메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 323, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 29-40

Graviola: A novel promising natural-derived drug that inhibits tumorigenicity and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through altering cell metabolism

Author keywords

Cancer metabolism; Natural product; Pancreatic cancer; Therapy

Indexed keywords

ANNONA MURICATA EXTRACT; GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 1; GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 4; HEXOKINASE; HEXOKINASE ISOENZYME; HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1ALPHA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84861819416     PISSN: 03043835     EISSN: 18727980     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.03.031     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (158)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 84861812233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SEER Stat Fact Sheets:Pancreas
    • 10-28-2011.
    • SEER Stat Fact Sheets:Pancreas. National Cancer Institute. 10-28-2011.
    • National Cancer Institute.
  • 3
    • 78650582001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current status of molecular markers for early detection of sporadic pancreatic cancer
    • Chakraborty S., Baine M.J., Sasson A.R., Batra S.K. Current status of molecular markers for early detection of sporadic pancreatic cancer. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2011, 1815:44-64.
    • (2011) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1815 , pp. 44-64
    • Chakraborty, S.1    Baine, M.J.2    Sasson, A.R.3    Batra, S.K.4
  • 5
    • 34548801429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multimodality therapy for pancreatic cancer in the US: utilization, outcomes, and the effect of hospital volume
    • Bilimoria K.Y., Bentrem D.J., Ko C.Y., Tomlinson J.S., Stewart A.K., Winchester D.P., Talamonti M.S. Multimodality therapy for pancreatic cancer in the US: utilization, outcomes, and the effect of hospital volume. Cancer 2007, 110:1227-1234.
    • (2007) Cancer , vol.110 , pp. 1227-1234
    • Bilimoria, K.Y.1    Bentrem, D.J.2    Ko, C.Y.3    Tomlinson, J.S.4    Stewart, A.K.5    Winchester, D.P.6    Talamonti, M.S.7
  • 6
    • 67649993396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future of cancer incidence in the United States: burdens upon an aging, changing nation
    • Smith B.D., Smith G.L., Hurria A., Hortobagyi G.N., Buchholz T.A. Future of cancer incidence in the United States: burdens upon an aging, changing nation. J. Clin. Oncol. 2009, 27:2758-2765.
    • (2009) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.27 , pp. 2758-2765
    • Smith, B.D.1    Smith, G.L.2    Hurria, A.3    Hortobagyi, G.N.4    Buchholz, T.A.5
  • 13
    • 0029129524 scopus 로고
    • Tumor cell growth inhibition by several annonaceous acetogenins in an in vitro disk diffusion assay
    • Oberlies N.H., Jones J.L., Corbett T.H., Fotopoulos S.S., McLaughlin J.L. Tumor cell growth inhibition by several annonaceous acetogenins in an in vitro disk diffusion assay. Cancer Lett. 1995, 96:55-62.
    • (1995) Cancer Lett. , vol.96 , pp. 55-62
    • Oberlies, N.H.1    Jones, J.L.2    Corbett, T.H.3    Fotopoulos, S.S.4    McLaughlin, J.L.5
  • 14
    • 49049098686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paw paw and cancer: annonaceous acetogenins from discovery to commercial products
    • McLaughlin J.L. Paw paw and cancer: annonaceous acetogenins from discovery to commercial products. J. Nat. Prod. 2008, 71:1311-1321.
    • (2008) J. Nat. Prod. , vol.71 , pp. 1311-1321
    • McLaughlin, J.L.1
  • 15
    • 0842348990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro antitumor structure-activity relationships of threo/trans/threo mono-tetrahydrofuranic acetogenins: correlations with their inhibition of mitochondrial complex I
    • Tormo J.R., Royo I., Gallardo T., Zafra-Polo M.C., Hernandez P., Cortes D., Pelaez F. In vitro antitumor structure-activity relationships of threo/trans/threo mono-tetrahydrofuranic acetogenins: correlations with their inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Oncol. Res. 2003, 14:147-154.
    • (2003) Oncol. Res. , vol.14 , pp. 147-154
    • Tormo, J.R.1    Royo, I.2    Gallardo, T.3    Zafra-Polo, M.C.4    Hernandez, P.5    Cortes, D.6    Pelaez, F.7
  • 16
    • 0034910949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel cytotoxic annonaceous acetogenins from Annona muricata
    • Chang F.R., Wu Y.C. Novel cytotoxic annonaceous acetogenins from Annona muricata. J. Nat. Prod. 2001, 64:925-931.
