Drugs and AKI

Minerva Urologica e Nefrologica

Volumn 64, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 51-62

  Liangos, O ^a  

^a KLINIKUM COBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Acute kidney injury; Drug toxicity; Kidney tubular necrosis, acute

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; AMINOGLYCOSIDE DERIVATIVE; ARISTOLOCHIC ACID; BICARBONATE; BLEOMYCIN; CISPLATIN; CONTRAST MEDIUM; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; CYTOSINE; CYTOSTATIC AGENT; DAUNORUBICIN; FLUOROURACIL; GEMCITABINE; METHOTREXATE; MITOMYCIN C; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OSMOTIC AGENT; PHOSPHATE;

ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE; DRUG INDUCED DISEASE; DRUG MEGADOSE; HUMAN; NEPHROTOXICITY; REVIEW;

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY; AMINOGLYCOSIDES; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; ARISTOLOCHIC ACIDS; CONTRAST MEDIA; CYTOSTATIC AGENTS; DIURETICS, OSMOTIC; HUMANS; KIDNEY; PHOSPHATES;

EID: 84860268698     PISSN: 03932249     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (122)

1. Lameire N, Van Biesen W, Vanholder R. Acute renal failure. Lancet 2005;365: 417-430. (Pubitemid 40179230)
2. Xue JL, Daniels F, Star RA, Kimmel PL, Eggers PW, Molitoris BA et al. Incidence and mortality of acute renal failure in Medicare beneficiaries, 1992 to 2001. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006;17:1135-42.
3. Nash K, Hafeez A, Hou S. Hospital-acquired renal insufficiency. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39:930-6. (Pubitemid 34454211)
4. Feest TG, Round A, Hamad S. Incidence of severe acute renal failure in adults: results of a community based study. BMJ 1993;306:481-3. (Pubitemid 23053155)
5. Stevens PE, Tamimi NA, Al-Hasani MK, Mikhail AI, Kearney E, Lapworth R et al. Non-specialist management of acute renal failure. QJM 2001;94:533-40. (Pubitemid 32998344)
6. Metcalfe W, Simpson M, Khan IH, Prescott GJ, Simpson K, Smith WC et al. Acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy: incidence and outcome. QJM 2002;95.579-83.
7. Bagshaw SM, George C, Bellomo R. Early acute kidney injury and sepsis:a multicentre evaluation. Crit Care 2008;12:R47.
8. Chertow GM, Levy EM, Hammermeister KE, Grover F, Daley J. Independent association between acute renal failure and mortality following cardiac surgery. Am J Med 1998;104:343-8. (Pubitemid 28211024)
9. Chertow GM, Burdick E, Honour M, Bonventre JV, Bates DW Acute kidney injury, mortality, length of stay, and costs in hospitalized patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:3365-70. (Pubitemid 46179340)
10. Bentley ML, Corwin HL, Dasta J. Drug-induced acute kidney injury in the critically ill adult: recognition and prevention strategies. Crit Care Med;38(6 Suppl):S169-174.
11. Pannu N, Nadim MK. An overview of drug-induced acute kidney injury. Crit Care Med 2008;36(4 Suppl):S216-223. (Pubitemid 351483055)
12. Arend LJ, Nadasdy T. Emerging therapy-related kidney disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2009;133:268-78.
13. Schetz M, Dasta J, Goldstein S, Golper T. Drug-induced acute kidney injury. Curr Opin Crit Care 2005;11:555-65. (Pubitemid 41697327)
14. Hou SH, Bushinsky DA, Wish JB, Cohen JJ, Harrington JT. Hospital-acquired renal insufficiency:a prospective study. Am J Med 1983;74:243-8. (Pubitemid 13192180)
15. Kahlmeter G, Dahlager JI. Aminoglycoside toxicity - a review of clinical studies published between 1975 and 1982. J Antimicrob Chemother 1984;13(Suppl A):9-22. (Pubitemid 14189092)
16. Quiros Y, Vicente-Vicente L, Morales AI, Lopez-Novoa JM, Lopez-Hernandez FJ. An integrative overview on the mechanisms underlying the renal tubular cytotoxicity of gentamicin. Toxicol Sci;119:245-56.
