liu W.L., Massey S.C. Immunocytochemical localization of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the zebrafish retina. Vis. Neurosci. 1999, 16:483-490.
64. Conway B.R. Color vision, cones, and color-coding in the cortex. Neuroscientist 2009, 15:274-290.
65. Cook P.B., McReynolds J.S. Lateral inhibition in the inner retina is important for spatial tuning of ganglion cells. Nat. Neurosci. 1998, 1:714-719.
66. Copenhagen D.R. Excitation in the retina: the flow, filtering, and molecules of visual signaling in the glutamatergic pathways from photoreceptors to ganglion cells. The Visual Neurosciences 2004, 320-333. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. L.M. Chalupa, J.S. Werner (Eds.).
67. Copenhagen D.R., Owen W.G. Functional characteristics of lateral interactions between rods in the retina of the snapping turtle. J. Physiol. 1976, 259:251-282.
68. Crook J.D., Davenport C.M., Peterson B.B., Packer O.S., Detwiler P.B., Dacey D.M. Parallel ON and OFF cone bipolar inputs establish spatially coextensive receptive field structure of blue-yellow ganglion cells in primate retina. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:8372-8387.
69. Crook J.D., Manookin M.B., Packer O.S., Dacey D.M. Horizontal cell feedback without cone type-selective inhibition mediates " red-green" color opponency in midget ganglion cells of the primate retina. J. Neurosci. 2011, 31:1762-1772.
70. Cueva J.G., Haverkamp S., Reimer R.J., Edwards R., Wassle H., Brecha N.C. Vesicular gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter expression in amacrine and horizontal cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 2002, 445:227-237.
71. Cunningham J.R., Neal M.J. Effect of excitatory amino acids on gamma-aminobutyric acid release from frog horizontal cells. J. Physiol. 1985, 362:51-67.
72. Dacey D., Packer O.S., Diller L., Brainard D., Peterson B., Lee B. Center surround receptive field structure of cone bipolar cells in primate retina. Vision Res. 2000, 40:1801-1811.
73. Dacheux R.F., Miller R.F. An intracellular electrophysiological study of the ontogeny of functional synapses in the rabbit retina. I. Receptors, horizontal, and bipolar cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 1981, 198:307-326.
74. Dan Y., Atick J.J., Reid R.C. Efficient coding of natural scenes in the lateral geniculate nucleus: experimental test of a computational theory. J. Neurosci. 1996, 6:3351-3362.
75. Daniels J.D., Pettigrew J.D., Norman J.L. Development of single-neuron responses in kitten's lateral geniculate nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 1978, 41:1373-1393.
76. Davenport C.M., Detwiler P.B., Dacey D.M. Effects of pH buffering on horizontal and ganglion cell light responses in primate retina: evidence for the proton hypothesis of surround formation. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:456-464.
77. Davies W.I.L., Zheng L., Hughes S., Tamai T.K., Turton M., Halford S., Foster R.G., Whitmore D., Hankins M.W. Functional diversity of melanopsins and their global expression in the teleost retina. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2011, 68:4115-4132.
78. Daw N.W. Colour-coded ganglion cells in the goldfish retina: extension of their receptive fields by means of new stimuli. J. Physiol. 1968, 197:567-592.
79. Deans M.R., Paul D.L. Mouse horizontal cells do not express connexin26 or connexin36. Cell Commun. Adhes. 2001, 8:361-366.
80. Deng P., Cuenca N., Doerr T., Pow D.V., Miller R., Kolb H. Localization of neurotransmitters and calcium binding proteins to neurons of salamander and mudpuppy retinas. Vision Res. 2001, 41:1771-1783.
81. Deniz S., Wersinger E., Schwab Y., Mura C., Erdelyi F., Szabó G., Rendon A., Sahel J.A., Picaud S., Roux M. Mammalian retinal horizontal cells are unconventional GABAergic neurons. J. Neurochem. 2011, 116:350-362.
82. 2+ current in mammalian cone photoreceptors. Neuron 2001, 32:1107-1117.
83. DeVries S.H., Li W., Saszik S. Parallel processing in two transmitter microenvironments at the cone photoreceptor synapse. Neuron 2006, 50:735-748.
84. Dixon D.B., Takahashi K., Copenhagen D.R. L-glutamate suppresses HVA calcium current in catfish horizontal cells by raising intracellular proton concentration. Neuron 1993, 11:267-277.
85. Djamgoz M.B., Kolb H. Ultrastructural and functional connectivity of intracellularly stained neurones in the vertebrate retina: correlative analyses. Microsc. Res. Tech. 1993, 24:43-66.
86. Djamgoz M.B., Ruddock K.H. Effects of picrotoxin and strychnine on fish retinal S-potentials: evidence for inhibitory control of depolarizing responses. Neurosci. Lett. 1979, 12:329-334.
87. Djamgoz M.B., Downing J.E., Kirsch M., Prince D.J., Wagner H.J. Plasticity of cone horizontal cell functioning in cyprinid fish retina: effects of background illumination of moderate intensity. J. Neurocytol. 1988, 17:701-710.
88. Dkhissi O., Julien J.F., Wasowicz M., Dalil-Thiney N., Nguyen-Legros J., Versaux-Botteri C. Differential expression of GAD(65) and GAD(67) during the development of the rat retina. Brain Res. 2001, 919:242-249.
89. Dmitriev A.V., Mangel S.C. A circadian clock regulates the pH of the fish retina. J. Physiol. 2000, 522:77-82.
90. Dmitriev A.V., Mangel S.C. Circadian clock regulation of pH in the rabbit retina. J. Physiol. 2001, 21:2897-2902.
91. Dmitriev A.V., Mangel S.C. Retinal pH reflects retinal energy metabolism in the day and night. J. Neurophysiol. 2004, 91:2404-2412.
92. Dmitriev A.V., Mangel S.C. Electrical feedback in the cone pedicle: a computational analysis. J. Neurophysiol. 2006, 95:1419-1427.
93. Dong D.W., Atick J.J. Temporal decorrelation: a theory of lagged and nonlagged responses in the lateral geniculate nucleus. Network: Comput. Neural Syst. 1995, 6:159-178.
94. Donner K. Receptive fields of frog retinal ganglion cells: response formation and light-dark adaptation. J. Physiol. 1981, 319:131-142.
95. Donner K., Gronholm M.L. Center and surround excitation in the receptive fields of frog retinal ganglion cells. Vision Res. 1984, 24:1807-1819.
96. Dowling J.E. Synaptic organization of the frog retina: an electron microscopic analysis comparing the retinas of frogs and primates. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 1968, 170:205-228.
97. Dowling J.E. Organization of vertebrate retinas. Invest. Ophthalmol. 1970, 9:655-680.
98. Dowling J.E. The Retina: An Approachable Part of the Brain 2012, Belknap Press, Cambridge, MA, Revised Edition.
99. Dowling J.E., Boycott B.B. Organization of the primate retina: electron microscopy. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 1966, 166:80-111.
100. Dowling J.E., Ripps H. S-Potentials in the skate retina. J. Gen. Physiol. 1971, 58:163-184.
101. Dowling J.E., Werblin F.S. Organization of the retina of the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus. I. Synaptic structure. J. Neurophysiol. 1969, 32:315-338.
102. Dowling J.E., Brown J.E., Major D. Synapses of horizontal cells in rabbit and cat retinas. Science 1966, 153:1639-1641.
103. C receptors on bullfrog retinal bipolar cells. J. Neurophysiol. 2000, 84:666-676.
104. Duebel J., Haverkamp S., Kuner T., Euler T. Two-photon imaging reveals somatodendritic chloride gradient in retinal ON-type bipolar cells expressing the biosensor clomeleon. Neuron 2006, 49:81-94.
105. Enroth-Cugell C., Lennie P. The control of retinal ganglion cell discharge by receptive field surrounds. J. Physiol. 1975, 247:551-578.
106. Enroth-Cugell C., Robson J.G. The contrast sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells of the cat. J. Physiol. 1966, 187:517-552.
107. Enroth-Cugell C., Lennie P., Shapley R.M. Surround contribution to light adaptation in cat retinal ganglion cells. J. Physiol. 1975, 247:579-588.
108. Enroth-Cugell C., Robson J.G., Schweitzer-Tong D.E., Watson A.B. Spatiotemporal interactions in cat retinal ganglion cells showing linear spatial summation. J. Physiol. 1983, 341:279-307.