    • (2001) J. Nat. Prod. , vol.64 , pp. 925-931
    • Chang, F.R.1    Wu, Y.C.2
  • 18
    • 77949354729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological changes and hypoglycemic effects of Annona Muricata Linn. (Annonaceae) leaf aqueous extract on pancreatic B-cells of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats
    • Adewole S.O., Caxton-Martins E.A. Morphological changes and hypoglycemic effects of Annona Muricata Linn. (Annonaceae) leaf aqueous extract on pancreatic B-cells of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. African J. Biomed. Res. 2006, 9:173-180.
    • (2006) African J. Biomed. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 173-180
    • Adewole, S.O.1    Caxton-Martins, E.A.2
  • 19
    • 77953940707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histomorphological and morphometric studies of the pancreatic islet cells of diabetic rats treated with extracts of Annona Muricata
    • Adeyemi D.O., Komolafe O.A., Adewole S.O., Obuotor E.M., Abiodum A.A., Adenowo T.K. Histomorphological and morphometric studies of the pancreatic islet cells of diabetic rats treated with extracts of Annona Muricata. Folia Morphol. 2010, 69:92-100.
    • (2010) Folia Morphol. , vol.69 , pp. 92-100
    • Adeyemi, D.O.1    Komolafe, O.A.2    Adewole, S.O.3    Obuotor, E.M.4    Abiodum, A.A.5    Adenowo, T.K.6
  • 20
    • 79953901413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and pancreatic cancer: chicken or egg?
    • Magruder J.T., Elahi D., Andersen D.K. Diabetes and pancreatic cancer: chicken or egg?. Pancreas 2011, 40:339-351.
    • (2011) Pancreas , vol.40 , pp. 339-351
    • Magruder, J.T.1    Elahi, D.2    Andersen, D.K.3
  • 21
    • 79960617317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective growth inhibition of human breast cancer cells by graviola fruit extract in vitro and in vivo involving downregulation of EGFR expression
    • Dai Y., Hogan S., Schmelz E.M., Ju Y.H., Canning C., Zhou K. Selective growth inhibition of human breast cancer cells by graviola fruit extract in vitro and in vivo involving downregulation of EGFR expression. Nutr. Cancer 2011, 63:795-801.
    • (2011) Nutr. Cancer , vol.63 , pp. 795-801
    • Dai, Y.1    Hogan, S.2    Schmelz, E.M.3    Ju, Y.H.4    Canning, C.5    Zhou, K.6
  • 23
    • 77952140698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of thymoquinone in the expression of mucin 4 in pancreatic cancer cells: implications for the development of novel cancer therapies
    • Torres M.P., Ponnusamy M.P., Chakraborty S., Smith L.M., Das S., Arafat H.A., Batra S.K. Effects of thymoquinone in the expression of mucin 4 in pancreatic cancer cells: implications for the development of novel cancer therapies. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2010, 9:1419-1431.
    • (2010) Mol. Cancer Ther. , vol.9 , pp. 1419-1431
    • Torres, M.P.1    Ponnusamy, M.P.2    Chakraborty, S.3    Smith, L.M.4    Das, S.5    Arafat, H.A.6    Batra, S.K.7
  • 24
    • 1642475141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of MUC4 expression suppresses pancreatic tumor cell growth and metastasis
    • Singh A.P., Moniaux N., Chauhan S.C., Meza J.L., Batra S.K. Inhibition of MUC4 expression suppresses pancreatic tumor cell growth and metastasis. Cancer Res. 2004, 64:622-630.
    • (2004) Cancer Res. , vol.64 , pp. 622-630
    • Singh, A.P.1    Moniaux, N.2    Chauhan, S.C.3    Meza, J.L.4    Batra, S.K.5
  • 25
    • 77953465487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaves in animal models
    • de Sousa O.V., Vieira G.D., de Jesus R.G., Yamamoto C.H., Alves M.S. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaves in animal models. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010, 11:2067-2078.
    • (2010) Int. J. Mol. Sci. , vol.11 , pp. 2067-2078
    • de Sousa, O.V.1    Vieira, G.D.2    de Jesus, R.G.3    Yamamoto, C.H.4    Alves, M.S.5
  • 26
    • 0036940855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel protein kinases in pancreatic cell growth and cancer
    • Seufferlein T. Novel protein kinases in pancreatic cell growth and cancer. Int. J. Gastrointest. Cancer 2002, 31:15-21.