17. Humes HD. Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. Kidney Int 1988;33:900-911.
18. Schmitz C, Hilpert J, Jacobsen C, Boensch C, Christensen EI, Luft FC et al. Megalin deficiency offers protection from renal aminoglycoside accumulation. J Biol Chem 2002;277:618-22. (Pubitemid 34952099)
19. Cut S, Verroust PJ, Moestrup SK, Christensen EI. Megalin/gp330 mediates uptake of albumin in renal proximal tubule. Am J Physiol 1996;271(4 Pt 2):F900-907.
20. Moestrup SK, Cui S, Vorum H, Bregengard C, Bjorn SE, Norris K et al. Evidence that epithelial glycoprotein 330/megalin mediates uptake of polybasic drugs. J Clin Invest 1995;96:1404-13.
21. Silverblatt FJ, Kuehn C. Autoradiography of gentamicin uptake by the rat proximal tubule cell. Kidney Int 1979;15.335-45.
22. Frommer JP, Senekjian HO, Babino H, Weinman EJ. Intratubular microinjection study of gentamicin transport in the rat. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1983;9:108-12. (Pubitemid 13114407)
23. Kim I, Xu W, Reed JC. Cell death and endoplasmic reticulum stress: disease relevance and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008;7:1013-30.
24. Lai E, Teodoro T, Volchuk A. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: signaling the unfolded protein response. Physiology (Bethesda) 2007;22:193-201.
25. Morales AI, Detaille D, Prieto M, Puente A, Briones E, Arevalo M et al. Metformin prevents experimental gentamicin-induced nephropathy by a mitochondria-dependent pathway. Kidney Int 2010;77:861-9.
26. Simmons CF, Jr., Bogusky RT, Humes HD. Inhibitory effects of gentamicin on renal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1980;214:709-715. (Pubitemid 10061422)
27. Chwieralski CE, Weite T, Buhling F. Cathepsin-regulated apoptosis. Apoptosis 2006;11:143-9. (Pubitemid 43291015)
28. Golstein P, Kroemer G. Cell death by necrosis: towards a molecular definition. Trends Biochem Sci 2007;32:37-43. (Pubitemid 46043552)
29. Gibbons CE, Maldonado-Perez D, Shah AN, Riccardi D, Ward DT. Calcium-sensing receptor antagonism or lithium treatment ameliorates aminoglycoside-induced cell death in renal epithelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 2008;1782:188-95.
30. Karatas Y, Secilmis MA, Karayaylali I, Doran F, Buyukafsar K, Singirik E et al. Effect of tempol (4-hydroxy tempo) on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2004;18:79-83. (Pubitemid 38200922)
31. Baliga R, Ueda N, Walker PD, Shah SV. Oxidant mechanisms in toxic acute renal failure. Drug Metab Rev 1999;31:971-7.
32. Forge A, Zajic G, Davies S, Weiner N, Schacht J. Gentamicin alters membrane structure as shown by freeze-fracture of liposomes. Hear Res 1989;37:129-39.
33. De Broe ME, Paulus GJ, Verpooten GA, Roels F, Buyssens N, Wedeen R et al. Early effects of gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin on the human kidney. Kidney Int 1984;25:643-52. (Pubitemid 14079959)
34. Nonclercq D, Wrona S, Toubeau G, Zanen J, Heuson-Stiennon JA, Schaudies RP et al. Tubular injury and regeneration in the rat kidney following acute exposure to gentamicin:a time-course study. Ren Fail 1992;14:507-21.
35. Morales AI, Buitrago JM, Santiago JM, Fernandez-Tagarro M, Lopez-Novoa JM, Perez-Barriocanal F. Protective effect of trans-resveratrol on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2002;4:893-8. (Pubitemid 36042465)
36. Martinez-Salgado C, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Lopez-Novoa JM. Glomerular nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007;223:86-98. (Pubitemid 47211265)
37. Kalayarasan S, Prabhu PN, Sriram N, Manikandan R, Arumugam M, Sudhandiran G. Diallyl sulfide enhances antioxidants and inhibits inflammation through the activation of Nrf2 against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2009;606:162-171.
38. Fujiwara K, Shin M, Matsunaga H, Saita T, Larsson LI. Light-microscopic irnmunocytochernistry for gentamicin and its use for studying uptake of the drug in kidney. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53:3302-7.
