Airway injury during high-level exercise

British Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 46, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 385-390

  Kippelen, Pascale ^a   Anderson, Sandra D ^b  

^a BRUNEL UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b ROYAL PRINCE ALFRED HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; BRONCHOSPASM; BRONCHUS DISEASE; BRONCHUS HYPERREACTIVITY; DEHYDRATION; DISEASE MODEL; ENVIRONMENT; EPITHELIUM CELL; EXERCISE; HUMAN; HYPERVENTILATION; MECHANICAL STRESS; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; PHYSIOLOGY; RESPIRATORY TRACT MUCOSA; REVIEW; SPORT;

ANIMALS; BRONCHIAL DISEASES; BRONCHIAL HYPERREACTIVITY; BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; DEHYDRATION; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; ENVIRONMENT; EPITHELIAL CELLS; EXERCISE; HUMANS; HYPERVENTILATION; RESPIRATORY MUCOSA; SPORTS; STRESS, MECHANICAL; STRESS, PHYSIOLOGICAL;

EID: 84860123203     PISSN: 03063674     EISSN: 14730480     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090819     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Carlsen KH, Anderson SD, Bjermer L, et al. Exercise-induced asthma, respiratory and allergic disorders in elite athletes: epidemiology, mechanisms and diagnosis: part 1 of the report from the Joint Task Force of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) in cooperation with GA2LEN. Allergy 2008;63:387-403.
2. Anderson SD, Daviskas E. The mechanism of exercise-induced asthma is. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:453-9.
3. Anderson SD, Kippelen P. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: pathogenesis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2005;5:116-22. (Pubitemid 40331067)
4. Omori C, Schofield BH, Mitzner W, et al. Hyperpnea with dry air causes time-dependent alterations in mucosal morphology and bronchovascular permeability. J Appl Physiol 1995;78:1043-51.
5. Freed AN, Omori C, Schofield BH, et al. Dry air-induced mucosal cell injury and bronchovascular leakage in canine peripheral airways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994;11:724-32.
6. Davis MS, Lockard AJ, Marlin DJ, et al. Airway cooling and mucosal injury during cold weather exercise. Equine Vet J Suppl 2002;34:413-16.
7. Davis MS, McKiernan B, McCullough S, et al. Racing Alaskan sled dogs as a model of "ski asthma". Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:878-82.
8. Chimenti L, Morici G, Paternó A, et al. Endurance training damages small airway epithelium in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:442-9. (Pubitemid 46354247)
9. Pini L, Novali M, Modina D, et al. Effect of training on airways inflammatory response and remodeling in a rat model. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011;179:181-6.
10. Silva RA, Vieira RP, Duarte AC, et al. Aerobic training reverses airway inflammation and remodelling in an asthma murine model. Eur Respir J 2010;35:994-1002.
11. Karjalainen EM, Laitinen A, Sue-Chu M, et al. Evidence of airway inflammation and remodeling in ski athletes with and without bronchial hyper-responsiveness to methacholine. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:2086-91. (Pubitemid 30418154)
12. Bougault V, Turmel J, St-Laurent J, et al. Asthma, airway inflammation and epithelial damage in swimmers and cold-air athletes. Eur Respir J 2009;33:740-6.
13. Chimenti L, Morici G, Paternó A, et al. Bronchial epithelial damage after a half-marathon in non-asthmatic amateur runners. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010;298:L857-62.
14. Hermans C, Bernard A. Lung epithelium-specific proteins: characteristics and potential applications as markers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:646-78.
15. Chimenti L, Morici G, Paterno A, et al. Environmental conditions, air pollutants, and airway cells in runners: a longitudinal field study. J Sports Sci 2009;27:925-35.
16. Morici G, Bonsignore MR, Zangla D, et al. Airway cell composition at rest and after an all-out test in competitive rowers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36:1723-9. (Pubitemid 39332290)
17. Bolger C, Tufvesson E, Anderson SD, et al. Effect of inspired air conditions on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and urinary CC16 levels in athletes. J Appl Physiol 2011;111:1059-65.
