메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 287, Issue 16, 2012, Pages 12759-12770

Genetic dissection of pyrimidine biosynthesis and salvage in Leishmania donovani

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUXOTROPHY; CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATES; COMPLEMENTATION; GENETIC DISSECTION; LEISHMANIA; LIFE CYCLE STAGES; MAMMALIAN HOSTS; MUTANT LINES; NUCLEOBASES; NULL MUTANT; PARASITE-; PROMASTIGOTES; PROTOZOAN PARASITES; PYRIMIDINE BIOSYNTHESIS; PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOSIDES; RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION; SALVAGE ENZYMES; SALVAGE PATHWAY; SYNTHETASES; URACIL PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS;

EID: 84859765845     PISSN: 00219258     EISSN: 1083351X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M112.346502     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0042853713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purine and pyrimidine transport and metabolism
    • Marr, J. J., Nilsen, T. W., and Komuniecki, R., eds Academic Press Ltd., London
    • Carter, N., Rager, N, and Ullman, B. (2003) Purine and pyrimidine transport and metabolism. in Molecular and Medical Parasitology (Marr, J. J., Nilsen, T. W., and Komuniecki, R., eds) pp. 197-223, Academic Press Ltd., London
    • (2003) Molecular and Medical Parasitology , pp. 197-223
    • Carter, N.1    Rager, N.2    Ullman, B.3
  • 2
    • 0019137618 scopus 로고
    • Enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis in Trypanosoma cruzi
    • DOI 10.1016/0014-5793(80)80233-X
    • Hammond, D. J., and Gutteridge, W. E. (1980) Enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis in Trypanosoma cruzi. FEBS Lett. 118, 259-262 (Pubitemid 11233100)
    • (1980) FEBS Letters , vol.118 , Issue.2 , pp. 259-262
    • Hammond, D.J.1    Gutteridge, W.E.2
  • 5
    • 15944376513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the first pyrimidine nucleo-base transporter in Leishmania. Similarities with the Trypanosoma brucei U1 transporter and antileishmanial activity of uracil analogues
    • Papageorgiou I. G., Yakob, L., Al Salabi, M. I., Diallinas, G., Soteriadou, K. P., De Koning, H. P. (2005) Identification of the first pyrimidine nucleo-base transporter in Leishmania. Similarities with the Trypanosoma brucei U1 transporter and antileishmanial activity of uracil analogues. Parasitology 130, 275-283
    • (2005) Parasitology , vol.130 , pp. 275-283
    • Papageorgiou, I.G.1    Yakob, L.2    Al Salabi, M.I.3    Diallinas, G.4    Soteriadou, K.P.5    De Koning, H.P.6
  • 7
    • 0033597783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleoside hydrolase from Leishmania major. Cloning, expression, catalytic properties, transition state inhibitors, and the 2.5-Å crystal structure
    • Shi, W., Schramm, V. L., and Almo, S. C. (1999) Nucleoside hydrolase from Leishmania major. Cloning, expression, catalytic properties, transition state inhibitors, and the 2.5-Å crystal structure. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 21114-21120
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 21114-21120
    • Shi, W.1    Schramm, V.L.2    Almo, S.C.3
  • 8
    • 0022496137 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of the purine- and pyrimidine-metabolizing enzymes of a range of trypanosomatids
    • Hassan, H. F., and Coombs, G. H. (1986) A comparative study of the purine- and pyrimidine-metabolizing enzymes of a range of trypanosomatids. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 84, 219-223
    • (1986) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B , vol.84 , pp. 219-223
    • Hassan, H.F.1    Coombs, G.H.2
  • 10
    • 0025317712 scopus 로고
    • Bifunctional thymidylate synthase- dihydrofolate reductase in protozoa
    • Ivanetich, K. M., and Santi, D. V. (1990) Bifunctional thymidylate synthase- dihydrofolate reductase in protozoa. FASEB J. 4, 1591-1597
    • (1990) FASEB J. , vol.4 , pp. 1591-1597
    • Ivanetich, K.M.1    Santi, D.V.2
  • 13
    • 0035668550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nonspecific nucleoside hydrolase from Leishmania donovani. Implications for purine salvage by the parasite
    • Cui, L., Rajasekariah, G. R., and Martin, S. K. (2001) A nonspecific nucleoside hydrolase from Leishmania donovani. Implications for purine salvage by the parasite. Gene 280, 153-162
    • (2001) Gene , vol.280 , pp. 153-162
    • Cui, L.1    Rajasekariah, G.R.2    Martin, S.K.3
  • 14
    • 0021287749 scopus 로고