39. Mondorf AW, Breier J, Hendus J, Scherberich JE, Mackenrodt G, Shah PM et al. Effect of aminoglycosides on proximal tubular membranes of the human kidney. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1978;13:133-42. (Pubitemid 8346374)
40. Humes HD, Weinberg JM, Knauss TC. Clinical and pathophysiologic aspects of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. Am J Kidney Dis 1982;2:5-29. (Pubitemid 13232962)
41. Lord GM, Tagore R, Cook T, Gower P, Pusey CD. Nephropathy caused by Chinese herbs in the UK. Lancet 1999;354:481-2. (Pubitemid 29368929)
42. Vanherweghem JL, Depierreux M, Tielemans C, Abramowicz D, Dratwa M, Jadoul M et al. Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis in young women: association with slimming regimen including Chinese herbs. Lancet 1993;341:387-91. (Pubitemid 23048140)
43. Vanhaelen M, Vanhaelen-Fastre R, But P, Vanherweghem JL. Identification of aristolochic acid in Chinese herbs. Lancet 1994;343:174. (Pubitemid 24028653)
44. Yang CS, Lin CH, Chang SH, Hsu HC. Rapidly progressive fibrosing interstitial nephritis associated with Chinese herbal drugs. Am J Kidney Dis 2000;35:313-8. (Pubitemid 30070856)
45. Debelle FD, Vanherweghem JL, Nortier JL. Aristolochic acid nephropathy:a worldwide problem. Kidney Int 2008;74:158-69. (Pubitemid 351915079)
46. Lee S, Lee T, Lee B, Choi H, Yang M, Ihm CG et al. Fanconi's syndrome and subsequent progressive renal failure caused by a Chinese herb containing aristolochic acid. Nephrology (Carlton) 2004;9:126-9. (Pubitemid 38887820)
47. Tanaka A, Nishida R, Maeda K, Sugawara A, Kuwahara T. Chinese herb nephropathy in Japan presents adult-onset Fanconi syndrome: could different components of aristolochic acids cause a different type of Chinese herb nephropathy? Clin Nephrol 2000;53:301-6. (Pubitemid 30204939)
48. Depierreux M, Van Damme B, Vanden Houte K, Vanherweghem JL. Pathologic aspects of a newly described nephropathy related to the prolonged use of Chinese herbs. Am J Kidney Dis 1994;24:172-80. (Pubitemid 24249054)
49. Pozdzik AA, Salmon IJ, Debelle FD, Decaestecker C, Van den Branden C, Verbeelen D et al. Aristolochic acid induces proximal tubule apoptosis and epithelial to mesenchymal transformation. Kidney Int 2008;73:595-607. (Pubitemid 351264108)
50. Zhou L, Fu P, Huang XR, Liu F, Lai KN, Lan HY. Activation of p53 promotes renal injury in acute aristolochic acid nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010;21:31-41.
51. Vanherweghem JL, Abramowicz D, Tielemans C, Depierreux M. Effects of steroids on the progression of renal failure in chronic interstitial renal fibrosis: a pilot study in Chinese herbs nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 1996;27:209-15. (Pubitemid 26055132)
52. Grollman AP, Shibutani S, Moriya M, Miller F, Wu L, Moll U et al. Aristolochic acid and the etiology of endemic (Balkan) nephropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;104:12129-34. (Pubitemid 47185641)
53. Arlt VM, Schmeiser HH, Pfeifer GP. Sequence-specific detection of aristolochic acid-DNA adducts in the human p53 gene by terminal transferase-dependent PCR. Carcinogenesis 2001;22:133-40. (Pubitemid 32098154)
54. Darmon M, Ciroldi M, Thiery G, Schlemmer B, Azoulay E. Clinical review: specific aspects of acute renal failure in cancer patients. Crit Care 2006;10:211.
55. Humphreys BD, Soiffer RJ, Magee CC. Renal failure associated with cancer and its treatment: an update. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:151-61. (Pubitemid 43073167)
56. Moake JL. Thrombotic microangiopathies. N Engl J Med 2002;347:589-600.
57. Kwaan HC, Gordon LI. Thrombotic microangiopathy in the cancer patient. Acta Haematol 2001;106:52-6. (Pubitemid 32830516)
58. Medina PJ, Sipols JM, George JN. Drug-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome. Curr Opin Hematol 2001;8:286-93. (Pubitemid 32826498)
59. Fung MC, Storniolo AM, Nguyen B, Arning M, Brookfield W, Vigil J. A review of hemolytic uremic syndrome in patients treated with gemcitabine therapy. Cancer 1999;85:2023-32. (Pubitemid 29202779)
60. Humphreys BD, Sharman JP, Henderson JM, Clark JW, Marks PW, Rennke HG et al. Gemcitabine-associated thrombotic microangiopathy. Cancer 2004;100:2664-70. (Pubitemid 38715773)
61. Arany I, Safirstein RL. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Semin Nephrol 2003;23:460-4. (Pubitemid 37176691)
62. Safirstein RL. Lessons learned from ischemic and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in animals. Ren Fail 1999;21:359-64. (Pubitemid 29318203)
63. Linkermann A, Himmerkus N, Rolver L, Keyser KA, Steen P, Brasen JH et al. Renal tubular Fas ligand mediates fratricide in cisplatin-induced acute kidney failure. Kidney Int 2011;79:169-78.
