Role of mineralocorticoid receptor in insulin resistance

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 168-175

  Garg, Rajesh ^a   Adler, Gail K ^a  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

aldosterone; insulin resistance; mineralocorticoid receptor; obesity

Indexed keywords

ADIPONECTIN; ALDOSTERONE; INSULIN RECEPTOR; MINERALOCORTICOID; MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONIST; MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY WEIGHT; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DYSLIPIDEMIA; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HORMONE ACTION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INFLAMMATION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; RACE; REVIEW; SODIUM RESTRICTION;

ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS; BLOOD PRESSURE; HUMANS; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; HYPERTENSION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LIPID METABOLISM; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RECEPTORS, MINERALOCORTICOID;

EID: 84860729652     PISSN: 1752296X     EISSN: 17522978     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0b013e3283533955     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:709-717. (Pubitemid 29407370)
2. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:1309-1321. (Pubitemid 36384098)
3. Mehdi UF, Adams-Huet B, Raskin P, et al. Addition of angiotensin receptor blockade or mineralocorticoid antagonism to maximal angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20:2641-2650.
4. Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H, et al. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:11-21.
5. Epstein M, Williams GH, Weinberger M, et al. Selective aldosterone blockade with eplerenone reduces albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 1:940-951.
6. Licata G, Scaglione R, Ganguzza A, et al. Central obesity and hypertension. Relationship between fasting serum insulin, plasma renin activity, and diastolic blood pressure in young obese subjects. Am J Hypertens 1994; 7:314-320. (Pubitemid 24138016)
7. Bentley-Lewis R, Adler GK, Perlstein T, et al. Body mass index predicts aldosterone production in normotensive adults on a high-salt diet. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:4472-4475. (Pubitemid 350074772)
8. Ikeda T, Gomi T, Hirawa N, et al. Improvement of insulin sensitivity contributes to blood pressure reduction after weight loss in hypertensive subjects with obesity. Hypertension 1996; 27:1180-1186. (Pubitemid 26140677)
9. Fogari R, Zoppi A, Corradi L, et al. Effect of body weight loss and normalization on blood pressure in overweight nonobese patients with stage 1 hypertension. Hypertens Res 2010; 33:236-242.
10. Ruano M, Silvestre V, Castro R, et al. Morbid obesity, hypertensive disease and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. Obes Surg 2005; 15:670-676. (Pubitemid 40847958)
11. Dall'Asta C, Vedani P, Manunta P, et al. Effect of weight loss through laparoscopic gastric banding on blood pressure, plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels in morbid obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009; 19:110-114.
12. Goodfriend TL, Egan BM, Kelley DE. Plasma aldosterone, plasma lipoproteins, obesity and insulin resistance in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1999; 60:401-405. (Pubitemid 29401800)
13. Florian JP, Pawelczyk JA. Sympathetic and haemodynamic responses to lipids in healthy human ageing. Exp Physiol 2010; 95:486-497.
14. Nguyen Dinh Cat A, Briones AM, Callera GE, et al. Adipocyte-derived factors regulate vascular smooth muscle cells through mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors. Hypertension 2011; 58:479-488.
15. Lind L, Reneland R, Andersson PE, et al. Insulin resistance in essential hypertension is related to plasmarenin activity. JHumHypertens 1998; 12:379-382. (Pubitemid 28349697)
16. Goodfriend TL, Egan B, Stepniakowski K, Ball DL. Relationships among plasma aldosterone, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin in humans. Hypertension 1995; 25:30-36.
17. Colussi G, Catena C, Lapenna R, et al. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are related to plasma aldosterone levels in hypertensive patients. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:2349-2354. (Pubitemid 47359046)
18. Lind L, Lithell H, Wide L, Ljunghall S. Metabolic cardiovascular risk factors and the renin-aldosterone system in essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 1992; 6:27-29.
19. Garg R, Hurwitz S, Williams GH, et al. Aldosterone production and insulin resistance in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:1986-1990.
20. Huan Y, Deloach S, Keith SW, et al. Aldosterone and aldosterone: renin ratio associations with insulin resistance and blood pressure in African Americans. J Am Soc Hypertens 2012; 6:56-65.
21. Kumagai E, Adachi H, Jacobs DR Jr, et al. Plasma aldosterone levels and development of insulin resistance: prospective study in a general population. Hypertension 2011; 58:1043-1048.
22. Tirosh A, Garg R, Adler GK. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep 2010; 12:252-257.
23. Sowers JR, Whaley-Connell A, Epstein M. Narrative review: the emerging clinical implications of the role of aldosterone in the metabolic syndrome and resistant hypertension. Ann Intern Med 2009; 150:776-783.
24. Ingelsson E, Pencina MJ, Tofler GH, et al. Multimarker approach to evaluate the incidence of the metabolic syndrome and longitudinal changes in metabolic risk factors: the Framingham Offspring Study. Circulation 2007; 116:984-992. (Pubitemid 47329563)
