Individualization of cancer treatment from radiotherapy perspective

Molecular Oncology

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 211-221

  Yaromina, Ala ^a   Krause, Mechthild ^a   Baumann, Michael ^a  

^a Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf   (Germany)

Author keywords

Individualized treatment; Predictive biomarker; Radiotherapy

Indexed keywords

CETUXIMAB; CISPLATIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; MISONIDAZOLE; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; NIMORAZOLE; PIMONIDAZOLE; TIRAPAZAMINE; TUMOR MARKER;

CANCER GENETICS; CANCER PATIENT; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER STEM CELL; CANCER THERAPY; CELL METABOLISM; CHEMORADIOTHERAPY; DNA REPAIR; DOSE RESPONSE; HEAD AND NECK CANCER; HEAD AND NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; HUMAN; HYPOXIA; INDIVIDUALIZATION; ONCOLOGY; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOSENSITIVITY; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

EID: 84860464818     PISSN: 15747891     EISSN: 18780261     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.01.007     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. Abramyuk A., Tokalov S., Zophel K., Koch A., Szluha Lazanyi K., Gillham C., Herrmann T., Abolmaali N. Is pre-therapeutical FDG-PET/CT capable to detect high risk tumor subvolumes responsible for local failure in non-small cell lung cancer?. Radiother Oncol 2009, 91:399-404.
2. Aerts H.J., van Baardwijk A.A., Petit S.F., Offermann C., Loon J., Houben R., Dingemans A.M., Wanders R., Boersma L., Borger J., Bootsma G., Geraedts W., Pitz C., Simons J., Wouters B.G., Oellers M., Lambin P., Bosmans G., Dekker A.L., De Ruysscher D. Identification of residual metabolic-active areas within individual NSCLC tumours using a pre-radiotherapy (18)Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET-CT scan. Radiother Oncol 2009, 91:386-392.
3. Albert J.M., Cao C., Kim K.W., Willey C.D., Geng L., Xiao D., Wang H., Sandler A., Johnson D.H., Colevas A.D., Low J., Rothenberg M.L., Lu B. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enhances cell death and improves tumor growth delay in irradiated lung cancer models. Clin Cancer Res 2007, 13:3033-3042.
4. Amado R.G., Wolf M., Peeters M., Van Cutsem E., Siena S., Freeman D.J., Juan T., Sikorski R., Suggs S., Radinsky R., Patterson S.D., Chang D.D. Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008, 26:1626-1634.
5. Andreassen C.N., Alsner J., Overgaard M., Overgaard J. Prediction of normal tissue radiosensitivity from polymorphisms in candidate genes. Radiother Oncol 2003, 69:127-135.
6. Ang K.K., Zhang Q.E., Rosenthal D.I., Nguyen-Tan P., Sherman E.J., Weber R.S., Galvin J.M., Schwartz D.L., El-Naggar A.K., Gillison M.L., Jordan R., List M.A., Konski A.A., Thorstad W.L., Trotti A., Beitler J.J., Garden A.S., Spanos W.J., Yom S.S., Axelrod R.S. A randomized phase III trial (RTOG 0522) of concurrent accelerated radiation plus cisplatin with or without cetuximab for stage III-IV head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNC). - ASCO ASCO annual meeting. Journal of clinical Oncology 2011, p. abstract 5500.
7. Bamberg M., Molls M., Sack H. Radioonkologie. W. Zuckschwerdt Verlag GmbH, Germering/ München 2004.
8. Banath J.P., Macphail S.H., Olive P.L. Radiation sensitivity, H2AX phosphorylation, and kinetics of repair of DNA strand breaks in irradiated cervical cancer cell lines. Cancer Res 2004, 64:7144-7149.
9. Baumann M., Herrmann T., Koch R., Matthiessen W., Appold S., Wahlers B., Kepka L., Marschke G., Feltl D., Fietkau R., Budach V., Dunst J., Dziadziuszko R., Krause M., Zips D. Final results of the randomized phase III CHARTWEL-trial (ARO 97-1) comparing hyperfractionated-accelerated versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Radiother Oncol 2011.