18. Bolger C, Tufvesson E, Sue-Chu M, et al. Hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction and urinary CC16 levels in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011;43:1207-13.
19. Bonsignore MR, Morici G, Riccobono L, et al. Airway inflammation in non-asthmatic amateur runners. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001;281:L668-76.
20. Bonsignore MR, Morici G, Riccobono L, et al. Airway cells after swimming outdoors or in the sea in non-asthmatic athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:1146-52. (Pubitemid 36807976)
21. Mendes FA, Almeida FM, Cukier A, et al. Effects of aerobic training on airway inflammation in asthmatic patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011;43:197-203.
22. Johnson BD, Saupe KW, Dempsey JA. Mechanical constraints on exercise hyperpnea in endurance athletes. J Appl Physiol 1992;73:874-86.
23. Baye TM, Abebe T, Wilke RA. Genotype-environment interactions and their translational implications. Per Med 2011;8:59-70.
24. Broeckaert F, Arsalane K, Hermans C, et al. Serum clara cell protein: a sensitive biomarker of increased lung epithelium permeability caused by ambient ozone. Environ Health Perspect 2000;108:533-7. (Pubitemid 30453775)
25. Blomberg A, Mudway I, Svensson M, et al. Clara cell protein as a biomarker for ozone-induced lung injury in humans. Eur Respir J 2003;22:883-8. (Pubitemid 37540636)
26. Lagerkvist BJ, Bernard A, Blomberg A, et al. Pulmonary epithelial integrity in children: relationship to ambient ozone exposure and swimming pool attendance. Environ Health Perspect 2004;112:1768-71. (Pubitemid 40017300)
27. Gomes EC, Stone V, Florida-James G. Impact of heat and pollution on oxidative stress and CC16 secretion after 8 km run. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011;111:2089-97.
28. Bernard A, Carbonnelle S, Michel O, et al. Lung hyper-permeability and asthma prevalence in schoolchildren: unexpected associations with the attendance at indoor chlorinated swimming pools. Occup Environ Med 2003;60:385-94. (Pubitemid 36724191)
29. Bougault V, Turmel J, Levesque B, et al. The respiratory health of swimmers. Sports Med 2009;39:295-312.
30. Jacobs JH, Spaan S, van Rooy GB, et al. Exposure to trichloramine and respiratory symptoms in indoor swimming pool workers. Eur Respir J 2007;29:690-8. (Pubitemid 46554618)
31. Carbonnelle S, Francaux M, Doyle I, et al. Changes in serum pneumoproteins caused by short-term exposures to nitrogen trichloride in indoor chlorinated swimming pools. Biomarkers 2002;7:464-78. (Pubitemid 36113426)
32. Romberg K, Bjermer L, Tufvesson E. Exercise but not mannitol provocation increases urinary Clara cell protein (CC16) in elite swimmers. Respir Med 2011;105:31-6.
33. Carbonnelle S, Bernard A, Doyle IR, et al. Fractional exhaled NO and serum pneumoproteins after swimming in a chlorinated pool. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008;40:1472-6.
34. Daviskas E, Gonda I, Anderson SD. Local airway heat and water vapour losses. Respir Physiol 1991;84:115-32.
35. Anderson SD, Holzer K. Exercise-induced asthma: is it the right diagnosis in elite athletes? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:419-28. (Pubitemid 32037692)
36. Freed AN, Davis MS. Hyperventilation with dry air increases airway surface fluid osmolality in canine peripheral airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:1101-7. (Pubitemid 29202542)
37. Kotaru C, Hejal RB, Finigan JH, et al. Influence of hyperpnea on airway surface fluid volume and osmolarity in normal humans. J Appl Physiol 2002;93:154-60. (Pubitemid 34686206)
38. Daviskas E, Anderson SD, Gonda I, et al. Changes in mucociliary clearance during and after isocapnic hyperventilation in asthmatic and healthy subjects. Eur Respir J 1995;8:742-51.
39. Barbet JP, Chauveau M, Labbé S, et al. Breathing dry air causes acute epithelial damage and inflammation of the guinea pig trachea. J Appl Physiol 1988;64:1851-7.
40. Hallstrand TS, Moody MW, Wurfel MM, et al. Inflammatory basis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;172:679-86. (Pubitemid 41324221)
41. Button B, Picher M, Boucher RC. Differential effects of cyclic and constant stress on ATP release and mucociliary transport by human airway epithelia. J Physiol (Lond) 2007;580:577-92. (Pubitemid 46564183)