    • (2002) Int. J. Gastrointest. Cancer , vol.31 , pp. 15-21
    • Seufferlein, T.1
  • 27
    • 77957164869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antitumour activity of a potent MEK inhibitor RDEA119/BAY 869766 combined with rapamycin in human orthotopic primary pancreatic cancer xenografts
    • Chang Q., Chapman M.S., Miner J.N., Hedley D.W. Antitumour activity of a potent MEK inhibitor RDEA119/BAY 869766 combined with rapamycin in human orthotopic primary pancreatic cancer xenografts. BMC. Cancer 2010, 10:515.
    • (2010) BMC. Cancer , vol.10 , pp. 515
    • Chang, Q.1    Chapman, M.S.2    Miner, J.N.3    Hedley, D.W.4
  • 28
    • 80054801886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antitumor and apoptosis-promoting properties of emodin, an anthraquinone derivative from Rheum officinale Baill, against pancreatic cancer in mice via inhibition of Akt activation
    • Wei W.T., Chen H., Ni Z.L., Liu H.B., Tong H.F., Fan L., Liu A., Qiu M.X., Liu D.L., Guo H.C., Wang Z.H., Lin S.Z. Antitumor and apoptosis-promoting properties of emodin, an anthraquinone derivative from Rheum officinale Baill, against pancreatic cancer in mice via inhibition of Akt activation. Int. J. Oncol. 2011, 39:1381-1390.
    • (2011) Int. J. Oncol. , vol.39 , pp. 1381-1390
    • Wei, W.T.1    Chen, H.2    Ni, Z.L.3    Liu, H.B.4    Tong, H.F.5    Fan, L.6    Liu, A.7    Qiu, M.X.8    Liu, D.L.9    Guo, H.C.10    Wang, Z.H.11    Lin, S.Z.12
  • 29
    • 37449024702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biology of cancer: metabolic reprogramming fuels cell growth and proliferation
    • DeBerardinis R.J., Lum J.J., Hatzivassiliou G., Thompson C.B. The biology of cancer: metabolic reprogramming fuels cell growth and proliferation. Cell Metab. 2008, 7:11-20.
    • (2008) Cell Metab. , vol.7 , pp. 11-20
    • DeBerardinis, R.J.1    Lum, J.J.2    Hatzivassiliou, G.3    Thompson, C.B.4
  • 30
    • 44449147036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor cell metabolism: cancer's Achilles' heel
    • Kroemer G., Pouyssegur J. Tumor cell metabolism: cancer's Achilles' heel. Cancer Cell 2008, 13:472-482.
    • (2008) Cancer Cell , vol.13 , pp. 472-482
    • Kroemer, G.1    Pouyssegur, J.2
  • 32
    • 0037189542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 activation by aerobic glycolysis implicates the Warburg effect in carcinogenesis
    • Lu H., Forbes R.A., Verma A. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 activation by aerobic glycolysis implicates the Warburg effect in carcinogenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:23111-23115.
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.277 , pp. 23111-23115
    • Lu, H.1    Forbes, R.A.2    Verma, A.3
  • 34
    • 78650903440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hypoxia-dependent upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 by nuclear factor-kappaB promotes gastric tumour growth and angiogenesis
    • Nam S.Y., Ko Y.S., Jung J., Yoon J., Kim Y.H., Choi Y.J., Park J.W., Chang M.S., Kim W.H., Lee B.L. A hypoxia-dependent upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 by nuclear factor-kappaB promotes gastric tumour growth and angiogenesis. Br. J. Cancer 2011, 104:166-174.
    • (2011) Br. J. Cancer , vol.104 , pp. 166-174
    • Nam, S.Y.1    Ko, Y.S.2    Jung, J.3    Yoon, J.4    Kim, Y.H.5    Choi, Y.J.6    Park, J.W.7    Chang, M.S.8    Kim, W.H.9    Lee, B.L.10
  • 35
    • 33751169387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)
    • Ke Q., Costa M. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Mol. Pharmacol. 2006, 70:1469-1480.
