Eye movement patterns during the recognition of three-dimensional objects: Preferential fixation of concave surface curvature minima

Journal of Vision

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1-15

  Leek, E Charles ^a   Cristino, Filipe ^a   Conlan, Lina I ^a   Patterson, Candy ^a   Rodriguez, Elly ^a   Johnston, Stephen J ^b  

^a BANGOR UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b BRUNEL UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Concavity; Convexity; Eye movements; Object recognition; Object shape perception; Surface curvature extrema; Visual saliency

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EYE MOVEMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; ORIENTATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOPHYSICS; RECOGNITION; YOUNG ADULT;

EYE MOVEMENTS; FEMALE; FORM PERCEPTION; HUMANS; MALE; ORIENTATION; PSYCHOPHYSICS; RECOGNITION (PSYCHOLOGY); YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84862102651     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15347362     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/12.1.7     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Attneave, F. (1954). Some informational aspects of visual perception. Psychological Review, 61, 183-193.
2. Baddeley, R. J., & Tatler, B. W. (2006). High frequency edges (but not contrast) predict where we fixate: A Bayesian system identification analysis. Vision Research, 46, 2824-2833.
3. Barenholtz, E., Cohen, E. H., Feldman, J., & Singh, M. (2003). Detection of change in shape: An advantage for concavities. Cognition, 89, 1-9.
4. Bertamini, M. (2008). Detection of convexity and concavity in context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34, 775-789.
5. Bhatt, R. S., Hayden, A., Reed, A., Bertin, E. & Joseph, J. (2006). Infants' perception of information along object boundaries: Concavities versus convexities. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 94, 91-113.
6. Biederman, I. (1987). Recognition-by-components: A theory of human image understanding. Psychological Review, 94, 115-147.
7. Bülthoff, H. H., & Edelman, S. (1992). Psychophysical support for a two-dimensional view interpolation theory of object recognition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 89, 60-64.
8. Cate, D., & Behrmann, M. (2010). Perceiving parts and shapes from concave surfaces. Attention, Perception and Psychophysics, 72, 153-167.
9. Cohen, E. H., Barenholtz, E., Singh, M., & Feldman, J. (2005). What change detection tells us about the visual representation of shape. Journal of Vision, 5(4):3, 313-321, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/5/4/3, doi:10.1167/5.4.3.
10. Cohen, E. H., & Singh, M. (2007). Geometric determinants of shape segmentation: Tests using segment identification. Vision Research, 47, 2825-2840.
11. Cristino, F., & Baddeley, R. (2009). The nature of the visual representations involved in eye movements when walking down the street. Visual Cognition, 17, 880-903.
12. Denisova, K., Singh, M., & Kowler, E. (2006). The role of part structure in the perceptual localization of shape. Perception, 35, 1073-1087.
13. De Winter, J., & Wagemans, J. (2006). Segmentation of object outlines into parts: A large-scale integrative study. Cognition, 99, 275-325.
14. Edelman, S., & Weinshall, D. (1991). A self-organizing multiple-view representation of 3-D objects. Biological Cybernetics, 64, 209-219.
15. Feldman, J., & Singh, M. (2005). Information along contours and object boundaries. Psychological Review, 112, 243-252.
16. Foster, D. H., & Gilson, S. J. (2002). Recognizing novel three-dimensional objects by summing signals from parts and views. Proceedings of the Royal Society ofLondon B: Biological Sciences, 269, 1939-1947.
17. Foulsham, T., & Underwood, G. (2007). How does the purpose of inspection influence the potency of visual saliency in scene perception? Perception, 36, 1123-1138.
18. Hayward, W. G. (1998). Effects of outline shape in object recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 427-440.
19. Hayward, W. G., Tarr, M. J., & Corderoy, A. K. (1999). Recognizing silhouettes and shaded images across depth rotation. Perception, 28, 1197-1215.
20. He, P., & Kowler, E. (1989). The role of location probability in the programming of saccades: Implications for "center-of-gravity" tendencies. Vision Research, 29, 1165-1181.
21. Henderson, J. M., Brockmole, J. R., Castelhano, M. S., & Mack, M. (2007). Visual saliency does not account for eye movements during visual search in real-world scenes. In R. van Gompel, M. Fischer, W. Murray, & R. Hill (Eds.), Eye movements: A window on mind and brain (pp. 537-562). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
22. Henderson, J. M., Williams, C. C., Castelhano, M. S., & Falk, R. J. (2003). Eye movements and picture processing during recognition. Perception & Psychophysics, 65, 725-734.
23. Hoffman, D. D., & Richards, W. A. (1984). Parts of recognition. Cognition, 18, 65-96.
24. Hoffman, D. D., & Singh, M. (1997). Salience of visual parts. Cognition, 63, 29-78.
25. Hummel, J. E., & Stankiewicz, B. J. (1996). An architecture for rapid, hierarchical structural description. In T. Inui & J. McCelland (Eds.), Attention and performance XVI: On information integration in perception and communication (pp. 93-121). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
26. Itti, L., Koch, C., & Niebur, E. (1998). A model of saliency-based visual attention for rapid scene analysis. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 20, 1254-1259.