64. Kim DH, Jung YJ, Lee JE, Lee AS, Kang KP, Lee S et al. SIRT1 activation by resveratrol ameliorates cisplatin-induced renal injury through deacetylation of p53. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011;301:F427-435.
65. Schlichter LM, Hensley ML, Meropol NJ, Winer EP. 2002 update of recommendations for the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy protectants: clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:2895-903. (Pubitemid 34651519)
66. de Miguel D, Garcia-Suarez J, Martin Y, Gil-Fernandez JJ, Burgaleta C. Severe acute renal failure following high-dose methotrexate therapy in adults with haematological malignancies:a significant number result from unrecognized co-administration of several drags. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008;23:3762-6.
67. Widemann BC, Balis FM, Kempf-Bielack B, Bielack S, Pratt CB, Ferrari S et al. High-dose methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in patients with osteosarcoma. Cancer 2004;100:2222-32. (Pubitemid 38580344)
68. Buchen S, Ngampolo D, Melton RG, Hasan C, Zoubek A, Henze G et al. Carboxypeptidase G2 rescue in patients with methotrexate intoxication and renal failure. Br J Cancer 2005;92:480-7. (Pubitemid 40395528)
69. Suarez A, McDowell H, Niaudet P, Comoy E, Flamant F. Long-term follow-up of ifosfamide renal toxicity in children treated for malignant mesenchymal tumors: an International Society of Pediatric Oncology report. J Clin Oncol 1991;9:2177-82.
70. Henrich WL. Analgesic nephropathy. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 1998;109:147-58; discussion 158-149.
71. Henrich WL, Agodoa LE, Barrett B, Bennett WM, Blantz RC, Buckalew VM, Jr. et al. Analgesics and the kidney: summary and recommendations to the Scientific Advisory Board of the National Kidney Foundation from an Ad Hoc Committee of the National Kidney Foundation. Am J Kidney Dis 1996;27:162-5. (Pubitemid 26017466)
72. Kincaid-Smith P. Analgesic nephropathy. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981;282(6278):1790-1.
73. Bennett WM, Henrich WL, Stoff JS. The renal effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drags: summary and recommendations. Am J Kidney Dis 1996;28(1 Suppl 1):S56-62. (Pubitemid 26234598)
74. Solomon DH, Gurwitz JH. Toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drags in the elderly: is advanced age a risk factor? Am J Med 1997;102:208-15. (Pubitemid 27123004)
75. Besen A, Kose F, Paydas S, Gonlusen G, Inal T, Dogan A et al. The effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drag diclofenac sodium on the rat kidney, and alteration by furosemide. Int Urol Nephrol 2009;41:919-26.
76. Gulbins E, Parekh N, Rauterberg EW, Schlottmann K, Steinhausen M. Cysteinyl leukotriene actions on the microcirculation of the normal and split hydronephrotic rat kidney. Eur J Clin Invest 1991;21:184-96.
77. Gambaro G, Perazella MA. Adverse renal effects of anti-inflammatory agents: evaluation of selective and nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors. J Intern Med 2003;253:643-52. (Pubitemid 36649096)
78. Agmon Y, Brezis M. Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drags upon intrarenal blood flow: selective medullary hypoperfusion. Exp Nephrol 1993;1:357-63.
79. Hocherl K, Kees F, Kramer BK, Kurtz A. Cyclosporine A attenuates the natriuretic action of loop diuretics by inhibition of renal COX-2 expression. Kidney Int 2004;65:2071-80. (Pubitemid 38669993)
80. Kammerl MC, Nusing RM, Richthammer W, Kramer BK, Kurtz A. Inhibition of COX-2 counteracts the effects of diuretics in rats. Kidney Int 2001;60:1684-91. (Pubitemid 32999972)
81. Venturini CM, Isakson P, Needleman P. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced renal failures brief review of the role of cyclo-oxygenase isoforms. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1998;7:79-82. (Pubitemid 28037525)
82. Harris RC, McKanna JA, Akai Y, Jacobson HR, Dubois RN, Breyer MD. Cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with the macula densa of rat kidney and increases with salt restriction. J Clin Invest 1994;94:2504-10. (Pubitemid 24379628)
83. Abassi Z, Brodsky S, Gealekman O, Rubinstein I, Hoffman A, Winaver J. Intrarenal expression and distribution of cyclooxygenase isoforms in rats with experimental heart failure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2001;280:F43-53.