109. Ettaiche M., Deval E., Cougnon M., Lazdunski M., Voilley N. Silencing acid-sensing ion channel 1a alters cone-mediated retinal function. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:5800-5809.
110. Fahey P.K., Burkhardt D.A. Effects of light adaptation on contrast processing in bipolar cells in the retina. Vis. Neurosci. 2001, 18:581-597.
111. Fahey P.K., Burkhardt D.A. Center-surround organization in bipolar cells: symmetry for opposing contrasts. Vis. Neurosci. 2003, 20:1-10.
112. Fahrenfort I., Sjoerdsma T., Ripps H., Kamermans M. Cobalt ions inhibit negative feedback in the outer retina by blocking hemichannels on horizontal cells. Vis. Neurosci. 2004, 21:501-511.
113. Fahrenfort I., Klooster J., Sjoerdsma T., Kamermans M. The involvement of glutamate-gated channels in negative feedback from horizontal cells to cones. Prog. Brain Res. 2005, 147:219-229.
114. Fahrenfort I., Steijaert M., Sjoerdsma T., Vickers E., Ripps H., Van Asselt J., Endeman D., Klooster J., Numan R., Ten Eikelder H., von Gersdorff H., Kamermans M. Hemichannel-mediated and pH-based feedback from horizontal cells to cones in the vertebrate retina. PLoS One 2009, 4:e6090.
115. Fain G.L. Interactions of rod and cone signals in the mudpuppy retina. J. Physiol. 1975, 252:735-769.
116. Field G.D., Sher A., Gauthier J.L., Greschner M., Shlens J., Litke A.M., Chichilnisky E.J. Spatial properties and functional organization of small bistratified ganglion cells in primate retina. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:13261-13272.
117. Fisher S.K., Boycott B.B. Synaptic connections made by horizontal cells within the outer plexiform layer of the retina of the cat and the rabbit. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 1974, 186:317-331.
118. Fletcher E.L., Kalloniatis M. Localisation of amino acid neurotransmitters during postnatal development of the rat retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 1997, 380:449-471.
119. Flores-Herr N., Protti D.A., Wassle H. Synaptic currents generating the inhibitory surround of ganglion cells in the mammalian retina. J. Neurosci. 2001, 21:4852-4863.
120. Frishman L.J., Linsenmeier R.A. Effects of picrotoxin and strychnine on non-linear responses of Y-type cat retinal ganglion cells. J. Physiol. 1982, 324:347-363.
121. Frishman L.J., Freeman A.W., Troy J.B., Schweitzer-Tong D., Enroth-Cugell C. Spatiotemporal frequency responses of cat retinal ganglion cells. J. Gen. Physiol. 1987, 89:599-628.
122. Fuortes M.G., Simon E.J. Interactions leading to horizontal cell responses in the turtle retina. J. Physiol. 1974, 240:177-198.
123. Fuortes M.G., Schwartz E.A., Simon E.J. Colour-dependence of cone responses in the turtle retina. J. Physiol. 1973, 234:199-216.
124. Gamba G. Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of electroneutral cation-chloride cotransporters. Physiol. Rev. 2005, 85:423-493.
125. Gerschenfeld H.M., Piccolino M. Sustained feedback effects of L-horizontal cells on turtle cones. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 1980, 206:465-480.
126. Gerschenfeld H.M., Piccolino M., Neyton J. Feed-back modulation of cone synapses by L-horizontal cells of turtle retina. J. Exp. Biol. 1980, 89:177-192.
127. González D., Gómez-Hernández J.M., Barrio L.C. Species specificity of mammalian connexin-26 to form open voltage-gated hemichannels. FASEB J. 2006, 20:2329-2338.
128. Gottesman J., Burkhardt D.A. Response properties of C-type horizontal cells in the retina of the bowfin. Vision Res. 1987, 27:179-189.
129. Gray E.G., Pease H.L. On understanding the organisation of the retinal receptor synapses. Brain Res. 1971, 35:1-15.
130. A receptors in the rabbit retina. Cell Tissue Res. 1994, 276:295-307.
131. A receptor subunits have differential distributions in the rat retina: in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. J. Comp. Neurol. 1995, 353:553-571.
132. Guo C., Stella S.L., Hirano A.A., Brecha N.C. Plasmalemmal and vesicular gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter expression in the developing mouse retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2009, 512:6-26.
133. Guo C., Hirano A.A., Stella S.L., Bitzer M., Brecha N.C. Guinea pig horizontal cells express GABA, the GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD 65, and the GABA vesicular transporter. J. Comp. Neurol. 2010, 518:1647-1669.
134. Haberecht M.F., Schmidt H.H., Mills S.L., Massey S.C., Nakane M., Redburn-Johnson D.A. Localization of nitric oxide synthase, NADPH diaphorase and soluble guanylyl cyclase in adult rabbit retina. Vis. Neurosci. 1998, 15:881-890.
135. Hamasaki D.I., Flynn J.T. Physiological properties of retinal ganglion cells of 3-week old kittens. Vision Res. 1977, 17:275-284.
136. Hammond P. Receptive field mechanisms of sustained and transient retinal ganglion cells in the cat. Exp. Brain Res. 1975, 23:113-128.
137. Hanani M., Vallerga S. Rod and cone signals in the horizontal cells of the tiger salamander retina. J. Physiol. 1980, 298:397-405.
138. Hanitzsch R., Kuppers L. The influence of HEPES on light responses of rabbit horizontal cells. Vision Res. 2001, 41:2165-2172.
139. Hare W.A., Owen W.G. Spatial organization of the bipolar cell's receptive field in the retina of the tiger salamander. J. Physiol. 1990, 421:223-245.
140. Hare W.A., Owen W.G. Effects of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid on cells in the distal layers of the tiger salamander's retina. J. Physiol. 1992, 445:741-757.
141. Hare W.A., Owen W.G. Receptive field of the retinal bipolar cell: a pharmacological study in the tiger salamander. J. Neurophysiol. 1996, 76:2005-2019.
142. Hare W.A., Owen W.G. Effects of bicarbonate versus HEPES buffering on measured properties of neurons in the salamander retina. Vis. Neurosci. 1998, 15:263-271.
143. Harsanyi K., Mangel S.C. Modulation of cone to horizontal cell transmission by calcium and pH in the fish retina. Vis. Neurosci. 1993, 10:81-91.
144. Hartline H.K., Ratliff F. Inhibitory interaction of receptor units in the eye of Limulus. J. Gen. Physiol. 1957, 40:357-376.
145. Hartline H.K., Wagner H.G., Ratliff F. Inhibition in the eye of Limulus. J. Gen. Physiol. 1956, 39:651-673.
146. Haugh-Scheidt L., Ripps H. pH regulation in horizontal cells of the skate retina. Exp. Eye Res. 1998, 66:449-463.
147. Haverkamp S., Grünert U., Wässle H. The cone pedicle, a complex synapse in the retina. Neuron 2000, 27:85-95.
148. Hering E. Zur Lehre vom Lichtsinne 1878, Carl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna.
149. Hille B. Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes 2001, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA. third ed.
150. Hirano A.A., Brandstätter J.H., Brecha N.C. Cellular distribution and subcellular localization of molecular components of vesicular transmitter release in horizontal cells of rabbit retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2005, 488:70-81.
151. Hirano A.A., Brandstätter J.H., Vila A., Brecha N.C. Robust syntaxin-4 immunoreactivity in mammalian horizontal cell processes. Vis. Neurosci. 2007, 24:489-502.
152. Hirano A.A., Brandstätter J.H., Morgans C.W., Brecha N.C. SNAP25 expression in mammalian retinal horizontal cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 2011, 519:972-988.
153. 2+ channels. J. Gen. Physiol. 2003, 122:657-671.
154. Hoang Q.V., Qian H., Ripps H. Functional analysis of hemichannels and gap-junctional channels formed by connexins 43 and 46. Mol. Vis. 2010, 16:1343-1352.
155. Hubel D.H., Wiesel T.N. Receptive fields of optic nerve fibers in the spider monkey. J. Physiol. 1960, 154:572-580.
156. Huberman A.D., Feller M.B., Chapman B. Mechanisms underlying development of visual maps and receptive fields. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 2008, 31:479-509.
157. A receptors in the retina of the cat: an immunocytochemical study of wholemounts, sections, and dissociated cells. Vis. Neurosci. 1991, 6:229-238.
