CXCL13 is the major determinant for B cell recruitment to the CSF during neuroinflammation

Journal of Neuroinflammation

Volumn 9, Issue , 2012, Pages

  Kowarik, Markus C ^a   Cepok, Sabine ^a   Sellner, Johann ^a   Grummel, Verena ^a   Weber, Martin S ^a   Korn, Thomas ^a   Berthele, Achim ^a   Hemmer, Bernhard ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

APRIL; B cells and plasmablasts; BAFF; CCL19; CCL21; CXCL12; CXCL13

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; APRIL PROTEIN; B CELL ACTIVATING FACTOR; CXCL13 CHEMOKINE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 3BETA; STROMAL CELL DERIVED FACTOR 1;

ADULT; ARTICLE; B LYMPHOCYTE; CELL MIGRATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FEMALE; FLOW CYTOMETRY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IMMUNOGLOBULIN PRODUCTION; LYME DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEPHELOMETRY; NERVOUS SYSTEM INFLAMMATION; PROTEIN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID LEVEL;

EID: 84861009594     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17422094     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-93     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Pashenkov M, Soderstrom M, Link H. Secondary lymphoid organ chemokines are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid during central nervous system inflammation. J Neuroimmunol 2003, 135:154-160. 10.1016/S0165-5728(02)00441-1, 12576236.
2. Brandes M, Legler DF, Spoerri B, Schaerli P, Moser B. Activation-dependent modulation of B lymphocyte migration to chemokines. Int Immunol 2000, 12:1285-1292. 10.1093/intimm/12.9.1285, 10967023.
3. Zlotnik A, Morales J, Hedrick JA. Recent advances in chemokines and chemokine receptors. Crit Rev Immunol 1999, 19:1-47.
4. Aloisi F, Columba-Cabezas S, Franciotta D, Rosicarelli B, Magliozzi R, Reynolds R, Ambrosini E, Coccia E, Salvetti M, Serafini B. Lymphoid chemokines in chronic neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmunol 2008, 198:106-112. 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.04.025, 18539341.
5. Legler DF, Loetscher M, Roos RS, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Moser B. B cell-attracting chemokine 1, a human CXC chemokine expressed in lymphoid tissues, selectively attracts B lymphocytes via BLR1/CXCR5. J Exp Med 1998, 187:655-660. 10.1084/jem.187.4.655, 2212150, 9463416.
6. Ansel KM, Ngo VN, Hyman PL, Luther SA, Forster R, Sedgwick JD, Browning JL, Lipp M, Cyster JG. A chemokine-driven positive feedback loop organizes lymphoid follicles. Nature 2000, 406:309-314. 10.1038/35018581, 10917533.
7. Moser B, Schaerli P, Loetscher P. CXCR5(+) T cells: follicular homing takes center stage in T-helper-cell responses. Trends Immunol 2002, 23:250-254. 10.1016/S1471-4906(02)02218-4, 12102746.
8. Serafini B, Rosicarelli B, Magliozzi R, Stigliano E, Aloisi F. Detection of ectopic B-cell follicles with germinal centers in the meninges of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain Pathol 2004, 14:164-174. 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00049.x, 15193029.
9. Magliozzi R, Columba-Cabezas S, Serafini B, Aloisi F. Intracerebral expression of CXCL13 and BAFF is accompanied by formation of lymphoid follicle-like structures in the meninges of mice with relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2004, 148:11-23. 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.10.056, 14975582.
10. Krumbholz M, Theil D, Cepok S, Hemmer B, Kivisakk P, Ransohoff RM, Hofbauer M, Farina C, Derfuss T, Hartle C, Newcombe J, Hohlfeld R, Meinl E. Chemokines in multiple sclerosis: CXCL12 and CXCL13 up-regulation is differentially linked to CNS immune cell recruitment. Brain 2006, 129:200-211.
11. Rupprecht TA, Plate A, Adam M, Wick M, Kastenbauer S, Schmidt C, Klein M, Pfister HW, Koedel U. The chemokine CXCL13 is a key regulator of B cell recruitment to the cerebrospinal fluid in acute Lyme neuroborreliosis. J Neuroinflammation 2009, 6:42. 10.1186/1742-2094-6-42, 2811704, 20042073.
12. Brettschneider J, Czerwoniak A, Senel M, Fang L, Kassubek J, Pinkhardt E, Lauda F, Kapfer T, Jesse S, Lehmensiek V, Ludolph AC, Otto M, Tumani H. The chemokine CXCL13 is a prognostic marker in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). PLoS One 2010, 5:e11986. 10.1371/journal.pone.0011986, 2916843, 20700489.
13. Khademi M, Kockum I, Andersson ML, Iacobaeus E, Brundin L, Sellebjerg F, Hillert J, Piehl F, Olsson T. Cerebrospinal fluid CXCL13 in multiple sclerosis: a suggestive prognostic marker for the disease course. Mult Scler 2011, 17:335-343. 10.1177/1352458510389102, 21135023.
14. Sellebjerg F, Bornsen L, Khademi M, Krakauer M, Olsson T, Frederiksen JL, Sorensen PS. Increased cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of the chemokine CXCL13 in active MS. Neurology 2009, 73:2003-2010. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c5b457, 19996075.