10. Baumann M., Krause M. CD44: a cancer stem cell-related biomarker with predictive potential for radiotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2010, 16:5091-5093.
11. Baumann M., Krause M., Hill R. Exploring the role of cancer stem cells in radioresistance. Nat Rev Cancer 2008, 8:545-554.
12. Baumann M., Krause M., Thames H., Trott K., Zips D. Cancer stem cells and radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2009, 1-12.
13. Baumann M., Krause M., Thames H., Trott K., Zips D. Cancer stem cells and radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2009, 85:391-402.
14. Begg A.C., Stewart F.A., Vens C. Strategies to improve radiotherapy with targeted drugs. Nat Rev Cancer 2011, 11:239-253.
15. Bentzen S.M. Theragnostic imaging for radiation oncology: dose-painting by numbers. Lancet Oncol 2005, 6:112-117.
16. Bonner J.A., Harari P.M., Giralt J., Azarnia N., Shin D.M., Cohen R.B., Jones C.U., Sur R., Raben D., Jassem J., Ove R., Kies M.S., Baselga J., Youssoufian H., Amellal N., Rowinsky E.K., Ang K.K. Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:567-578.
17. Bonner J.A., Harari P.M., Giralt J., Cohen R.B., Jones C.U., Sur R.K., Raben D., Baselga J., Spencer S.A., Zhu J., Youssoufian H., Rowinsky E.K., Ang K.K. Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer: 5-year survival data from a phase 3 randomised trial, and relation between cetuximab-induced rash and survival. Lancet Oncol 2010, 11:21-28.
18. Bristow R.G., Hill R.P. Hypoxia and metabolism. Hypoxia, DNA repair and genetic instability. Nat Rev Cancer 2008, 8:180-192.
19. Bruechner K., Bergmann R., Santiago A., Mosch B., Yaromina A., Hessel F., Hofheinz F., van den Hoff J., Baumann M., Beuthien-Baumann B. Comparison of [18F]FDG uptake and distribution with hypoxia and proliferation in FaDu human squamous cell carcinoma (hSCC) xenografts after single dose irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2009, 85:772-780.
20. Brun E., Kjellen E., Tennvall J., Ohlsson T., Sandell A., Perfekt R., Wennerberg J., Strand S.E. FDG PET studies during treatment: prediction of therapy outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2002, 24:127-135.
21. Bueno-de-Mesquita J.M., van Harten W.H., Retel V.P., van't Veer L.J., van Dam F.S., Karsenberg K., Douma K.F., van Tinteren H., Peterse J.L., Wesseling J., Wu T.S., Atsma D., Rutgers E.J., Brink G., Floore A.N., Glas A.M., Roumen R.M., Bellot F.E., van Krimpen C., Rodenhuis S., van de Vijver M.J., Linn S.C. Use of 70-gene signature to predict prognosis of patients with node-negative breast cancer: a prospective community-based feasibility study (RASTER). Lancet Oncol 2007, 8:1079-1087.
22. Burgman P., Odonoghue J.A., Humm J.L., Ling C.C. Hypoxia-Induced increase in FDG uptake in MCF7 cells. J Nucl Med 2001, 42:170-175.
23. Bussink J., Kaanders J.H., van der Graaf W.T., Oyen W.J. PET-CT for radiotherapy treatment planning and response monitoring in solid tumors. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2011, 8:233-242.
24. Calabrese C.R., Almassy R., Barton S., Batey M.A., Calvert A.H., Canan-Koch S., Durkacz B.W., Hostomsky Z., Kumpf R.A., Kyle S., Li J., Maegley K., Newell D.R., Notarianni E., Stratford I.J., Skalitzky D., Thomas H.D., Wang L.Z., Webber S.E., Williams K.J., Curtin N.J. Anticancer chemosensitization and radiosensitization by the novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibitor AG14361. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004, 96:56-67.