158. Hurlbert A., Wolf K. Color contrast: a contributory mechanism to color constancy. Prog. Brain Res. 2004, 144:147-160.
159. Hurvich L.M., Jameson D. An opponent-process theory of color vision. Psychol. Rev. 1957, 64:384-404.
160. Ichinose T., Lukasiewicz P.D. Inner and outer retinal pathways both contribute to surround inhibition of salamander ganglion cells. J. Physiol. 2005, 565:517-535.
161. Ikeda H., Sheardown M.J. Transmitters mediating inhibition of ganglion cells in the cat retina: iontophoretic studies in vivo. Neuroscience 1983, 8:837-853.
162. Ikeda H., Wright M.J. The outer disinhibitory surround of the retinal ganglion cell receptive field. J. Physiol. 1972, 226:511-544.
163. Jackman S.L., Babai N., Chambers J.J., Thoreson W.B., Kramer R.H. A positive feedback synapse from retinal horizontal cells to cone photoreceptors. PLoS Biol. 2011, 9:e1001057.
164. Jacoby J., Kreitzer M.A., Alford S., Qian H., Tchernookova B.K., Naylor E.R., Malchow R.P. Extracellular pH dynamics of retinal horizontal cells examined using electrochemical and fluorometric methods. J. Neurophysiol. 2012, 107:868-879.
165. Janssen-Bienhold U., Schultz K., Gellhaus A., Schmid P., Ammermüller J., Weiler R. Identification and localization of connexin26 within the photoreceptor-horizontal cell synaptic complex. Vis. Neurosci. 2001, 18:169-178.
166. Jefferys J.G. Nonsynaptic modulation of neuronal activity in the brain: electric currents and extracellular ions. Physiol. Rev. 1995, 75:689-723.
167. Jellali A., Stussi-Garaud C., Gasnier B., Rendon A., Sahel J.A., Dreyfus H., Picaud S. Cellular localization of the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter in the mouse and human retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2002, 449:76-87.
168. Jenkins A., Munoz M., Tarttelin E.E., Bellingham J., Foster R.G., Hankins M.W. TA opsin, melanopsin, and an inherent light response within retinal interneuron's. Curr. Biol. 2003, 13:1269-1278.
169. Jensen R.J. Involvement of glycinergic neurons in the diminished activity of ganglion cells in the dark-adapted rabbit retina. Vis. Neurosci. 1991, 6:43-53.
170. Johnson M.A., Vardi N. Regional differences in GABA and GAD immunoreactivity in rabbit horizontal cells. Vis. Neurosci. 1998, 15:743-753.
171. Johnson J., Tian N., Caywood M.S., Reimer R.J., Edwards R.H., Copenhagen D.R. Vesicular neurotransmitter transporter expression in developing postnatal rodent retina: GABA and glycine precede glutamate. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:518-529.
172. Jonz M.G., Barnes S. Proton modulation of ion channels in isolated horizontal cells of the goldfish retina. J. Physiol. 2007, 581:529-541.
173. Jouhou H., Yamamoto K., Homma A., Hara M., Kaneko A., Yamada M. Depolarization of isolated horizontal cells of fish acidifies their immediate surrounding by activating V-ATPase. J. Physiol. 2007, 585:401-412.
174. Kalamkarov G., Pogozheva I., Shevchenko T., Koskelainen A., Hemila S., Donner K. pH changes in frog rods upon manipulation of putative pH-regulating transport mechanisms. Vision Res. 1996, 36:3029-3036.
175. Kalloniatis M., Fletcher E.L. Immunocytochemical localization of the amino acid neurotransmitters in the chicken retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 1993, 336:174-193.
176. Kalloniatis M., Marc R.E., Murry R.F. Amino acid signatures in the primate retina. J. Neurosci. 1996, 16:6807-6829.
177. Kamermans M., Fahrenfort I. Ephaptic interactions within a chemical synapse: hemichannel-mediated ephaptic inhibition in the retina. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2004, 14:531-541.
178. Kamermans M., Kraaij D., Spekreijse H. The dynamic characteristics of the feedback signal from horizontal cells to cones in the goldfish retina. J. Physiol. 2001, 534:489-500.
179. Kamermans M., Fahrenfort I., Schultz K., Janssen-Bienhold U., Sjoerdsma T., Weiler R. Hemichannel-mediated inhibition in the outer retina. Science 2001, 292:1178-1180.
180. Kamermans M., Spekreijse H. The feedback pathway from horizontal cells to cones. A mini review with a look ahead. Vision Res. 1999, 39:2449-2468.
181. 2+ of GABA responses in bipolar cells of the mouse retina. Vis. Neurosci. 2000, 17:273-281.
182. Kaneko A. Physiological and morphological identification of horizontal, bipolar and amacrine cells in goldfish retina. J. Physiol. 1970, 207:623-633.
183. Kaneko A. Receptive field organization of bipolar and amacrine cells in the goldfish retina. J. Physiol. 1973, 235:133-153.
184. Kaneko A., Tachibana M. Retinal bipolar cells with double colour-opponent receptive fields. Nature 1981, 293:220-222.
185. Kaneko A., Tachibana M. Effects of γ-aminobutyric acid on isolated cone photoreceptors of the turtle retina. J. Physiol. 1986, 373:442-461.
186. Kaneko A., Tachibana M. Blocking effects of cobalt and related ions on the gamma-aminobutyric acid-induced current in turtle retinal cones. J. Physiol. 1986, 373:463-479.
187. Kaplan E., Benardete E. The dynamics of primate retinal ganglion cells. Prog. Brain Res. 2001, 134:17-34.
188. Kim H.G., Miller R.F. Physiological and morphological correlations of horizontal cells in the mudpuppy retina. J. Neurophysiol. 1992, 67:829-840.
189. Klaassen L.J., Sun Z., Steijaert M.N., Bolte P., Fahrenfort I., Sjoerdsma T., Klooster J., Claassen Y., Shields C.R., Ten Eikelder H.M., Janssen-Bienhold U., Zoidl G., McMahon D.G., Kamermans M. Synaptic transmission from horizontal cells to cones is impaired by loss of connexin hemichannels. PLoS Biol. 2011, 9:e1001107.
190. Kleinschmidt J. Signal transmission at the photoreceptor synapse. Role of calcium ions and protons. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1991, 635:468-470.
191. Kleinschmidt J., Dowling J.E. Intracellular recordings from gecko photoreceptors during light and dark adaptation. J. Gen. Physiol. 1975, 66:617-648.
192. Klooster J., Nunes Cardozo B., Yazulla S., Kamermans M. Postsynaptic localization of gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters and receptors in the outer plexiform layer of the goldfish retina: an ultrastructural study. J. Comp. Neurol. 2004, 474:58-74.
193. Koehler C.L., Akimov N.P., Renteria R.C. Receptive field center size decreases and firing properties mature in ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells after eye opening in the mouse. J. Neurophysiol. 2011, 106:895-904.
194. Kolb H. Organization of the outer plexiform layer of the primate retina: electron microscopy of Golgi- impregnated cells. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 1970, 258:261-283.
195. Kolb H. The connections between horizontal cells and photoreceptors in the retina of the cat: electron microscopy of Golgi preparations. J. Comp. Neurol. 1974, 155:1-14.
196. Kolb H. The organization of the outer plexiform layer in the retina of the cat: electron microscopic observations. J. Neurocytol. 1977, 6:131-153.
197. Kolb H., Jones J. Synaptic organization of the outer plexiform layer of the turtle retina: an electron microscope study of serial sections. J. Neurocytol. 1984, 13:567-591.
198. Koulen P., Brandstätter J.H., Enz R., Bormann J., Wässle H. Synaptic clustering of GABA receptor rho-subunits in the rat retina. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1998, 10:115-127.
199. Kraaij D.A., Spekreijse H., Kamermans M. The nature of surround-induced depolarizing responses in goldfish cones. J. Gen. Physiol. 2000, 115:3-16.
200. Kreitzer M.A., Collis L.P., Molina A.J., Smith P.J., Malchow R.P. Modulation of extracellular proton fluxes from retinal horizontal cells of the catfish by depolarization and glutamate. J. Gen. Physiol. 2007, 130:169-182.