25. Kidambi S, Kotchen JM, Grim CE, et al. Association of adrenal steroids with hypertension and the metabolic syndrome in blacks. Hypertension 2007; 49:704-711.
26. Kidambi S, Kotchen JM, Krishnaswami S, et al. Hypertension, insulin resistance, and aldosterone: sex-specific relationships. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2009; 11:130-137.
27. Ranade K, Wu KD, Risch N, et al. Genetic variation in aldosterone synthase predicts plasma glucose levels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:13219-13224. (Pubitemid 33051343)
28. Li XM, Ling Y, Lu DR, et al. Association of the aldosterone synthase gene-344T>C polymorphism with essential hypertension and glucose homeostasis: a case-control study in a Han Chinese population. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 38:598-604.
29. Bellili NM, Foucan L, Fumeron F, et al. Associations of the-344 T>C and the 3097 G>A polymorphisms of CYP11B2 gene with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in a French population. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:660-667.
30. Schlemm L, Haumann HM, Ziegner M, et al. New evidence for the fetal insulin hypothesis: fetal angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism is associated with birth weight and elevated fetal total glycated hemoglobin at birth. J Hypertens 2010; 28:732-739.
31. Bonzo JA, Patterson AD, Krausz KW, Gonzalez FJ. Metabolomics identifies novel Hnf1alpha-dependent physiological pathways in vivo. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:2343-2355.
32. Mosso LM, Carvajal CA, Maiz A, et al. A possible association between primary aldosteronism and a lower beta-cell function. J Hypertens 2007; 25:2125-2130. (Pubitemid 47476311)
33. Giacchetti G, Ronconi V, Turchi F, et al. Aldosterone as a key mediator of the cardiometabolic syndrome in primary aldosteronism: an observational study. J Hypertens 2007; 25:177-186. (Pubitemid 44885680)
34. Catena C, Lapenna R, Baroselli S, et al. Insulin sensitivity in patients with primary aldosteronism: a follow-up study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:3457-3463. (Pubitemid 44402119)
35. Sindelka G, Widimsky J, Haas T, et al. Insulin action in primary hyperaldosteronism before and after surgical or pharmacological treatment. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2000; 108:21-25. (Pubitemid 30160431)
36. Fallo F, Della Mea P, Sonino N, et al. Adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in primary aldosteronism. Am J Hypertens 2007; 20:855-861. (Pubitemid 47176347)
37. Ronconi V, Turchi F, Rilli S, et al.Metabolic syndrome in primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension: relationship to adiponectin gene variants. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 20:93-100.
38. Fallo F, Dalla Pozza A, Tecchio M, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in primary aldosteronism: a pilot study. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:2-5.
39. Polyzos SA, Kountouras J, Zafeiriadou E, Patsiaoura K, Katsiki E, Deretzi G, et al. Effect of spironolactone and vitamin E on serum metabolic parameters and insulin resistance in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2011;12:498-503.
40. Garg R, Williams GH, Hurwitz S, et al. Low-salt diet increases insulin resistance in healthy subjects. Metabolism 2011; 60:965-968.
41. Townsend RR, Kapoor S, McFadden CB. Salt intake and insulin sensitivity in healthy human volunteers. Clin Sci (Lond) 2007; 113:141-148. (Pubitemid 47237911)
42. Yatabe MS, Yatabe J, Yoneda M, et al. Salt sensitivity is associated with insulin resistance, sympathetic overactivity, and decreased suppression of circulating renin activity in lean patients with essential hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92:77-82.
43. Egan BM, Stepniakowski K, Goodfriend TL. Renin and aldosterone are higher and the hyperinsulinemic effect of salt restriction greater in subjects with risk factors clustering. Am J Hypertens 1994; 7 (10 Pt 1):886-893. (Pubitemid 24349058)
44. Nakandakare ER, Charf AM, Santos FC, et al. Dietary salt restriction increases plasma lipoprotein and inflammatory marker concentrations in hypertensive patients. Atherosclerosis 2008; 200:410-416.
45. Srikumar N, Brown NJ, Hopkins PN, et al. PAI-1 in human hypertension: relation to hypertensive groups. Am J Hypertens 2002; 15:683-690. (Pubitemid 34804273)
46. Vaidya A, Forman JP, Underwood PC, et al. The influence of body mass index and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity on the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and adiponectin in Caucasian men. Eur J Endocrinol 2011; 164:995-1002.
47. Lely AT, Krikken JA, Bakker SJ, et al. Low dietary sodium and exogenous angiotensin II infusion decrease plasma adiponectin concentrations in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:1821-1826. (Pubitemid 46997195)
48. Ekinci EI, Clarke S, Thomas MC, et al. Dietary salt intake and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011; 34:703-709.
49. Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Kuznetsova T, Thijs L, et al. Fatal and nonfatal outcomes, incidence of hypertension, and blood pressure changes in relation to urinary sodium excretion. JAMA 2011; 305:1777-1785.
50. Thomas MC, Moran J, Forsblom C, et al. The Association Between Dietary Sodium Intake, ESRD, and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011; 34:861-866.
51. Taylor RS, Ashton KE, MoxhamT, et al. Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Cochrane review). Am J Hypertens 2011; 24:843-853.
52. Appel LJ, Frohlich ED, Hall JE, et al. The importance of population-wide sodium reduction as a means to prevent cardiovascular disease and stroke: a call to action from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011; 123:1138-1143.