25. Caudell J.J., Sawrie S.M., Spencer S.A., Desmond R.A., Carroll W.R., Peters G.E., Nabell L.M., Meredith R.F., Bonner J.A. Locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer treated with primary radiotherapy: a comparison of the addition of cetuximab or chemotherapy and the impact of protocol treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008, 71:676-681.
26. Chiou S.H., Kao C.L., Chen Y.W., Chien C.S., Hung S.C., Lo J.F., Chen Y.J., Ku H.H., Hsu M.T., Wong T.T. Identification of CD133-positive radioresistant cells in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. PLoS One 2008, 3:e2090.
27. de Jong M.C., Pramana J., van der Wal J.E., Lacko M., Peutz-Kootstra C.J., de Jong J.M., Takes R.P., Kaanders J.H., van der Laan B.F., Wachters J., Jansen J.C., Rasch C.R., van Velthuysen M.L., Grenman R., Hoebers F.J., Schuuring E., van den Brekel M.W., Begg A.C. CD44 expression predicts local recurrence after radiotherapy in larynx cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2010, 16:5329-5338.
28. Delaney G., Jacob S., Featherstone C., Barton M. The role of radiotherapy in cancer treatment: estimating optimal utilization from a review of evidence-based clinical guidelines. Cancer 2005, 104:1129-1137.
29. Duprez F., De Neve W., De Gersem W., Coghe M., Madani I. Adaptive dose painting by numbers for head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011, 80:1045-1055.
30. Evans S.M., Koch C.J. Prognostic significance of tumor oxygenation in humans. Cancer Lett 2003, 195:1-16.
31. Feng M., Kong F.M., Gross M., Fernando S., Hayman J.A., Ten Haken R.K. Using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to assess tumor volume during radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer and its potential impact on adaptive dose escalation and normal tissue sparing. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009, 73:1228-1234.
32. Gillham C., Zips D., Ponisch F., Evers C., Enghardt W., Abolmaali N., Zophel K., Appold S., Holscher T., Steinbach J., Kotzerke J., Herrmann T., Baumann M. Additional PET/CT in week 5-6 of radiotherapy for patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer as a means of dose escalation planning?. Radiother Oncol 2008, 88:335-341.
33. Giro C., Berger B., Bolke E., Ciernik I.F., Duprez F., Locati L., Maillard S., Ozsahin M., Pfeffer R., Robertson A.G., Langendijk J.A., Budach W. High rate of severe radiation dermatitis during radiation therapy with concurrent cetuximab in head and neck cancer: results of a survey in EORTC institutes. Radiother Oncol 2009, 90:166-171.
34. Gurtner K., Deuse Y., Butof R., Schaal K., Eicheler W., Oertel R., Grenman R., Thames H., Yaromina A., Baumann M., Krause M. Diverse effects of combined radiotherapy and EGFR inhibition with antibodies or TK inhibitors on local tumour control and correlation with EGFR gene expression. Radiother Oncol 2011, 99:323-330.
35. Harbeck N., Pegram M.D., Ruschoff J., Mobus V. Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer: The HER2/neu Oncogene. Breast Care (Basel) 2010, 5:3-7.
36. Hentschel M., Appold S., Schreiber A., Abolmaali N., Abramyuk A., Dorr W., Kotzerke J., Baumann M., Zophel K. Early FDG PET at 10 or 20 Gy under chemoradiotherapy is prognostic for locoregional control and overall survival in patients with head and neck cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011, 38:1203-1211.
37. Hill R.P., Milas L. The proportion of stem cells in murine tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1989, 16:513-518.
38. Huang W., Zhou T., Ma L., Sun H., Gong H., Wang J., Yu J., Li B. Standard uptake value and metabolic tumor volume of (1)F-FDG PET/CT predict short-term outcome early in the course of chemoradiotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011, 38:1628-1635.
39. Jingu K., Ariga H., Kaneta T., Takai Y., Takeda K., Katja L., Narazaki K., Metoki T., Fujimoto K., Umezawa R., Ogawa Y., Nemoto K., Koto M., Mitsuya M., Matsufuji N., Takahashi S., Yamada S. Focal dose escalation using FDG-PET-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy boost for postoperative local recurrent rectal cancer: a planning study with comparison of DVH and NTCP. BMC Cancer 2010, 10:127.