42. Bilek AM, Dee KC, Gaver DP 3rd. Mechanisms of surface-tension-induced epithelial cell damage in a model of pulmonary airway reopening. J Appl Physiol 2003;94:770-83. (Pubitemid 36158257)
43. Oudin S, Pugin J. Role of MAP kinase activation in interleukin-8 production by human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells submitted to cyclic stretch. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2002;27:107-14. (Pubitemid 34657398)
44. Chu EK, Cheng J, Foley JS, et al. Induction of the plasminogen activator system by mechanical stimulation of human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2006;35:628-38. (Pubitemid 44901852)
45. Chu EK, Foley JS, Cheng J, et al. Bronchial epithelial compression regulates epidermal growth factor receptor family ligand expression in an autocrine manner. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2005;32:373-80. (Pubitemid 40629321)
46. Nieman DC. Is infection risk linked to exercise workload? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:S406-11. (Pubitemid 30482640)
47. Denguezli M, Ben Chiekh I, Ben Saad H, et al. One-year endurance training: effects on lung function and airway inflammation. J Sports Sci 2008;26:1351-9.
48. Hashimoto S, Matsumoto K, Gon Y, et al. Hyperosmolarity-induced interleukin-8 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:634-40. (Pubitemid 29084892)
49. Furuichi S, Hashimoto S, Gon Y, et al. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase regulate interleukin-8 and RANTES production in hyperosmolarity stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells. Respirology 2002;7:193-200.
50. Hallstrand TS, Moody MW, Aitken ML, et al. Airway immunopathology of asthma with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;116:586-93. (Pubitemid 41267132)
51. Hartert T V, Dworski RT, Mellen BG, et al. Prostaglandin E(2) decreases allergen-stimulated release of prostaglandin D(2) in airways of subjects with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:637-40. (Pubitemid 30647212)
52. Hallstrand TS, Debley JS, Farin FM, et al. Role of MUC5AC in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;119:1092-8. (Pubitemid 46654164)
53. Turcotte H, Langdeau JB, Thibault G, et al. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms in an athlete population. Respir Med 2003;97:955-63. (Pubitemid 36944127)
54. Erjefält JS, Erjefält I, Sundler F, et al. In vivo restitution of airway epithelium. Cell Tissue Res 1995;281:305-16.
55. Holgate ST. Epithelium dysfunction in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;120:1233-44. (Pubitemid 350225687)
56. Erjefält JS, Persson CG. Airway epithelial repair: breathtakingly quick and multipotentially pathogenic. Thorax 1997;52:1010-12. (Pubitemid 27514499)
57. Persson CG, Erjefält JS, Andersson M, et al. Extravasation, lamina propria flooding and lumenal entry of bulk plasma exudate in mucosal defence, inflammation and repair. Pulm Pharmacol 1996;9:129-39. (Pubitemid 26401815)
58. Sue-Chu M, Brannan JD, Anderson SD, et al. Airway hyper-responsiveness to methacholine, adenosine 5-monophosphate, mannitol, eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea and field exercise challenge in elite cross-country skiers. Br J Sports Med 2010;44:827-32.
59. Anderson SD, Kippelen P. Airway injury as a mechanism for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in elite athletes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;122:225-35.
60. Helenius IJ, Tikkanen HO, Haahtela T. Occurrence of exercise induced bronchospasm in elite runners: dependence on atopy and exposure to cold air and pollen. Br J Sports Med 1998;32:125-9. (Pubitemid 28271446)
61. Helenius IJ, Tikkanen HO, Sarna S, et al. Asthma and increased bronchial responsiveness in elite athletes: atopy and sport event as risk factors. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:646-52. (Pubitemid 28228309)
62. Bougault V, Turmel J, Boulet LP. Airway hyper-responsiveness in elite swimmers: is it a transient phenomenon? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127:892-8.
63. Helenius I, Rytilä P, Sarna S, et al. Effect of continuing or finishing high-level sports on airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and asthma: a 5-year prospective follow-up study of 42 highly trained swimmers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:962-8. (Pubitemid 34634306)