    • A bifunctional thymidylate synthetase-dihydrofolate reductase in protozoa
    • Garrett, C. E., Coderre, J. A., Meek, T. D., Garvey, E. P., Claman, D. M., Beverley, S. M., and Santi, D. V. (1984) A bifunctional thymidylate synthetase- dihydrofolate reductase in protozoa. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 11, 257-265 (Pubitemid 14082594)
    • (1984) Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology , vol.VOL. 11 , pp. 257-265
    • Garrett, C.E.1    Coderre, J.A.2    Meek, T.D.3
  • 15
    • 0033534532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel organization and sequences of five genes encoding all six enzymes for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in Trypanosoma cruzi
    • DOI 10.1006/jmbi.1998.2293
    • Gao, G., Nara, T., Nakajima-Shimada, J., and Aoki, T. (1999) Novel organization and sequences of five genes encoding all six enzymes for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in Trypanosoma cruzi. J. Mol. Biol. 285, 149-161 (Pubitemid 29034033)
    • (1999) Journal of Molecular Biology , vol.285 , Issue.1 , pp. 149-161
    • Gao, G.1    Nara, T.2    Nakajima-Shimada, J.3    Aoki, T.4
  • 20
    • 14644431768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origin of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase genes of kinetoplastids, with special reference to their biological significance and adaptation to anaerobic, parasitic conditions
    • DOI 10.1007/s00239-004-0078-8
    • Annoura, T., Nara, T., Makiuchi, T., Hashimoto, T., and Aoki, T. (2005) The origin of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase genes of kinetoplastids, with special reference to their biological significance and adaptation to anaerobic, parasitic conditions. J. Mol. Evol. 60, 113-127 (Pubitemid 40310764)
    • (2005) Journal of Molecular Evolution , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 113-127
    • Annoura, T.1    Nara, T.2    Makiuchi, T.3    Hashimoto, T.4    Aoki, T.5
  • 23
    • 33744937343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conditional mutant deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase validates the purine salvage pathway of Leishmania donovani
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.M600188200
    • Boitz, J. M., and Ullman, B. (2006) A conditional mutant deficient in hypoxanthine- guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase validates the purine salvage pathway of Leishmania donovani. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 16084-16089 (Pubitemid 43848503)
    • (2006) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.281 , Issue.23 , pp. 16084-16089
    • Boitz, J.M.1    Ullman, B.2
  • 24
    • 33646926473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leishmania donovani singly deficient in HGPRT, APRT or XPRT are viable in vitro and within mammalian macrophages
    • DOI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.02.015, PII S0166685106000740
    • Boitz, J. M., and Ullman, B. (2006) Leishmania donovani singly deficient in HGPRT, APRT, or XPRT are viable in vitro and within mammalian macrophages. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 148, 24-30 (Pubitemid 43795862)
    • (2006) Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology , vol.148 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-30
    • Boitz, J.M.1    Ullman, B.2
  • 25
    • 0029806952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creation of homozygous mutants of Leishmania donovani with single targeting constructs
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.271.48.30840
    • Hwang, H. Y., Gilberts, T., Jardim, A., Shih, S., and Ullman, B. (1996) Creation of homozygous mutants of Leishmania donovani with single targeting constructs. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 30840-30846 (Pubitemid 26404107)
    • (1996) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.271 , Issue.48 , pp. 30840-30846
    • Hwang, H.-Y.1    Gilberts, T.2    Jardim, A.3    Shih, S.4    Ullman, B.5
  • 26
    • 0030803896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of purine metabolism in Leishmania donovani
    • Hwang, H. Y., and Ullman, B. (1997) Genetic analysis of purine metabolism in Leishmania donovani. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 19488-19496
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 19488-19496
    • Hwang, H.Y.1    Ullman, B.2
  • 27
    • 0021733798 scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of adenine metabolism in Leishmania donovani promastigotes. Evidence for diploidy at the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase locus