40. Kaanders J.H., Bussink J., van der Kogel A.J. ARCON: a novel biology-based approach in radiotherapy. Lancet Oncol 2002, 3:728-737.
41. Kaanders J.H., Wijffels K.I., Marres H.A., Ljunkvist A.S., Pop L.A., van den Hoogen F.J., de Wilde P.C., Bussink J., Raleigh J.A., van der Kogel A.J. Pimonidazole binding and tumor vascularity predict for treatment outcome in head and neck cancer. Cancer Research 2002, 62:7066-7074.
42. Kaanders J.H., Pop L.A., Marres H.A., Bruaset I., van den Hoogen F.J., Merkx M.A., van der Kogel A.J. ARCON: experience in 215 patients with advanced head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002, 52:769-778.
43. Kasten-Pisula U., Tastan H., Dikomey E. Huge differences in cellular radiosensitivity due to only very small variations in double-strand break repair capacity. Int J Radiat Biol 2005, 81:409-419.
44. Khan K., Araki K., Wang D., Li G., Li X., Zhang J., Xu W., Hoover R.K., Lauter S., O'Malley B., Lapidus R.G., Li D. Head and neck cancer radiosensitization by the novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor GPI-15427. Head Neck 2010, 32:381-391.
45. Kim S.Y., Roh J.L., Kim M.R., Kim J.S., Choi S.H., Nam S.Y., Lee S.W., Kim S.B. Use of 18F-FDG PET for primary treatment strategy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. J Nucl Med 2007, 48:752-757.
46. Klokov D., MacPhail S.M., Banath J.P., Byrne J.P., Olive P.L. Phosphorylated histone H2AX in relation to cell survival in tumor cells and xenografts exposed to single and fractionated doses of X-rays. Radiother Oncol 2006, 80:223-229.
47. Koch U., Krause M., Baumann M. Cancer stem cells at the crossroads of current cancer therapy failures-radiation oncology perspective. Semin Cancer Biol 2010, 20:116-124.
48. Krause M., Gurtner K., Deuse Y., Baumann M. Heterogeneity of tumour response to combined radiotherapy and EGFR inhibitors: differences between antibodies and TK inhibitors. Int J Radiat Biol 2009, 85:943-954.
49. Krause M., Yaromina A., Eicheler W., Koch U., Baumann M. Cancer stem cells: targets and potential biomarkers for radiotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2011, 17:7224-7229.
50. Le Q.T., Sutphin P.D., Raychaudhuri S., Yu S.C., Terris D.J., Lin H.S., Lum B., Pinto H.A., Koong A.C., Giaccia A.J. Identification of osteopontin as a prognostic plasma marker for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2003, 9:59-67.
51. Lee S.W., Nam S.Y., Im K.C., Kim J.S., Choi E.K., Ahn S.D., Park S.H., Kim S.Y., Lee B.J., Kim J.H. Prediction of prognosis using standardized uptake value of 2-[(18)F] fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography for nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Radiother Oncol 2008, 87:211-216.
52. Lim A.M., Rischin D., Fisher R., Cao H., Kwok K., Truong D., McArthur G.A., Young R.J., Giaccia A., Peters L., Le Q.T. Prognostic Significance of Plasma Osteopontin in Patients with Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated on TROG 02.02 Phase III Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2012, 18:301-307.
53. Lunt S.J., Chaudary N., Hill R.P. The tumor microenvironment and metastatic disease. Clin Exp Metastasis 2009, 26:19-34.
54. Mac Manus M., Hicks R.J. The use of positron emission tomography (PET) in the staging/evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of patients with lung cancer: a critical review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008, 72:1298-1306.
55. Madani I., Duthoy W., Derie C., De Gersem W., Boterberg T., Saerens M., Jacobs F., Gregoire V., Lonneux M., Vakaet L., Vanderstraeten B., Bauters W., Bonte K., Thierens H., De Neve W. Positron emission tomography-guided, focal-dose escalation using intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007, 68:126-135.