201. Krizaj D., Mercer A.J., Thoreson W.B., Barabas P. Intracellular pH modulates inner segment calcium homeostasis in vertebrate photoreceptors. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2011, 300:C187-C197.
202. Kuffler S.W. Discharge patterns and functional organization of mammalian retina. J. Neurophysiol. 1953, 16:37-68.
203. 2+ near cardiac L-type calcium channels: evidence for independent channel-associated binding sites. Biophys. J. 1993, 65:1188-1195.
204. Lam D.M., Ayoub G.S. Biochemical and biophysical studies of isolated horizontal cells from the teleost retina. Vision Res. 1983, 23:433-444.
205. Lam D.M., Lasater E.M., Naka K.I. Gamma-aminobutyric acid: a neurotransmitter candidate for cone horizontal cells of the catfish retina. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1978, 75:6310-6313.
206. Lamb T.D. Spatial properties of horizontal cell responses in the turtle retina. J. Physiol. 1976, 263:239-255.
207. Lankheet M.J.M., Van Wezel R.J.A., Prickaerts J.H.H.J., Van deGrind W.A. The dynamics of light adaptation in cat horizontal responses. Vision Res. 1993, 33:1153-1171.
208. Lasansky A. Synaptic organization of cone cells in the turtle retina. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 1971, 262:365-381.
209. Lasansky A. Cell junctions at the outer synaptic layer of the retina. Invest. Ophthalmol. 1972, 11:265-275.
210. Lasansky A. Organization of the outer synaptic layer in the retina of the larval tiger salamander. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 1973, 265:471-489.
211. Lasansky A. Contacts between receptors and electrophysiologically identified neurones in the retina of the larval tiger salamander. J. Physiol. 1978, 285:531-542.
212. Lasansky A. Lateral contacts and interactions of horizontal cell dendrites in the retina of the larval tiger salamander. J. Physiol. 1980, 301:59-68.
213. Lasansky A. Depolarizing responses of turtle rods. Neurosci. Res. Suppl. 1986, 4:S59-S67.
214. Lasansky A. Synaptic action mediating cone responses to annular illumination in the retina of the larval tiger salamander. J. Physiol. 1981, 310:205-214.
215. Lasansky A., Vallerga S. Horizontal cell responses in the retina of the larval tiger salamander. J. Physiol. 1975, 251:145-165.
216. Lasater E.M. A white-noise analysis of responses and receptive fields of catfish cones. J. Neurophysiol. 1982, 47:1057-1068.
217. Lasater E.M., Lam D.M. The identification and some functions of GABAergic neurons in the distal catfish retina. Vision Res. 1984, 24:497-506.
218. Lee H., Brecha N.C. Immunocytochemical evidence for SNARE protein-dependent transmitter release from guinea pig horizontal cells. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2010, 31:1388-1401.
219. Lee B.B., Martin P.R., Grünert U. Retinal connectivity and primate vision. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 2010, 29:622-639.
220. Leeper H.F., Copenhagen D.R. Mixed rod-cone responses in horizontal cells of snapping turtle retina. Vision Res. 1979, 19:407-412.
221. Levick W.R. Receptive fields of cat retinal ganglion cells with special reference to alpha cells. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 1996, 15:457-500.
222. Li C.-Y., Zhou Y.-X., Pei X., Qiu F.-T., Tang C.-Q., Xu X.-Z. Extensive disinhibitory region beyond the classical receptive field of cat retinal ganglion cells. Vision Res. 1992, 32:219-228.
223. Li W., Keung J.W., Massey S.C. Direct synaptic connections between rods and OFF cone bipolar cells in the rabbit retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2004, 474:1-12.
224. Lin P., Slaughter M. Glycine receptor subunit composition alters the action of GABA antagonists. Visual Neurosci. 2007, 24:513-521.
225. Lin Z.S., Yazulla S. Heterogeneity of GABAA receptor in goldfish retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 1994, 345:429-439.
226. Lin C.T., Li H.Z., Wu J.Y. Immunocytochemical localization of l-glutamate decarboxylase, gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase, cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase, aspartate aminotransferase and somatostatin in rat retina. Brain Res. 1983, 270:273-283.
227. Linberg K.A., Fisher S.K. Ultrastructural evidence that horizontal cell axon terminals are presynaptic in the human retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 268:281-297.
228. Linton J.D., Holzhausen L.C., Babai N., Song H., Miyagishima K.J., Stearns G.W., Lindsay K., Wei J., Chertov A.O., Peters T.A., Caffe R., Pluk H., Seeliger M.W., Tanimoto N., Fong K., Bolton L., Kuok D.L., Sweet I.R., Bartoletti T.M., Radu R.A., Travis G.H., Zagotta W.N., Townes-Anderson E., Parker E., Van der Zee C.E., Sampath A.P., Sokolov M., Thoreson W.B., Hurley J.B. Flow of energy in the outer retina in darkness and in light. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2010, 107:8599-8604.
229. Lipin M.Y., Smith R.G., Taylor W.R. Maximizing contrast resolution in the outer retina of mammals. Biol. Cybern. 2010, 103:57-77.
230. Liu J., Zhao J.W., Du J.L., Yang X.L. Functional GABA(B) receptors are expressed at the cone photoreceptor terminals in bullfrog retina. Neuroscience 2005, 132:103-113.
231. Liu J., Li G.L., Yang X.L. An ionotropic GABA receptor with novel pharmacology at bullfrog cone photoreceptor terminals. Neurosignals 2006-2007, 15:13-25.
232. Loeliger M., Rees S. Immunocytochemical development of the guinea pig retina. Exp. Eye Res. 2005, 80:9-21.
233. Lukasiewicz P.D. Synaptic mechanisms that shape visual signaling at the inner retina. Prog. Brain Res. 2005, 147:205-218.
234. Maffei L., Fiorentini A., Cervetto L. Homeostasis in retinal receptive fields. J. Neurophysiol. 1971, 34:579-587.
235. Makani S., Chesler M. Rapid rise of extracellular pH evoked by neural activity is generated by the plasma membrane calcium ATPase. J. Neurophysiol. 2010, 103:667-676.
236. Maksimova E.M. Effect of intracellular polarization of horizontal cells on the activity of ganglionic cells of fish retina. Biofizika 1969, 14:537-544.
237. Malchow R.P., Yazulla S. Light adaptation of rod and cone luminosity horizontal cells of the retina of the goldfish. Brain Res. 1988, 443:222-239.
238. Mangel S.C. Analysis of the horizontal cell contribution to the receptive field surround of ganglion cells in the rabbit retina. J. Physiol. 1991, 442:211-234.
239. Marc R.E., Murry R.F., Fisher S.K., Linberg K.A., Lewis G.P., Kalloniatis M. Amino acid signatures in the normal cat retina. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1998, 39:1685-1693.
240. Marchiafava P.L. Horizontal cells influence membrane potential of bipolar cells in the retina of the turtle. Nature 1978, 275:141-142.
241. Maricq A.V., Korenbrot J.I. Calcium and calcium-dependent chloride currents generate action potentials in solitary cone photoreceptors. Neuron 1988, 1:503-515.
242. Marr D. Vision 1982, W.H. Freeman, San Francisco.
243. Marshak D., Dowling J.E. Synapses of cone horizontal cell axons in goldfish retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 1987, 256:430-443.
244. Masland R.H. Maturation of function in the developing rabbit retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 1977, 175:275-286.
245. Masland R.H., Ames A. Responses to acetylcholine of ganglion cells in an isolated mammalian retina. J. Neurophysiol. 1976, 39:1220-1235.
246. Massey S.C., O'Brien J.J., Trexler E.B., Li W., Keung J.W., Mills S.L., O'Brien J. Multiple neuronal connexins in the mammalian retina. Cell. Commun. Adhes. 2003, 10:425-430.
247. Mataruga A., Kremmer E., Müller F. Type 3a and type 3b OFF cone bipolar cells provide for the alternative rod pathway in the mouse retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2007, 502:1123-1137.
248. McGuire B.A., Stevens J.K., Sterling P. Microcircuitry of bipolar cells in cat retina. J. Neurosci. 1984, 4:2920-2938.
249. McMahon M.J., Packer O.S., Dacey D.M. The classical receptive field surround of primate parasol ganglion cells is mediated primarily by a non-GABAergic pathway. J. Neurosci. 2004, 24:3736-3745.