53. Campion J, Maestro B, Molero S, et al. Aldosterone impairs insulin responsiveness in U-937 human promonocytic cells via the downregulation of its own receptor. Cell Biochem Funct 2002; 20:237-245.
54. Campion J, Maestro B, Mata F, et al. Inhibition by aldosterone of insulin receptor mRNA levels and insulin binding in U-937 human promonocytic cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1999; 70:211-218. (Pubitemid 29528432)
55. Wada T, Ohshima S, Fujisawa E, et al. Aldosterone inhibits insulin-induced glucose uptake by degradation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 and IRS2 via a reactive oxygen species-mediated pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Endocrinology 2009; 150:1662-1669.
56. Kraus D, Jager J, Meier B, et al. Aldosterone inhibits uncoupling protein-1, induces insulin resistance, and stimulates proinflammatory adipokines in adipocytes. Horm Metab Res 2005; 37:455-459. (Pubitemid 41081228)
57. Hirata A, Maeda N, Hiuge A, et al. Blockade of mineralocorticoid receptor reverses adipocyte dysfunction and insulin resistance in obese mice. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 84:164-172.
58. Hitomi H, Kiyomoto H, Nishiyama A, et al. Aldosterone suppresses insulin signaling via the downregulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 2007; 50:750-755. (Pubitemid 47442741)
59. Dandona P, Mohanty P, Ghanim H, et al. The suppressive effect of dietary restriction and weight loss in the obese on the generation of reactive oxygen species by leukocytes, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:355-362. (Pubitemid 32109818)
60. Gilbert KC, Brown NJ. Aldosterone and inflammation. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010; 17:199-204.
61. Guo C, Ricchiuti V, Lian BQ, et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade reverses obesity-related changes in expression of adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and proinflammatory adipokines. Circulation 2008; 117:2253-2261.
62. Li P, Zhang XN, Pan CM, et al. Aldosterone perturbs adiponectin and PAI-1 expression and secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:464-469.
63. Ndisang JF, Jadhav A. The heme oxygenase system attenuates pancreatic lesions and improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in deoxycorticosterone acetate hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 298:R211-R223.
64. Ndisang JF, Lane N, Jadhav A. The heme oxygenase system abates hyperglycemia in Zucker diabetic fatty rats by potentiating insulin-sensitizing pathways. Endocrinology 2009; 150:2098-2108.
65. Lastra G, Whaley-Connell A, Manrique C, et al. Low-dose spironolactone reduces reactive oxygen species generation and improves insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle in the TG(mRen2)27 rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 295:E110-E116.
66. Selvaraj J, Muthusamy T, Srinivasan C, Balasubramanian K. Impact of excess aldosterone on glucose homeostasis in adult male rat. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 407:51-57.
67. Atkins KB, Johns D, Watts S, et al. Decreased vascular glucose transporter expression and glucose uptake in DOCA-salt hypertension. J Hypertens 2001; 19:1581-1587. (Pubitemid 32783775)
68. Osanai T, Tanaka M, Magota K, et al. Coupling factor 6-induced activation of ecto-F(1)F (o) complex induces insulin resistance, mild glucose intolerance and elevated blood pressure in mice. Diabetologia 2012; 55:520-529.
69. Caprio M, Feve B, Claes A, et al. Pivotal role of the mineralocorticoid receptor in corticosteroid-induced adipogenesis. FASEB J 2007; 21: 2185-2194. (Pubitemid 47026453)
70. Luther JM, Luo P, Kreger MT, et al. Aldosterone decreases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo in mice and in murine islets. Diabetologia 2011; 54:2152-2163.
71. Wada T, Kenmochi H, Miyashita Y, et al. Spironolactone improves glucose and lipid metabolism by ameliorating hepatic steatosis and inflammation and suppressing enhanced gluconeogenesis induced by high-fat and highfructose diet. Endocrinology 2010; 151:2040-2049.
72. Whaley-Connell A, Habibi J, Wei Y, et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism attenuates glomerular filtration barrier remodeling in the transgenic Ren2 rat. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F1013-F1022.
73. Guo C, Martinez-Vasquez D, Mendez GP, et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist reduces renal injury in rodent models of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinology 2006; 147:5363-5373. (Pubitemid 44790591)
74. Schafer A, Vogt C, Fraccarollo D, et al. Eplerenone improves vascular function and reduces platelet activation in diabetic rats. J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 61:45-52.
75. Mejia-Montilla J, Reyna-Villasmil E, Torres-Cepeda D, et al. Plasma renin and aldosterone levels in obese and nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrinol Nutr 2012; 59:21-27.
76. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Economou FN, Livadas S, et al. Hyperreninemia characterizing women with polycystic ovary syndrome improves after metformin therapy. Kidney Blood Press Res 2009; 32:24-31.
77. Menon DV, Arbique D, Wang Z, et al. Differential effects of chlorthalidone versus spironolactone on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in hypertensive patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:1361-1366.
78. McMurray JJ, Holman RR, Haffner SM, et al. Effect of valsartan on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:1477-1490.