56. Majmundar A.J., Wong W.J., Simon M.C. Hypoxia-inducible factors and the response to hypoxic stress. Mol Cell 2010, 40:294-309.
57. Menegakis A., Eicheler W., Yaromina A., Thames H.D., Krause M., Baumann M. Residual DNA double strand breaks in perfused but not in unperfused areas determine different radiosensitivity of tumours. Radiotherapy Oncology 2011, in press.
58. Menegakis A., Yaromina A., Eicheler W., Dorfler A., Beuthien-Baumann B., Thames H.D., Baumann M., Krause M. Prediction of clonogenic cell survival curves based on the number of residual DNA double strand breaks measured by gammaH2AX staining. Int J Radiat Biol 2009, 85:1032-1041.
59. Mirzayans R., Severin D., Murray D. Relationship between DNA double-strand break rejoining and cell survival after exposure to ionizing radiation in human fibroblast strains with differing ATM/p53 status: implications for evaluation of clinical radiosensitivity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006, 66:1498-1505.
60. Moeller B.J., Yordy J.S., Williams M.D., Giri U., Raju U., Molkentine D.P., Byers L.A., Heymach J.V., Story M.D., Lee J.J., Sturgis E.M., Weber R.S., Garden A.S., Ang K.K., Schwartz D.L. DNA repair biomarker profiling of head and neck cancer: Ku80 expression predicts locoregional failure and death following radiotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2011, 17:2035-2043.
61. Murat A., Migliavacca E., Gorlia T., Lambiv W.L., Shay T., Hamou M.F., de Tribolet N., Regli L., Wick W., Kouwenhoven M.C., Hainfellner J.A., Heppner F.L., Dietrich P.Y., Zimmer Y., Cairncross J.G., Janzer R.C., Domany E., Delorenzi M., Stupp R., Hegi M.E. Stem cell-related ' self-renewal' signature and high epidermal growth factor receptor expression associated with resistance to concomitant chemoradiotherapy in glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2008, 26:3015-3024.
62. Nordsmark M., Eriksen J.G., Gebski V., Alsner J., Horsman M.R., Overgaard J. Differential risk assessments from five hypoxia specific assays: The basis for biologically adapted individualized radiotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 2007, 83:389-397.
63. Olive P.L., Banuelos C.A., Durand R.E., Kim J.Y., Aquino-Parsons C. Endogenous and radiation-induced expression of gammaH2AX in biopsies from patients treated for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Radiother Oncol 2010, 94:82-89.
64. Overgaard J. Hypoxic radiosensitization: adored and ignored. J Clin Oncol 2007, 25:4066-4074.
65. Overgaard J. Hypoxic modification of radiotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiother Oncol 2011, 100:22-32.
66. Overgaard J., Eriksen J.G., Nordsmark M., Alsner J., Horsman M.R. Plasma osteopontin, hypoxia, and response to the hypoxia sensitiser nimorazole in radiotherapy of head and neck cancer: results from the DAHANCA 5 randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2005, 6:757-764.
67. Overgaard J., Hansen H.S., Overgaard M., Bastholt L., Berthelsen A., Lindelov B., Jorgensen K. A randomized double-blind phase III study of nimorazole a a hypoxic radiosensitizer of primary radiotherapy in supraglottic larynx and pharynx carcinoma. Results of the Danish Head and Neck Cancer Study (DAHANCA) Protocol 5-85. Radiotherapy Oncology 1998, 46:135-146.
68. Pallini R., Ricci-Vitiani L., Banna G.L., Signore M., Lombardi D., Todaro M., Stassi G., Martini M., Maira G., Larocca L.M., De Maria R. Cancer stem cell analysis and clinical outcome in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Clin Cancer Res 2008, 14:8205-8212.
69. Parliament M.B., Murray D. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of DNA repair genes as predictors of radioresponse. Semin Radiat Oncol 2010, 20:232-240.