250. Michael C.R. Receptive fields of single optic nerve fibers in a mammal with an all-cone retina. I. Contrast-sensitive units. J. Neurophysiol. 1968, 31:249-256.
251. Miesenböck G., De Angelis D.A., Rothman J.E. Visualizing secretion and synaptic transmission with pH-sensitive green fluorescent proteins. Nature 1998, 394:192-195.
252. Miller R.F., Dacheux R.F. Synaptic organization and ionic basis of On and Off channels in mudpuppy retina. I. Intracellular analysis of chloride-sensitive electrogenic properties of receptors, horizontal cells, bipolar cells and amacrine cells. J. Gen. Physiol. 1976, 67:639-659.
253. Miller R.F., Dacheux R.F. Intracellular chloride in retinal neurons: measurement and meaning. Vision Res. 1983, 23:399-411.
254. Missotten L. The Ultrastructure of the Retina 1965, Arscia Uitgaven N.V, Brussels.
255. Mitarai G., Goto T., Takagi S. Receptive field arrangement of color-opponent bipolar and amacrine cells in the carp retina. Sens. Processes 1978, 2:375-382.
256. Mitchell C.K., Huang B., Redburn-Johnson D.A. GABA(A) receptor immunoreactivity is transiently expressed in the developing outer retina. Vis. Neurosci. 1999, 16:1083-1088.
257. + fluxes from isolated retinal horizontal cells of the skate. J. Physiol. 2004, 560:639-657.
258. Morgans C.W., El Far O., Berntson A., Wässle H., Taylor W.R. Calcium extrusion from mammalian photoreceptor terminals. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:2467-2474.
259. Morigiwa K., Vardi N. Differential expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits in the outer retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 1999, 405:173-184.
260. Mosinger J., Yazulla S. Double-label analysis of GAD- and GABA-like immunoreactivity in the rabbit retina. Vision Res. 1987, 27:23-30.
261. Mosinger J.L., Yazulla S., Studholme K.M. GABA-like immunoreactivity in the vertebrate retina: a species comparison. Exp. Eye Res. 1986, 42:631-644.
262. Muller J.F., Dacheux R.F. Alpha ganglion cells of the rabbit retina lose antagonistic surround responses under dark adaptation. Vis. Neurosci. 1997, 14:395-401.
263. Mumm J.S., Godinho L., Morgan J.L., Oakleey D.M., Schroeter E.H., Wong R.O. Laminar circuit formation in the vertebrate retina. Prog. Brain Res. 2005, 147:155-169.
264. Murakami M., Shimoda Y., Nakatani K., Miyachi E., Watanabe S. GABA-mediated negative feedback from horizontal cells to cones in carp retina. Jpn. J. Physiol. 1982, 32:911-926.
265. Naka K.-I. Neuronal circuitry in the catfish retina. Invest. Ophthal. 1976, 15:926-935.
266. Naka K.-I. The cells horizontal cells talk to. Vision Res. 1982, 22:653-660.
267. Naka K.-I., Nye P.W. Role of horizontal cells in organization of the catfish retina receptive field. J. Neurophysiol. 1971, 34:785-801.
268. Naka K.-I., Witkovsky P. Dogfish ganglion cell discharge resulting from extrinsic polarization of the horizontal cells. J. Physiol. 1972, 223:449-460.
269. Nelson R., Pflug R., Baer S.M. Background-induced flicker enhancement in cat retinal horizontal cells. I. Spatial properties. J. Neurophysiol. 1990, 64:326-340.
270. Neyton J., Piccolino M., Gerschenfeld H.M. Involvement of small-field horizontal cells in feedback effects on green cones of turtle retina. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 1981, 78:4616-4619.
271. Normann R.A., Pochobradsky J. Oscillations in rod and horizontal cell membrane potential: evidence for feed-back to rods in the vertebrate retina. J. Physiol. 1976, 261:15-29.
272. Norton A.L., Spekreijse H., Wolbarsht M.L., Wagner H.G. Receptive field organization of the S-potential. Science 1968, 160:1021-1022.
273. Nye P.W., Naka K.-I. The dynamics of inhibitory interaction in a frog receptive field: a paradigm of paracontrast. Vision Res. 1971, 11:377-392.
274. O'Bryan P.M. Properties of the depolarizing synaptic potential evoked by peripheral illumination in cones of the turtle retina. J. Physiol. 1973, 235:207-223.
275. Oakley B., Wen R. Extracellular pH in the isolated retina of the toad in darkness and during illumination. J. Physiol. 1989, 419:353-378.
276. Ohtsuka T., Kouyama N. Synaptic contacts between red-sensitive cones and triphasic chromaticity horizontal cells in the turtle retina. Brain Res. 1985, 346:374-377.
277. Ohtsuka T., Kouyama N. Electron microscopic study of synaptic contacts between photoreceptors and HRP-filled horizontal cells in the turtle retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 1986, 250:141-156.
278. Okawa H., Sampath A.P., Laughlin S.B., Fain G.L. ATP consumption by mammalian rod photoreceptors in darkness and in light. Curr. Biol. 2008, 18:1917-1921.
279. Osborne N.N., Patel S., Beaton D.W., Neuhoff V. GABA neurones in retinas of different species and their postnatal development in situ and in culture in the rabbit retina. Cell Tissue Res. 1986, 243:117-123.
280. Packer O.S., Verweij J., Li P.H., Schnapf J.L., Dacey D.M. Blue-yellow opponency in primate S cone photoreceptors. J. Neurosci. 2010, 30:568-572.
281. Palmer M.J., Hull C., Vigh J., von Gersdorff H. Synaptic cleft acidification and modulation of short-term depression by exocytosed protons in retinal bipolar cells. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:11332-11341.
282. Pan F., Massey S.C. Rod and cone input to horizontal cells in the rabbit retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2007, 500:815-831.
283. Pattnaik B., Jellali A., Sahel J., Dreyfus H., Picaud S. GABA receptors are localized with microtubule-associated protein 1B in mammalian cone photoreceptors. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:6789-6796.
284. Payne J.A., Rivera C., Voipio J., Kaila K. Cation-chloride co-transporters in neuronal communication, development and trauma. Trends Neurosci. 2003, 26:199-206.
285. Peichl L., Wassle H. The structural correlate of the receptive field center of a ganglion cells in the cat retina. J. Physiol. 1983, 341:309-324.
286. Perlman I., Normann R.A. The effects of GABA and related drugs on horizontal cells in the isolated turtle retina. Vis. Neurosci. 1990, 5:469-477.
287. Perlman I., Normann R.A. Light adaptation and sensitivity controlling mechanisms in vertebrate photoreceptors. Prog. Ret. Eye Res. 1998, 17:523-563.
288. Pflug R., Nelson R., Ahnelt P.K. Background-induced flicker enhancement in cat retinal horizontal cells. I. Temporal and spectral properties. J. Neurophysiol. 1990, 64:313-325.
289. Picaud S., Pattnaik B., Hicks D., Forster V., Fontaine V., Sahel J., Dreyfus H. GABA and GABA receptors in adult porcine cones: evidence from a photoreceptor-glia co-culture model. J. Physiol. 1998, 513:33-42.
290. Piccolino M. The feedback synapse from horizontal cells to cone photoreceptors in the vertebrate retina. Prog. Ret. Eye Res. 1995, 14:141-196.
291. Piccolino M., Gerschenfeld H.M. Lateral interactions in the outer plexiform layer of turtle retinas after atropine block of horizontal cells. Nature 1977, 268:259-261.
292. Piccolino M., Gerschenfeld H.M. Activation of a regenerative calcium conductance in turtle cones by peripheral stimulation. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 1978, 201:309-315.
293. Piccolino M., Gerschenfeld H.M. Characteristics and ionic processes involved in feedback spikes of turtle cones. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 1980, 206:439-463.
294. Piccolino M., Wade N.J. Galileo's eye: a new vision of the senses in the work of Galileo Galilei. Perception 2008, 37:1312-1340.
295. Piccolino M., Neyton J., Gerschenfeld H.M. Peripheral antagonism in the small field L-horizontal cells (L2-HC) of turtle retina. Vision Res. 1981, 21:1579-1580.
296. Piccolino M., Pignatelli A., Rakotobe L.A. Calcium-independent release of neurotransmitter in the retina: a " copernican" viewpoint change. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 1999, 18:1-38.