84. Traynor TR, Smart A, Briggs JP, Schnermann J. Inhibition of macula densa-stimulated renin secretion by pharmacological blockade of cyclooxygenase-2. Am J Physiol 1999;277(5 Pt 2):F706-710.
85. Szalat A, Krasilnikov I, Bloch A, Meir K, Rubinger D, Mevorach D. Acute renal failure and interstitial nephritis in a patient treated with rofecoxib: case report and review of the literature. Arthritis Rheum 2004;51:670-3. (Pubitemid 39056258)
86. John CM, Shukla R, Jones CA. Using NSAID in volume depleted children can precipitate acute renal failure. Arch Dis Child 2007;92:524-6. (Pubitemid 46867275)
87. Onay OS, Ercoban HS, Bayrakci US, Melek E, Cengiz N, Baskin E. Acute, reversible nonoliguric renal failure in two children associated with analgesic-antipyretic drugs. Pediatr Emerg Care 2009;25:263-6.
88. Inoue M, Akimoto T, Saito O, Ando Y, Muto S, Kusano E. Successful relatively low-dose corticosteroid therapy for diclofenac-induced acute interstitial nephritis with severe renal failure. Clin Exp Nephrol 2008;12:296-9.
89. Janssen CW, Jr. Osmotic nephrosis. A clinical and experimental investigation. Acta Chir Scand 1968;134:481-7.
90. Blullock LT, Gregersen ML, Kinney R. The use of hypertonic sucrose solution intravenously to reduce cerebrospinal fluid pressure without a secondary rise. Am J Physiol 1935;112:82-6.
91. Dickenmann M, Oettl T, Mihatsch MJ. Osmotic nephrosis: acute kidney injury with accumulation of proximal tubular lysosomes due to administration of exogenous solutes. Am J Kidney Dis 2008;51:491-503. (Pubitemid 351273478)
92. Trump BF, Janigan DT. The pathogenesis of cytologic vacuolization in sucrose nephrosis. An electron microscopic and histochemical study. Lab Invest 1962;11:395-411.
93. Maunsbach AB, Madden SC, Latta H. Light and electron microscopic changes in proximal tubules of rats after administration of glucose, mannitol, sucrose, or dextran. Lab Invest 1962;11:421-32.
94. Huang PP, Stucky FS, Dimick AR, Treat RC, Bessey PQ, Rue LW. Hypertonic sodium resuscitation is associated with renal failure and death. Ann Surg 1995;221:543-54; discussion 554-547.
95. Schortgen F, Brochard L. Colloid-induced kidney injury: experimental evidence may help to understand mechanisms. Crit Care 2009;13:130.
96. Huter L, Simon TP, Weinmann L, Schuerholz T, Reinhart K, Wolf G et al. Hydroxyethylstarch impairs renal function and induces interstitial proliferation, macrophage infiltration and tubular damage in an isolated renal perfusion model. Crit Care 2009;13:R23.
97. Van Praet JT, De Vriese AS. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy:a critical review. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2007;16:336-47. (Pubitemid 46944332)
98. McCullough PA, Wolyn R, Rocher LL, Levin RN, O'Neill WW. Acute renal failure after coronary intervention: incidence, risk factors, and relationship to mortality. Am J Med 1997;103:368-75. (Pubitemid 27506242)
99. Heyman SN, Rosen S, Khamaisi M, Idee JM, Rosenberger C. Reactive oxygen species and the pathogenesis of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. Invest Radiol 2009;45:188-95.
100. Zou AP, Cowley AW, Jr. Reactive oxygen species and molecular regulation of renal oxygenation. Acta Physiol Scand 2003;179:233-41.
101. Rees JA, Old SL, Rowlands PC. An ultrastructural histochemistry and light microscopy study of the early development of renal proximal tubular vacuolation after a single administration of the contrast enhancement medium "Iotrolan". Toxicol Pathol 1997;25:158-64. (Pubitemid 27175208)
102. Dobrota M, Powell CJ, Holtz E, Wallin A, Vik H. Biochemical and morphological effects of contrast media on the kidney. Acta Radiol Suppl 1995;399:196-203.