70. Petersen C., Zips D., Krause M., Schone K., Eicheler W., Hoinkis C., Thames H.D., Baumann M. Repopulation of FaDu human squamous cell carcinoma during fractionated radiotherapy correlates with reoxygenation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001, 51:483-493.
71. Powell C., Mikropoulos C., Kaye S.B., Nutting C.M., Bhide S.A., Newbold K., Harrington K.J. Pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of PARP inhibitors as tumour-specific radiosensitisers. Cancer Treat Rev 2010, 36:566-575.
72. Prince M.E., Sivanandan R., Kaczorowski A., Wolf G.T., Kaplan M.J., Dalerba P., Weissman I.L., Clarke M.F., Ailles L.E. Identification of a subpopulation of cells with cancer stem cell properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007, 104:973-978.
73. Pugachev A., Ruan S., Carlin S., Larson S.M., Campa J., Ling C.C., Humm J.L. Dependence of FDG uptake on tumor microenvironment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005, 62:545-553.
74. Rajendran J.G., Mankoff D.A., O'Sullivan F., Peterson L.M., Schwartz D.L., Conrad E.U., Spence A.M., Muzi M., Farwell D.G., Krohn K.A. Hypoxia and glucose metabolism in malignant tumors: evaluation by [18F]fluoromisonidazole and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging. Clin Cancer Res 2004, 10:2245-2252.
75. Rischin D., Hicks R.J., Fisher R., Binns D., Corry J., Porceddu S., Peters L.J. Prognostic significance of [18F]-misonidazole positron emission tomography-detected tumor hypoxia in patients with advanced head and neck cancer randomly assigned to chemoradiation with or without tirapazamine: a substudy of Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group Study 98.02. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24:2098-2104.
76. Rischin D., Peters L.J., O'Sullivan B., Giralt J., Fisher R., Yuen K., Trotti A., Bernier J., Bourhis J., Ringash J., Henke M., Kenny L. Tirapazamine, cisplatin, and radiation versus cisplatin and radiation for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (TROG 02.02, HeadSTART): a phase III trial of the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2010, 28:2989-2995.
77. Salomon D.S., Brandt R., Ciardiello F., Normanno N. Epidermal growth factor-related peptides and their receptors in human malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1995, 19:183-232.
78. Sasaki R., Komaki R., Macapinlac H., Erasmus J., Allen P., Forster K., Putnam J.B., Herbst R.S., Moran C.A., Podoloff D.A., Roth J.A., Cox J.D. [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by positron emission tomography predicts outcome of non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23:1136-1143.
79. Schoder H., Fury M., Lee N., Kraus D. PET monitoring of therapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Nucl Med 2009, 50(Suppl 1):74S-88S.
80. Schutze C., Bergmann R., Yaromina A., Hessel F., Kotzerke J., Steinbach J., Baumann M., Beuthien-Baumann B. Effect of increase of radiation dose on local control relates to pre-treatment FDG uptake in FaDu tumours in nude mice. Radiother Oncol 2007, 83:311-315.
81. Schwartz D.L., Ford E.C., Rajendran J., Yueh B., Coltrera M.D., Virgin J., Anzai Y., Haynor D., Lewellen B., Mattes D., Kinahan P., Meyer J., Phillips M., Leblanc M., Krohn K., Eary J., Laramore G.E. FDG-PET/CT-guided intensity modulated head and neck radiotherapy: a pilot investigation. Head Neck 2005, 27:478-487.
82. Slodkowska E.A., Ross J.S. MammaPrint 70-gene signature: another milestone in personalized medical care for breast cancer patients. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2009, 9:417-422.
83. Soderlund Leifler K., Queseth S., Fornander T., Askmalm M.S. Low expression of Ku70/80, but high expression of DNA-PKcs, predict good response to radiotherapy in early breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2010, 37:1547-1554.
84. Sonke J.J., Belderbos J. Adaptive radiotherapy for lung cancer. Semin Radiat Oncol 2010, 20:94-106.
85. Sorensen B.S., Hao J., Overgaard J., Vorum H., Honore B., Alsner J., Horsman M.R. Influence of oxygen concentration and pH on expression of hypoxia induced genes. Radiother Oncol 2005, 76:187-193.