297. Pinto L.H., Pak W.L. Light-induced changes in photoreceptor membrane resistance and potential in Gecko retinas. II. Preparations with active lateral interactions. J. Gen. Physiol. 1974, 64:49-69.
298. Popel B., Eckhorn R. Dynamic aspects of cat retinal ganglion cell's center and surround mechanisms: a white noise analysis. Vision Res. 1981, 21:1693-1696.
299. Pöppel E. Long-range colour-generating interactions across the retina. Nature 1986, 320:523-525.
300. Pottek M., Hoppenstedt W., Janssen-Bienhold U., Schultz K., Perlman I., Weiler R. Contribution of connexin26 to electrical feedback inhibition in the turtle retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2003, 466:468-477.
301. Pourcho R.G., Owczarzak M.T. Distribution of GABA immunoreactivity in the cat retina: a light- and electron-microscopic study. Vis. Neurosci. 1989, 2:425-435.
302. Prochnow N., Hoffmann S., Vroman R., Klooster J., Bunse S., Kamermans M., Dermietzel R., Zoidl G. Pannexin1 in the outer retina of the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Neuroscience 2009, 162:1039-1054.
303. Puller C., Haverkamp S. Bipolar cell pathways for color vision in non-primate dichromats. Vis. Neurosci. 2011, 28:51-60.
304. Puller C., de Sevilla Müller L.P., Janssen-Bienhold U., Haverkamp S. ZO-1 and the spatial organization of gap junctions and glutamate receptors in the outer plexiform layer of the mammalian retina. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:6266-6275.
305. Qian H.H., Li L.H., Chappell R.L., Ripps H. GABA receptors of bipolar cells from the skate retina: actions of zinc on GABA-mediated membrane currents. J. Neurophysiol. 1997, 78:2402-2412.
306. Ratliff F. Mach Bands: Quantitative Studies on Neural Networks in the Retina 1965, Holden-Day Inc., San Francisco, CA.
307. Ratliff F., Hartline H.K. The responses of Limulus optic nerve fibers to patterns of illumination on the receptor mosaic. J. Gen. Physiol. 1959, 42:1241-1255.
308. Raynauld J.P., Laviolette J.R., Wagner H.J. Goldfish retina: a correlate between cone activity and morphology of the horizontal cell in cone pedicules. Science 1979, 204:1436-1438.
309. Reeves A. Visual adaptation. The Visual Neurosciences 2004, 851-862. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. L.M. Chalupa, J.S. Werner (Eds.).
310. Ribelayga C., Mangel S.C. Absence of circadian clock regulation of horizontal cell gap junctional coupling reveals two dopamine systems in the goldfish retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2003, 467:243-253.
311. Ribelayga C., Cao Y., Mangel S.C. The circadian clock in the retina controls rod-cone coupling. Neuron 2008, 59:790-801.
312. Ribelayga C., Mangel S.C. Identification of a circadian clock-controlled neural pathway in the rabbit retina. PLoS One 2010, 5:e11020.
313. Rieke F., Schwartz E.A. A cGMP-gated current can control exocytosis at cone synapses. Neuron 1994, 13:863-873.
314. Rinner O., Gegenfurtner K.R. Cone contributions to colour constancy. Perception 2002, 31:733-746.
315. Ripps H., Qian H., Zakevicius J. Properties of connexin26 hemichannels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Cell Mol. Neurobiol. 2004, 24:647-665.
316. Rodieck R.W., Stone J. Analysis of receptive fields of cat retinal ganglion cells. J. Neurophysiol. 1965, 28:833-849.
317. Ruddock K.H., Svaetichin G. The effects of maintained light stimulation on S-potentials recorded from the retina of a teleost fish. J. Physiol. 1975, 244:569-588.
318. Rusoff A.C., Dubin M.W. Development of receptive-field properties of retinal ganglion cells in kittens. J. Neurophysiol. 1977, 40:1188-1198.
319. Russell J.M. Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport. Physiol. Rev. 2000, 80:211-276.
320. Rüttiger L., Braun D.I., Gegenfurtner K.R., Petersen D., Schönle P., Sharpe L.T. Selective color constancy deficits after circumscribed unilateral brain lesions. J. Neurosci. 1999, 19:3094-3106.
321. Saarikoski J., Ruusuvuori E., Koskelainen A., Donner K. Regulation of intracellular pH in salamander retinal rods. J. Physiol. 1997, 498:61-72.
322. Saito H.-A. Pharmacological and morphological differences between X- and Y-type ganglion cells in the cat's retina. Vision Res. 1983, 23:1299-1308.
323. Saito T., Miller W.H., Tomita T. C- and L-type horizontal cells in the turtle retina. Vision Res. 1974, 14:119-123.
324. Sakai H.M., Naka K.-I. Synaptic organization of the cone horizontal cells in the catfish retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 1986, 245:107-115.
325. Sakai H.M., Naka K.-I. Neuron network in catfish retina: 1968-1987. Prog. Retin. Res. 1988, 7:149-208.
326. Sakuranaga M., Naka K.-I. Signal transmission in the catfish retina. I. Transmission in the outer retina. J. Neurophysiol. 1985, 53:373-389.
327. Satoh H., Kaneda M., Kaneko A. Intracellular chloride concentration is higher in rod bipolar cells than in cone bipolar cells of the mouse retina. Neurosci. Lett. 2001, 310:161-164.
328. Savchenko A., Barnes S., Kramer R.H. Cyclic-nucleotide-gated channels mediate synaptic feedback by nitric oxide. Nature 1997, 390:694-698.
329. Schaeffer S.F., Raviola E., Heuser J.E. Membrane specializations in the outer plexiform layer of the turtle retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 1982, 204:253-267.
330. Schnitzer J., Rusoff A.C. Horizontal cells of the mouse retina contain glutamic acid decarboxylase-like immunoreactivity during early developmental stages. J. Neurosci. 1984, 4:2948-2955.
331. Schubert T., Huckfeldt R.M., Parker E., Campbell J.E., Wong R.O. Assembly of the outer retina in the absence of GABA synthesis in horizontal cells. Neural Dev. 2010, 5:15.
332. Schwartz E.A. Responses of bipolar cells in the retina of the turtle. J. Physiol. 1974, 236:211-224.
333. Schwartz E.A. Calcium-independent release of GABA from isolated horizontal cells of the toad retina. J. Physiol. 1982, 323:211-227.
334. Schwartz E.A. Transport-mediated synapses in the retina. Physiol. Rev. 2002, 82:875-891.
335. Shelley J., Dedek K., Schubert T., Feigenspan A., Schultz K., Hombach S., Willecke K., Weiler R. Horizontal cell receptive fields are reduced in connexin57-deficient mice. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2006, 23:3176-3186.
336. Sherry D.M., Mitchell R., Standifer K.M., Du Plessis B. Distribution of plasma membrane-associated syntaxins 1 through 4 indicates distinct trafficking functions in the synaptic layers of the mouse retina. BMC Neurosci. 2006, 7:54.
337. Shields C.R., Tran M.N., Wong R.O., Lukasiewicz P.D. Distinct ionotropic GABA receptors mediate presynaptic and post-synaptic inhibition in retinal bipolar cells. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:2673-2682.
338. Shields C.R., Klooster J., Claassen Y., Ul-Hussain M., Zoidl G., Dermietzel R., Kamermans M. Retinal horizontal cell-specific promoter activity and protein expression of zebrafish connexin 52.6 and connexin 55.5. J. Comp. Neurol. 2007, 501:765-779.
339. Shiells R.A., Falk G., Naghshineh S. Action of glutamate and aspartate analogues on rod, horizontal and bipolar cells. Nature 1981, 294:592-594.
340. Shimbo K., Toyoda J.I., Kondo H., Kujiraoka T. Color-opponent responses of small and giant bipolar cells in the carp retina. Vis. Neurosci. 2000, 17:609-621.
341. Shou T., Wang W., Yu H. Orientation biased extended surround of the receptive field of cat retinal ganglion cells. Neuroscience 2000, 98:207-212.
342. Skrzypek J., Werblin F. Lateral interactions in absence of feedback to cones. J. Neurophysiol. 1983, 49:1007-1016.
343. Slaughter M.M., Miller R.F. 2-Amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: a new pharmacological tool for retina research. Science 1981, 211:182-185.
344. Snellman J., Nawy S. cGMP-dependent kinase regulates response sensitivity of the mouse On bipolar cell. J. Neurosci. 2004, 24:6621-6628.