    • (2006) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.70 , pp. 1469-1480
    • Ke, Q.1    Costa, M.2
  • 36
    • 69249155033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclin D1 degradation is sufficient to induce G1 cell cycle arrest despite constitutive expression of cyclin E2 in ovarian cancer cells
    • Masamha C.P., Benbrook D.M. Cyclin D1 degradation is sufficient to induce G1 cell cycle arrest despite constitutive expression of cyclin E2 in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2009, 69:6565-6572.
    • (2009) Cancer Res. , vol.69 , pp. 6565-6572
    • Masamha, C.P.1    Benbrook, D.M.2
  • 37
    • 0026538371 scopus 로고
    • Actin structural proteins in cell motility
    • Cunningham C.C. Actin structural proteins in cell motility. Cancer Met. Rev. 1992, 11:69-77.
    • (1992) Cancer Met. Rev. , vol.11 , pp. 69-77
    • Cunningham, C.C.1
  • 38
    • 82755184126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cell migration by dynamic microtubules
    • Kaverina I., Straube A. Regulation of cell migration by dynamic microtubules. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol 2011, 22:968-974.
    • (2011) Semin. Cell Dev. Biol , vol.22 , pp. 968-974
    • Kaverina, I.1    Straube, A.2
  • 39
    • 0028609124 scopus 로고
    • ATP depletion: a novel method to study junctional properties in epithelial tissues. I. Rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton
    • Bacallao R., Garfinkel A., Monke S., Zampighi G., Mandel L.J. ATP depletion: a novel method to study junctional properties in epithelial tissues. I. Rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. J. Cell Sci. 1994, 107(Pt 12):3301-3313.
    • (1994) J. Cell Sci. , vol.107 , Issue.PART 12 , pp. 3301-3313
    • Bacallao, R.1    Garfinkel, A.2    Monke, S.3    Zampighi, G.4    Mandel, L.J.5
  • 40
    • 44449128533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the mechanisms of action of the novel microtubule inhibitor vinflunine
    • Jordan M.A., Horwitz S.B., Lobert S., Correia J.J. Exploring the mechanisms of action of the novel microtubule inhibitor vinflunine. Semin. Oncol. 2008, 35:S6-S12.
    • (2008) Semin. Oncol. , vol.35
    • Jordan, M.A.1    Horwitz, S.B.2    Lobert, S.3    Correia, J.J.4
  • 41
    • 79959971564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal adhesion kinase and its signaling pathways in cell migration and angiogenesis
    • Zhao X., Guan J.L. Focal adhesion kinase and its signaling pathways in cell migration and angiogenesis. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2011, 63:610-615.
    • (2011) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. , vol.63 , pp. 610-615
    • Zhao, X.1    Guan, J.L.2
  • 42
    • 0035479845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matrix metalloproteinases: they're not just for matrix anymore!
    • McCawley L.J., Matrisian L.M. Matrix metalloproteinases: they're not just for matrix anymore!. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2001, 13:534-540.
    • (2001) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 534-540
    • McCawley, L.J.1    Matrisian, L.M.2
  • 43
    • 70349653064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic cancer cells resistance to gemcitabine: the role of MUC4 mucin
    • Bafna S., Kaur S., Momi N., Batra S.K. Pancreatic cancer cells resistance to gemcitabine: the role of MUC4 mucin. Br. J. Cancer 2009, 101:1155-1161.
    • (2009) Br. J. Cancer , vol.101 , pp. 1155-1161
    • Bafna, S.1    Kaur, S.2    Momi, N.3    Batra, S.K.4
  • 44
    • 34248218177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MUC4 mucin potentiates pancreatic tumor cell proliferation, survival, and invasive properties and interferes with its interaction to extracellular matrix proteins
    • Chaturvedi P., Singh A.P., Moniaux N., Senapati S., Chakraborty S., Meza J.L., Batra S.K. MUC4 mucin potentiates pancreatic tumor cell proliferation, survival, and invasive properties and interferes with its interaction to extracellular matrix proteins. Mol. Cancer. Res. 2007, 5:309-320.
    • (2007) Mol. Cancer. Res. , vol.5 , pp. 309-320
    • Chaturvedi, P.1    Singh, A.P.2    Moniaux, N.3    Senapati, S.4    Chakraborty, S.5    Meza, J.L.6    Batra, S.K.7
  • 48
    • 79952264205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia induced tumor metabolic switch contributes to pancreatic cancer aggressiveness
    • Vasseur S., Tomasini R., Tournaire R., Iovanna J.L. Hypoxia induced tumor metabolic switch contributes to pancreatic cancer aggressiveness. Cancers 2010, 2:2138-2152.