27. Johnston, S., & Leek, E. C. (2009). Fixation region overlap: A quantitative method for the analysis of fixational eye movement patterns. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 1, 1-12.
28. Koch, C., & Ullman, S. (1985). Shifts in selective visual attention: Towards the underlying neural circuitry. Human Neurobiology, 4, 219-227.
29. Land, M., Mennie, N., & Rusted, J. (1999). The roles of vision and eye movements in the control of activities of daily living. Perception, 28, 1311-1328.
30. Leek, E. C., Reppa, I., & Arguin, M. (2005). The structure of three-dimensional object shape representations:Evidence from part-whole matching. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 668-684.
31. Leek, E. C., Reppa, I., Rodiguez, E., & Arguin, M. (2009). Surface but not volumetric part structure mediates threedimensional shape representation. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 814-829.
32. Lim, I.-S., & Leek, E. C. (in press). Curvature and the visual perception of shape: Theory on information along object boundaries and the minima rule revisited. Psychological Review.
33. Liversedge, S. P., & Findlay, J. M. (2000). Saccadic eye movements and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 6-14.
34. Lloyd-Jones, T. J., & Luckhurst, L. (2002). Outline shape is a mediator of object recognition that is particularly important for living things. Memory & Cognition, 30, 489-498.
35. Lowe, D. G. (2004). Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. International Journal of Computer Vision, 60, 91-110.
36. Mannan, S. K., Ruddock, K. H., & Wooding, D. S. (1997). Fixation patterns made during brief examination of two-dimensional images. Perception, 26, 1059-1072.
37. Manor, B. R., & Gordon, E. (2003). Defining the temporal threshold for ocular fixation in free-viewing visuocognitive tasks. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 128, 85-93.
38. Marr, D., & Nishihara, H. K. (1978). Representation and recognition of the spatial organization of threedimensional shapes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 200, 269-294.
39. Melcher, D., & Kowler, E. (1999). Shapes, surfaces and saccades. Vision Research, 39, 2929-2946.
40. Mikolajczyk, K., & Schmid, C. (2005). A performance evaluation of local descriptors. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 10, 1615-1630.
41. Rayner, K. (1995). Eye movements and cognitive processes in reading, visual search and scene perception. In J. M. Findlay, R. Walker, & R. W. Kentridge (Eds.), Eye movement research: Mechanisms, processes and applications (pp. 3-22). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
42. Renninger, L. W., Coughlan, J., & Verghese, P. (2005). An information maximization model of eye movements. In L. K. Saul, Y. Weiss, & L. Bottou (Eds.), Advances in neural information processing systems (vol. 17). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
43. Renninger, L. W., Verghese, P., & Coughlan, J. (2007). Where to look next? Eye movements reduce localuncertainty. Journal of Vision, 7(3):6, 1-17, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/7/3/6, doi:10.1167/ 7.3.6.
44. Riesenhuber, M., & Poggio, T. (1999). Hierarchical models of object recognition in cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 1019-1025.
45. Schendan, H. E., & Kutas, M. (2003). Time course of processes and representations supporting visual object identification and memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 111-135.
46. Tarr, M. J., & Bülthoff, H. H. (1998). Object recognition in man, monkey and machine. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
47. Tatler, B. W., Gilchrist, I. D., & Rusted, J. (2003). The time course of abstract visual representation. Perception, 32, 579-592.
48. Taubin, G. (1995). Estimating the tensor of curvature of a surface from a polyhedral approximation. IEEE Computer Society, 902.
49. Ullman, S. (1998) Three-dimensional object recognition based on the combination of views. In M. J. Tarr & H. H. Bülthoff (Eds.), Object recognition in man, monkey and machine (pp. 21-44). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
50. Ullman, S. (2006). Object recognition and segmentation by a fragment-based hierarchy. Trends in Cognitive Science, 11, 58-64.
51. Ullman, S., & Bart, E. (2004). Recognition invariance obtained by extended and invariant features. Neural Networks, 17, 833-848.
52. Ullman, S., & Basri, R. (1991). Recognition by linear combinations ofmodels. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 13, 992-1006.
53. Ullman, S., Vidal-Naquet, M., & Sali, E. (2002). Visual features of intermediate complexity and their use in classification. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 682-687.
54. Underwood, G., Foulsham, T., van Loon, E., Humphreys, L., & Bloyce, J. (2006). Eye movements during scene inspection: A test of the saliency hypothesis. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 18, 321-342.
55. van Gompel, R. P. G., Fischer, M. H., Murray, W. S., & Hill, R. L. (2007). Eye movements: A window on mind and brain. Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
56. Vergilino-Perez, D., & Findlay, J. (2004). Object structure and saccade planning. Cognitive Brain Research, 20, 525-528.
57. Vishwanath, D., & Kowler, E. (2004). Saccadic localization in the presence of cues to three-dimensional shape. Journal of Vision, 4(6):4, 445-458, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/4/6/4, doi:10.1167/ 4.6.4.
58. Walther, D., & Koch, C. (2006). Modeling attention to salient proto-objects. Neural Networks, 19, 1395-1407.
59. Wexler, M., & Ouarti, N. (2008). Depth affects where we look. Current Biology, 18, 1872-1876.