345. Snellman J., Mehta B., Babai N., Bartoletti T.M., Akmentin W., Francis A., Matthews G., Thoreson W., Zenisek D. Acute destruction of the synaptic ribbon reveals a role for the ribbon in vesicle priming. Nat. Neurosci. 2011, 14:1135-1141.
346. Solomon S.G., Lennie P. The machinery of colour vision. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2007, 8:276-286.
347. Srinivasan M.V., Laughlin S.B., Dubs A. Predictive coding: a fresh view of inhibition in the retina. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 1982, 216:427-459.
348. Stell W.K. Inputs to bipolar cell dendrites in goldfish retina. Vision Res. 1983, 23:1143-1150.
349. Stell W.K., Lightfoot D.O. Color-specific interconnections of cones and horizontal cells in the retina of the goldfish. J. Comp. Neurol. 1975, 159:473-502.
350. Stell W.K., Lightfoot D.O., Wheeler T.G., Leeper H.F. Goldfish retina: functional polarization of cone horizontal cell dendrites and synapses. Science 1975, 190:989-990.
351. Sterling P., Demb J.B. Retina. The Synaptic Organization of the Brain 2004, 217-269. Oxford University Press, New York. fifth ed. G.M. Shepherd (Ed.).
352. Stone S., Schutte M. Physiological and morphological properties of OFF- and ON-center bipolar cells in the Xenopus retina: effects of glycine and GABA. Vis. Neurosci. 1991, 7:363-376.
353. Stone S., Witkovsky P. Center-surround organization of Xenopus horizontal cells and its modification by gamma-aminobutyric acid and strontium. Exp. Biol. 1987, 47:1-12.
354. Stone S., Witkovsky P., Schütte M. A chromatic horizontal cell in the Xenopus retina: intracellular staining and synaptic pharmacology. J. Neurophysiol. 1990, 64:1683-1694.
355. Szikra T., Barabas P., Bartoletti T.M., Huang W., Akopian A., Thoreson W.B., Krizaj D. Calcium homeostasis and cone signaling are regulated by interactions between calcium stores and plasma membrane ion channels. PLoS One 2009, 4:e6723.
356. Tachibana M. Membrane properties of solitary horizontal cells isolated from goldfish retina. J. Physiol. 1981, 321:141-161.
357. Tatsukawa T., Hirasawa H., Kaneko A., Kaneda M. GABA-mediated component in the feedback response of turtle retinal cones. Vis. Neurosci. 2005, 22:317-324.
358. Teranishi T., Kato S., Negishi K. Lateral spread of S-potential components in the carp retina. Exp. Eye Res. 1982, 34:389-399.
359. Thibos L.N., Werblin F.S. The response properties of the steady antagonistic surround in the mudpuppy retina. J. Physiol. 1978, 278:79-99.
360. Thibos L.N., Werblin F.S. The properties of surround antagonism elicited by spinning windmill patterns in the mudpuppy retina. J. Physiol. 1978, 278:101-116.
361. Thoreson W.B., Bryson E.J. Chloride equilibrium potential in salamander cones. BMC Neurosci. 2004, 5:53.
362. Thoreson W.B., Burkhardt D.A. Effects of synaptic blocking agents on the depolarizing responses of turtle cones evoked by surround illumination. Vis. Neurosci. 1990, 5:571-583.
363. Thoreson W.B., Burkhardt D.A. Ionic influences on the prolonged depolarization of turtle cones in situ. J. Neurophysiol. 1991, 65:96-110.
364. Thoreson W.B., Babai N., Bartoletti T.M. Feedback from horizontal cells to rod photoreceptors in vertebrate retina. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:5691-5695.
365. Tian N. Synaptic activity, visual experience and the maturation of retinal synaptic circuitry. J. Physiol. 2008, 586:4347-4355.
366. Tokutake Y., Freed M.A. Retinal ganglion cells - spatial organization of the receptive field reduces temporal redundancy. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:914-923.
367. Tootle J.S. Early postnatal development of visual function in ganglion cells of the cat retina. J. Neurophysiol. 1993, 69:1645-1660.
368. Toyoda J.-l., Fujimoto M. Analyses of neural mechanisms mediating the effect of horizontal cells polarization. Vision Res. 1983, 23:1143-1150.
369. Toyoda J.-L., Kujiraoka T. Analysis of bipolar cell responses elicited by polarization of horizontal cells. J. Gen. Physiol. 1982, 79:131-145.
370. Toyoda J.-I., Tonosaki K. Effect of polarisation of horizontal cells on the on-centre bipolar cell of carp retina. Nature 1978, 276:399-400.
371. Toyoda J.I., Saito T., Kondo H. Three types of horizontal cells in the stingray retina: their morphology and physiology. J. Comp. Neurol. 1978, 179:569-579.
372. Tranchina D., Gordon J., Shapley R. Spatial and temporal properties of luminosity horizontal cells in the turtle retina. J. Gen. Physiol. 1983, 82:573-598.
373. Trenholm S., Baldridge W.H. The effect of aminosulfonate buffers on the light responses and intracellular pH of goldfish retinal horizontal cells. J. Neurochem. 2010, 115:102-111.
374. Trexler E.B., Bukauskas F.F., Bennett M.V., Bargiello T.A., Verselis V.K. Rapid and direct effects of pH on connexins revealed by the connexin46 hemichannel preparation. J. Gen. Physiol. 1999, 113:721-742.
375. Troy J.B., Shou T. The receptive fields of cat retinal ganglion cells in physiological and pathological states: where we are after half a century of research. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 2002, 21:263-302.
376. Troy J.B., Oh J.K., Enroth-Cugell C. Effect of ambient illumination on the spatial properties of the center and surround of Y-cell receptive fields. Vis. Neurosci. 1993, 10:753-764.
377. Troy J.B., Bohnsack D.L., Diller L.C. Spatial properties of the cat X-cell receptive field as a function of mean light level. Vis. Neurosci. 1999, 16:1089-1104.
378. Trümpler J., Dedek K., Schubert T., de Sevilla Müller L.P., Seeliger M., Humphries P., Biel M., Weiler R. Rod and cone contributions to horizontal cell light responses in the mouse retina. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:6818-6825.
379. Tsukamoto Y., Smith R.G., Sterling P. ''Collective coding'' of correlated cone signals in the retinal ganglion cell. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1990, 87:1860-1864.
380. Twig G., Levy H., Perlman I. Color opponency in horizontal cells of the vertebrate retina. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 2003, 22:31-68.
381. VanLeeuwen M., Joselovitch C., Fahrenfort I., Kamermans M. The contribution of the outer retina to color constancy: a general model for color constancy synthesized from primate and fish data. Vis. Neurosci. 2007, 24:277-290.
382. VanLeeuwen M., Fahrenfort I., Sjoerdsma T., Numan R., Kamermans M. Lateral gain control in the outer retina leads to potentiation of center responses of retinal neurons. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:6358-6366.
383. Vardi N., Sterling P. Subcellular localization of GABAA receptor on bipolar cells in macaque and human retina. Vision Res. 1994, 34:1235-1246.
384. Vardi N., Masarachia P., Sterling P. Immunoreactivity to GABAA receptor in the outer plexiform layer of the cat retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 1992, 320:394-397.
385. Vardi N., Kaufman D.L., Sterling P. Horizontal cells in cat and monkey retina express different isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase. Vis. Neurosci. 1994, 11:135-142.
386. Vardi N., Zhang L.-L., Payne J.A., Sterling P. Evidence that different cation chloride cotransporters in retinal neurons allow opposite responses to GABA. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:7657-7663.
387. Varela C., Blanco R., De La Villa P. Depolarizing effect of GABA in rod bipolar cells of the mouse retina. Vision Res. 2005, 45:2659-2667.
388. Ventura D.F., de Souza J.M., Devoe R.D., Zana Y. UV responses in the retina of the turtle. Vis. Neurosci. 1999, 16:191-204.
389. Versaux-Botteri C., Pochet R., Nguyen-Legros J. Immunohistochemical localization of GABA-containing neurons during postnatal development of the rat retina. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1989, 30:652-659.
390. Verweij J., Kamermans M., Spekreijse H. Horizontal cells feed back to cones by shifting the cone calcium-current activation range. Vision Res. 1996, 36:3943-3953.