15. Schmidt C, Plate A, Angele B, Pfister H-W, Wick M, Koede U, Rupprecht TA. A prospective study on the role of CXCL13 in Lyme neuroborreliosis. Neurology 2011, 76:1051-1058. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318211c39a, 21422457.
16. Senel M, Rupprecht TA, Tunami H, Pfister HW, Ludolph AC, Brettschneider J. The chemokine CXCL13 in acute neuroborreliosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010, 81:929-933. 10.1136/jnnp.2009.195438, 19965843.
17. Van Burgel ND, Bakels F, Kroes ACM, van Dam AP. Disrciminating Lyme Neuroborreliosis from other Neuroinflammatory diseases by levels of CXCL13 in cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Microbiol 2011, 49:2027-2030. 10.1128/JCM.00084-11, 3122636, 21367992.
18. Bleul CC, Fuhlbrigge RC, Casasnovas JM, Aiuti A, Springer TA. A highly efficacious lymphocyte chemoattractant, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1). J Exp Med 1996, 184:1101-1109. 10.1084/jem.184.3.1101, 2192798, 9064327.
19. Lazarini F, Tham TN, Casanova P, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Dubois-Dalcq M. Role of the alpha-chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1) in the developing and mature central nervous system. Glia 2003, 42:139-148. 10.1002/glia.10139, 12655598.
20. Cyster JG. Chemokines and cell migration in secondary lymphoid organs. Science 1999, 286:2098-2102. 10.1126/science.286.5447.2098, 10617422.
21. Sallusto F, Langenkamp A, Geginat J, Lanzavecchia A. Functional subsets of memory T cells identified by CCR7 expression. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2000, 251:167-171. 10.1007/978-3-642-57276-0_21, 11036772.
22. Krumbholz M, Theil D, Steinmeyer F, Cepok S, Hemmer B, Hofbauer M, Farina C, Derfuss T, Junker A, Arzberger T, Sinicina I, Hartle C, Newcombe J, Hohlfeld R, Meinl E. CCL19 is constitutively expressed in the CNS, up-regulated in neuroinflammation, active and also inactive multiple sclerosis lesions. J Neuroimmunol 2007, 190:72-79. 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.07.024, 17825430.
23. Mackay F, Silveira PA, Brink R. B cells and the BAFF/APRIL axis: fast-forward on autoimmunity and signaling. Curr Opin Immunol 2007, 19:327-336. 10.1016/j.coi.2007.04.008, 17433868.
24. Schneider P, MacKay F, Steiner V, Hofmann K, Bodmer JL, Holler N, Ambrose C, Lawton P, Bixler S, Acha-Orbea H, Valmori D, Romero P, Werner-Favre C, Zubler RH, Browning JL, Tschopp J. BAFF, a novel ligand of the tumor necrosis factor family, stimulates B cell growth. J Exp Med 1999, 189:1747-1756. 10.1084/jem.189.11.1747, 2193079, 10359578.
25. Krumbholz M, Theil D, Derfuss T, Rosenwald A, Schrader F, Monoranu CM, Kalled SL, Hess DM, Serafini B, Aloisi F, Wekerle H, Hohlfeld R, Meinl E. BAFF is produced by astrocytes and up-regulated in multiple sclerosis lesions and primary central nervous system lymphoma. J Exp Med 2005, 201:195-200. 10.1084/jem.20041674, 2212784, 15642740.
26. Thangarajh M, Gomes A, Masterman T, Hillert J, Hjelmstrom P. Expression of B-cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) and its receptors in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2004, 152:183-190. 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.03.017, 15223251.
27. Thangarajh M, Masterman T, Rot U, Duvefelt K, Brynedal B, Karrenbauer VD, Hillert J. Increased levels of APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand) mRNA in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2005, 167:210-214. 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.06.024, 16087247.
28. Thangarajh M, Masterman T, Hillert J, Jonsson R. A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) is expressed by astrocytes and is increased in multiple sclerosis. Scand J Immunol 2006, 65:92-98.
29. Teunissen CE, Petzold A, Bennett JL, Berven FS, Brundin L, Comabella M, Franciotta D, Frederiksen JL, Fleming JO, Furlan R, Hintzen RQ, Hughes SG, Johnson MH, Krasulova E, Kuhle J, Magnone MC, Rajda C, Rejdak K, Schmidt HK, van Pesch V, Waubant E, Wolf C, Giovannoni G, Hemmer B, Tumani H, Deisenhammer F. A consensus protocol for the standardization of cerebrospinal fluid collection and biobanking. Neurology 2009, 73:1914-1922. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c47cc2, 2839806, 19949037.
30. Reiber H, Peter JB. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis: disease-related data patterns and evaluation programs. J Neurol Sci 2001, 184:101-122. 10.1016/S0022-510X(00)00501-3, 11239944.
31. Kowarik MC, Pellkofer HL, Cepok S, Korn T, Kümpfel T, Buck D, Hohlfeld R, Berthele A, Hemmer B. Differential effects offingolimod (FTY720) on immune cells in the CSF and blood of MS patients. Neurology 2011, 76:1214-1221. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182143564, 21464424.