103. Katzberg RW Urography into the 21st century: new contrast media, renal handling, imaging characteristics, and nephrotoxicity. Radiology 1997;204:297-312. (Pubitemid 27337471)
104. Heinrich MC. Osmotic nephrosis and contrast media. Am J Kidney Dis 2008;52:629; author reply 629-630.
105. Mehran R, Aymong ED, Nikolsky E, Lasic Z, Iakovou I, Fahy M et al. A simple risk score for prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention: development and initial validation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:1393-9. (Pubitemid 39303939)
106. Mueller C, Buerkle G, Buettner HJ, Petersen J, Perruchoud AP, Eriksson U el al. Prevention of contrast media-associated nephropathy: randomized comparison of 2 hydration regimens in 1620 patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:329-336. (Pubitemid 34127411)
107. Merten GJ, Burgess WP, Gray LV, Holleman JH, Roush TS, Kowalchuk GJ et al. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291:2328-34. (Pubitemid 38656299)
108. Tepel M, van der Giet M, Schwarzfeld C, Laufer U, Liermann D, Zidek W. Prevention of radiographiccontrast-agent-induced reductions in renal function by acetylcysteine. N Engl J Med 2000;343:180-4. (Pubitemid 30489215)
109. McCullough PA, Bertrand ME, Brinker JA, Stacul F. A meta-analysis of the renal safety of isosmolar iodixanol compared with low-osmolar contrast media. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:692-9. (Pubitemid 44175706)
110. Marenzi G, Marana I, Lauri G, Assanelli E, Grazi M, Campodonico J et al. The prevention of radiocontrast-agent-induced nephropathy by hemofiltration. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1333-40. (Pubitemid 37186211)
111. Marenzi G, Bartorelli AL, Lauri G, Assanelli E, Grazi M, Campodonico J et al. Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration for the treatment of contrast-induced acute renal failure after percutaneous coronary interventions. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003;58:59-64. (Pubitemid 36055301)
112. Marenzi G, Lauri G, Campodonico J, Marana I, Assanelli E, De Metrio M et al. Comparison of two hemofiltration protocols for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in high-risk patients. Am J Med 2006;119:155-62. (Pubitemid 43151482)
113. Hsieh YC, Ting CT, Liu TJ, Wang CL, Chen YT, Lee WL. Short- and long-term renal outcomes of immediate prophylactic hemodialysis after cardiovascular catheterizations in patients with severe renal insufficiency. Int J Cardiol 2005;101:407-13.
114. Frank H, Werner D, Lorusso V, Klinghammer L, Daniel WG, Kunzendorf U et al. Simultaneous hemodialysis during coronary angiography fails to prevent radiocontrast-induced nephropathy in chronic renal failure. Clin Nephrol 2003;60:176-82. (Pubitemid 37121780)
115. Desmeules S, Bergeron MJ, Isenring P. Acute phosphate nephropathy and renal failure. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1006-7. (Pubitemid 37064780)
116. Lien YH. Is bowel preparation before colonoscopy a risky business for the kidney? Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2008;4:606-14.
117. Markowitz GS, Perazella MA. Acute phosphate nephropathy. Kidney Int 2009;76:1027-34.
118. Markowitz GS, Stokes MB, Radhakrishnan J, D'Agati VD. Acute phosphate nephropathy following oral sodium phosphate bowel purgative: an underrecognized cause of chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:3389-96. (Pubitemid 46179342)
119. Johanson JF, Popp JW, Jr., Cohen LB, Lottes SR, Forbes WP, Walker K et al. A randomized, multicenter study comparing the safety and efficacy of sodium phosphate tablets with 2L polyethylene glycol solution plus bisacodyl tablets for colon cleansing. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:2238-46. (Pubitemid 47493828)
120. Khurana A, McLean L, Atkinson S, Foulks CJ. The effect of oral sodium phosphate drug products on renal function in adults undergoing bowel endoscopy. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:593-7. (Pubitemid 351468394)
121. Hurst FP, Bohen EM, Osgard EM, Oliver DK, Das NP, Gao SW et al. Association of oral sodium phosphate purgative use with acute kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;18:3192-8. (Pubitemid 350223980)
122. Brunelli SM. Association between oral sodium phosphate bowel preparations and kidney injury:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2009;53:448-56.