391. Verweij J., Hornstein E.P., Schnapf J.L. Surround antagonism in macaque cone photoreceptors. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:10249-10257.
392. Vessey J.P., Lalonde M.R., Mizan H.A., Welch N.C., Kelly M.E., Barnes S. Carbenoxolone inhibition of voltage-gated Ca channels and synaptic transmission in the retina. J. Neurophysiol. 2004, 92:1252-1256.
393. Vessey J.P., Stratis A.K., Daniels B.A., Da Silva N., Jonz M.G., Lalonde M.R., Baldridge W.H., Barnes S. Proton-mediated feedback inhibition of presynaptic calcium channels at the cone photoreceptor synapse. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25:4108-4117.
394. Vigh J., Witkovsky P. Sub-millimolar cobalt selectively inhibits the receptive field surround of retinal neurons. Vis. Neurosci. 1999, 16:159-168.
395. Vu T.Q., Payne J.A., Copenhagen D.R. Localization and developmental expression patterns of the neuronal K-Cl cotransporter (KCC2) in the rat retina. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:1414-1423.
396. Wagner H.J. Light-dependent plasticity of the morphology of horizontal cell terminals in cone pedicles of fish retinas. J. Neurocytol. 1980, 9:573-590.
397. Wagner H.J., Djamgoz M.B. Spinules: a case for retinal synaptic plasticity. Trends Neurosci. 1993, 16:201-206.
398. Wagner H.G., MacNichol E.F., Wolbarsht M.L. The response properties of single ganglion cells in the goldfish retina. J. Gen. Physiol. 1960, 43:45-62.
399. Wang Y., Mangel S.C. A circadian clock regulates rod and cone input to fish retinal cone horizontal cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1996, 93:4655-4660.
400. Wang P., Slaughter M.M. Effects of GABA receptor antagonists on retinal glycine receptors and on homomeric glycine receptor alpha subunits. J. Neurophysiol. 2005, 93:3120-3126.
401. Wang H., Standifer K.M., Sherry D.M. GABA(A) receptor binding and localization in the tiger salamander retina. Vis. Neurosci. 2000, 17:11-21.
402. Warrant E.J. Seeing better at night: life style, eye design and the optimum strategy of spatial and temporal summation. Vision Res. 1999, 39:1611-1630.
403. Wässle H., Koulen P., Brandstätter J.H., Fletcher E.L., Becker C.M. Glycine and GABA receptors in the mammalian retina. Vision Res. 1998, 38:1411-1430.
404. Weckström M., Laughlin S. Extracellular potentials modify the transfer of information at photoreceptor output synapses in the blowfly compound eye. J. Neurosci. 2010, 30:9557-9566.
405. Weiler R., Wagner H.J. Light-dependent change of cone-horizontal cell interactions in carp retina. Brain Res. 1984, 298:1-9.
406. Weinstein G.W., Hobson R.R., Baker F.H. Extracellular recordings from human retinal ganglion cells. Science 1971, 171:1021-1022.
407. Werblin F.S. Response of retinal cells to moving spots: intracellular recording in Necturus maculosus. J. Neurophysiol. 1970, 33:342-350.
408. Werblin F.S. Lateral interactions at inner plexiform layer of the vertebrate retina: antagonistic responses to change. Science 1972, 175:1008-1010.
409. Werblin F.S., Copenhagen D.R. Control of retinal sensitivity. 3. Lateral interactions at the inner plexiform layer. J. Gen. Physiol. 1974, 63:88-110.
410. Werblin F.S., Dowling J.E. Organization of the retina of the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus. II. Intracellular recording. J. Neurophysiol. 1969, 32:339-355.
411. Wheeler T.G., Naka K.-I. The modes of chromatic interactions in the retina. Vision Res. 1977, 17:1015-1018.
412. Wilson M. Retinal synapses. The Visual Neurosciences 2004, 279-303. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. L.M. Chalupa, J.S. Werner (Eds.).
413. Witkovsky P., Burkhardt D.A., Nagy A.R. Synaptic connections linking cones and horizontal cells in the retina of the pikeperch (Stizostedion vitreum). J. Comp. Neurol. 1979, 186:541-559.
414. Wong K.Y., Dowling J.E. Retinal bipolar cell input mechanisms in giant danio. III. ON-OFF bipolar cells and their color-opponent mechanisms. J. Neurophysiol. 2005, 94:265-272.
415. Wright R., Raimondo J.V., Akerman C.J. Spatial and temporal dynamics in the ionic driving force for GABA receptors. Neural Plast. 2011, 2011:728395.
416. Wu S.M. Effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid on cones and bipolar cells of the tiger salamander retina. Brain Res. 1986, 365:70-77.
417. Wu S.M. Input-output relations of the feedback synapse between horizontal cells and cones in the tiger salamander retina. J. Neurophysiol. 1991, 65:1197-1206.
418. Wu S.M. Feedback connections and operation of the outer plexiform layer of the retina. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 1992, 2:462-468.
419. Wu S.M. Synaptic organization of the vertebrate retina: general principles and species-specific variations: the Friedenwald lecture. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2010, 51:1263-1274.
420. Xin D., Bloomfield S.A. Dark- and light-induced changes in coupling between horizontal cells in mammalian retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 1999, 405:75-87.
421. Yamamoto F., Borgula G.A., Steinberg R.H. Effects of light and darkness on pH outside rod photoreceptors in the cat retina. Exp. Eye Res. 1992, 54:685-697.
422. Yamamoto K., Jouhou H., Iwasaki M., Kaneko A., Yamada M. Strongly pH-buffered ringer's solution expands the receptive field size of horizontal cells in the carp retina. Zool. Sci. 2008, 25:419-427.
423. Yamasaki E.N., Barbosa V.D., De Mello F.G., Hokoc J.N. GABAergic system in the developing mammalian retina: dual sources of GABA at early stages of postnatal development. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 1999, 17:201-213.
424. Yang X.L. Characterization of receptors for glutamate and GABA in retinal neurons. Prog. Neurobiol. 2004, 73:127-150.
425. Yang X.L., Wu S.M. Synaptic inputs from rods and cones to horizontal cells in the tiger salamander retina. Sci. China B 1990, 33:946-954.
426. Yang X.L., Wu S.M. Feedforward lateral inhibition in retinal bipolar cells: input-output relation of the horizontal cell-depolarizing bipolar cell synapse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991, 88:3310-3313.
427. A receptor subtypes in the tiger salamander retina. Vis. Neurosci. 1992, 8:57-64.
428. Yang X.L., Fan T.X., Shen W. Effects of prolonged darkness on light responsiveness and spectral sensitivity of cone horizontal cells in carp retina in vivo. J. Neurosci. 1994, 14:326-334.
429. Yang X.L., Gao F., Wu S.M. Modulation of horizontal cell function by GABA and GABA receptors in dark- and light-adapted tiger salamander retina. Vis. Neurosci. 1999, 16:967-979.
430. Yazulla S. Cone input to bipolar cells in the turtle retina. Vision Res. 1976, 16:737-744.
431. Yazulla S. Endocannabinoids in the retina: from marijuana to neuroprotection. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 2008, 27:501-526.
432. Yazulla S., Kleinschmidt J. Carrier-mediated release of GABA from retinal horizontal cells. Brain Res. 1983, 263:63-75.
433. Yazulla S., Studholme K.M., Vitorica J., de Blas A.L. Immunocytochemical localization of GABAA receptors in goldfish and chicken retinas. J. Comp. Neurol. 1989, 280:15-26.
434. Zhang J., Wu S.M. Physiological properties of rod photoreceptor electrical coupling in the tiger salamander retina. J. Physiol. 2005, 564:849-862.
435. Zhang A.J., Wu S.M. Receptive fields of retinal bipolar cells are mediated by heterogeneous synaptic activity. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:787-797.
436. Zhang J., Zhang A.J., Wu S.M. Immunocytochemical analysis of GABA-positive and calretinin-positive horizontal cells in the tiger salamander retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2006, 499:432-441.
437. Zhang Z., Nguyen K.T., Barrett E.F., David G. Vesicular ATPase inserted into the plasma membrane of motor terminals by exocytosis alkalinizes cytosolic pH and facilitates endocytosis. Neuron 2010, 68:1097-1108.
438. Zhang A.J., Jacoby R., Wu S.M. Light- and dopamine-regulated receptive field plasticity in primate horizontal cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 2011, 519:2125-2134.