    • (2010) Cancers , vol.2 , pp. 2138-2152
    • Vasseur, S.1    Tomasini, R.2    Tournaire, R.3    Iovanna, J.L.4
  • 49
    • 2942615346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of hypoxia and neoangiogenesis on the growth of pancreatic cancer
    • Duffy J.P., Eibl G., Reber H.A., Hines O.J. Influence of hypoxia and neoangiogenesis on the growth of pancreatic cancer. Mol. Cancer 2003, 2:12.
    • (2003) Mol. Cancer , vol.2 , pp. 12
    • Duffy, J.P.1    Eibl, G.2    Reber, H.A.3    Hines, O.J.4
  • 50
    • 1842583652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia increases resistance of human pancreatic cancer cells to apoptosis induced by gemcitabine
    • Yokoi K., Fidler I.J. Hypoxia increases resistance of human pancreatic cancer cells to apoptosis induced by gemcitabine. Clin. Cancer Res. 2004, 10:2299-2306.
    • (2004) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.10 , pp. 2299-2306
    • Yokoi, K.1    Fidler, I.J.2
  • 51
    • 0035866784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia activates a platelet-derived growth factor receptor/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway that results in glycogen synthase kinase-3 inactivation
    • Chen E.Y., Mazure N.M., Cooper J.A., Giaccia A.J. Hypoxia activates a platelet-derived growth factor receptor/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway that results in glycogen synthase kinase-3 inactivation. Cancer Res. 2001, 61:2429-2433.
    • (2001) Cancer Res. , vol.61 , pp. 2429-2433
    • Chen, E.Y.1    Mazure, N.M.2    Cooper, J.A.3    Giaccia, A.J.4
  • 52
    • 37549056216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roles of therapy-induced autophagy and necrosis in cancer treatment
    • Amaravadi R.K., Thompson C.B. The roles of therapy-induced autophagy and necrosis in cancer treatment. Clin. Cancer Res. 2007, 13:7271-7279.
    • (2007) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.13 , pp. 7271-7279
    • Amaravadi, R.K.1    Thompson, C.B.2
  • 53
    • 0030915587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular ATP levels determine cell death fate by apoptosis or necrosis
    • Eguchi Y., Shimizu S., Tsujimoto Y. Intracellular ATP levels determine cell death fate by apoptosis or necrosis. Cancer Res. 1997, 57:1835-1840.
    • (1997) Cancer Res. , vol.57 , pp. 1835-1840
    • Eguchi, Y.1    Shimizu, S.2    Tsujimoto, Y.3
  • 54
    • 0030900980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration: a switch in the decision between apoptosis and necrosis
    • Leist M., Single B., Castoldi A.F., Kuhnle S., Nicotera P. Intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration: a switch in the decision between apoptosis and necrosis. J. Exp. Med. 1997, 185:1481-1486.
    • (1997) J. Exp. Med. , vol.185 , pp. 1481-1486
    • Leist, M.1    Single, B.2    Castoldi, A.F.3    Kuhnle, S.4    Nicotera, P.5
  • 55
    • 33749178260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necrosis, a well-orchestrated form of cell demise: signalling cascades, important mediators and concomitant immune response
    • Festjens N., Vanden Berghe T., Vandenabeele P. Necrosis, a well-orchestrated form of cell demise: signalling cascades, important mediators and concomitant immune response. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2006, 1757:1371-1387.
    • (2006) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1757 , pp. 1371-1387
    • Festjens, N.1    Vanden Berghe, T.2    Vandenabeele, P.3
  • 56
    • 33846018602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell death by necrosis: towards a molecular definition
    • Golstein P., Kroemer G. Cell death by necrosis: towards a molecular definition. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2007, 32:37-43.
    • (2007) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 37-43
    • Golstein, P.1    Kroemer, G.2
  • 57
    • 33746879141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycolysis inhibition for anticancer treatment
    • Pelicano H., Martin D.S., Xu R.H., Huang P. Glycolysis inhibition for anticancer treatment. Oncogene 2006, 25:4633-4646.
    • (2006) Oncogene , vol.25 , pp. 4633-4646
    • Pelicano, H.1    Martin, D.S.2    Xu, R.H.3    Huang, P.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.