86. Toustrup K., Sorensen B.S., Lassen P., Wiuf C., Alsner J., Overgaard J. Gene expression classifier predicts for hypoxic modification of radiotherapy with nimorazole in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Radiother Oncol 2012, 102:122-129.
87. Toustrup K., Sorensen B.S., Nordsmark M., Busk M., Wiuf C., Alsner J., Overgaard J. Development of a hypoxia gene expression classifier with predictive impact for hypoxic modification of radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 2011, 71:5923-5931.
88. Van Schaeybroeck S., Allen W.L., Turkington R.C., Johnston P.G. Implementing prognostic and predictive biomarkers in CRC clinical trials. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2011, 8:222-232.
89. Vaupel P., Mayer A. Hypoxia in cancer: significance and impact on clinical outcome. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2007, 26:225-239.
90. Wada S., Van Khoa T., Kobayashi Y., Funayama T., Ogihara K., Ueno S., Ito N. Prediction of cellular radiosensitivity from DNA damage induced by gamma-rays and carbon ion irradiation in canine tumor cells. J Vet Med Sci 2005, 67:1089-1095.
91. Walsh L., Gillham C., Dunne M., Fraser I., Hollywood D., Armstrong J., Thirion P. Toxicity of cetuximab versus cisplatin concurrent with radiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (LAHNSCC). Radiother Oncol 2011, 98:38-41.
92. Wang L., Mason K.A., Ang K.K., Buchholz T., Valdecanas D., Mathur A., Buser-Doepner C., Toniatti C., Milas L. MK-4827, a PARP-1/-2 inhibitor, strongly enhances response of human lung and breast cancer xenografts to radiation. Invest New Drugs 2011.
93. Wang Q., Chen Z.G., Du C.Z., Wang H.W., Yan L., Gu J. Cancer stem cell marker CD133+ tumour cells and clinical outcome in rectal cancer. Histopathology 2009, 55:284-293.
94. Werbrouck J., De Ruyck K., Duprez F., Veldeman L., Claes K., Van Eijkeren M., Boterberg T., Willems P., Vral A., De Neve W., Thierens H. Acute normal tissue reactions in head-and-neck cancer patients treated with IMRT: influence of dose and association with genetic polymorphisms in DNA DSB repair genes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009, 73:1187-1195.
95. West C.M., Davidson S.E., Roberts S.A., Hunter R.D. Intrinsic radiosensitivity and prediction of patient response to radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix. Br J Cancer 1993, 68:819-823.
96. Wieder H.A., Brucher B.L., Zimmermann F., Becker K., Lordick F., Beer A., Schwaiger M., Fink U., Siewert J.R., Stein H.J., Weber W.A. Time course of tumor metabolic activity during chemoradiotherapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and response to treatment. J Clin Oncol 2004, 22:900-908.
97. Withers H.R., Taylor J.M., Maciejewski B. The hazard of accelerated tumor clonogen repopulation during radiotherapy. Acta Oncol 1988, 27:131-146.
98. Yaromina A., Krause M., Thames H., Rosner A., Krause M., Hessel F., Grenman R., Zips D., Baumann M. Pre-treatment number of clonogenic cells and their radiosensitivity are major determinants of local tumour control after fractionated irradiation. Radiother Oncol 2007, 83:304-310.
99. Yaromina A., Kroeber T., Meinzer A., Boeke S., Thames H., Baumann M., Zips D. Exploratory study of the prognostic value of microenvironmental parameters during fractionated irradiation in human squamous cell carcinoma xenografts. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011, 80:1205-1213.
100. Zeppernick F., Ahmadi R., Campos B., Dictus C., Helmke B.M., Becker N., Lichter P., Unterberg A., Radlwimmer B., Herold-Mende C.C. Stem cell marker CD133 affects clinical outcome in glioma patients. Clin Cancer Res 2008, 14:123-129.