    • Iovannisci, D. M., Goebel, D., Allen, K., Kaur, K., and Ullman, B. (1984) Genetic analysis of adenine metabolism in Leishmania donovani promastigotes. Evidence for diploidy at the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase locus. J. Biol. Chem. 259, 14617-14623 (Pubitemid 15221119)
    • (1984) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.259 , Issue.23 , pp. 14617-14623
    • Iovannisci, D.M.1    Goebel, D.2    Allen, K.3
  • 28
    • 0021129833 scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of nucleoside transport in Leishmania donovani
    • Iovannisci, D. M., Kaur, K., Young, L., and Ullman, B. (1984) Genetic analysis of nucleoside transport in Leishmania donovani. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4, 1013-1019 (Pubitemid 14050716)
    • (1984) Molecular and Cellular Biology , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 1013-1019
    • Iovannisci, D.M.1    Kaur, K.2    Young, L.3    Ullman, B.4
  • 30
    • 0027442471 scopus 로고
    • Two more independent selectable markers for stable transfection of Leishmania
    • Freedman, D. J., and Beverley, S. M. (1993) Two more independent selectable markers for stable transfection of Leishmania. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 62, 37-44
    • (1993) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.62 , pp. 37-44
    • Freedman, D.J.1    Beverley, S.M.2
  • 31
    • 0343267840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the green fluorescent protein as a marker in transfected Leishmania
    • DOI 10.1016/0166-6851(96)02580-7
    • Ha, D. S., Schwarz, J. K., Turco, S. J., and Beverley, S. M. (1996) Use of the green fluorescent protein as a marker in transfected Leishmania. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 77, 57-64 (Pubitemid 26186162)
    • (1996) Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-64
    • Sean, H.D.1    Schwarz, J.K.2    Turco, S.J.3    Beverley, S.M.4
  • 33
    • 0015382994 scopus 로고
    • A monophasic medium for cultivating Leishmania donovani in large numbers
    • Dwyer, D. M. (1972) A monophasic medium for cultivating Leishmania donovani in large numbers. J. Parasitol. 58, 847-848
    • (1972) J. Parasitol. , vol.58 , pp. 847-848
    • Dwyer, D.M.1
  • 34
    • 0016832508 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two geographic strains of Leishmania donovani by resistance of mice to superinfection
    • Holbrook, T. W., and Palczuk, N. C. (1975) Comparison of two geographic strains of Leishmania donovani by resistance of mice to superinfection. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 24, 704-706
    • (1975) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.24 , pp. 704-706
    • Holbrook, T.W.1    Palczuk, N.C.2
  • 35
    • 1242294372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of Leishmania donovani axenic amastigotes: Their growth and biological characteristics
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2003.10.011
    • Debrabant, A., Joshi, M. B., Pimenta, P. F., and Dwyer, D. M. (2004) Generation of Leishmania donovani axenic amastigotes. Their growth and biological characteristics. Int. J. Parasitol. 34, 205-217 (Pubitemid 38229824)
    • (2004) International Journal for Parasitology , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 205-217
    • Debrabant, A.1    Joshi, M.B.2    Pimenta, P.F.P.3    Dwyer, D.M.4
  • 37
    • 0021085378 scopus 로고
    • High efficiency plating method for Leishmania promastigotes in semidefined or completely-defined medium
    • Iovannisci, D. M., and Ullman, B. (1983) High efficiency plating method for Leishmania promastigotes in semidefined or completely defined medium. J. Parasitol. 69, 633-636 (Pubitemid 14239819)
    • (1983) Journal of Parasitology , vol.69 , Issue.4 , pp. 633-636
    • Iovannisci, D.M.1    Ullman, B.2
  • 38
    • 0033991437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple colorimetric method to screen drug cytotoxicity against Leishmania using the dye Alamar Blue
    • Mikus, J., and Steverding, D. (2000) A simple colorimetric method to screen drug cytotoxicity against Leishmania using the dye Alamar Blue. Parasitol. Int. 48, 265-269
    • (2000) Parasitol. Int. , vol.48 , pp. 265-269
    • Mikus, J.1    Steverding, D.2
  • 39
    • 78650304052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rapid, efficient and economical method for generating leishmanial gene targeting constructs
    • Fulwiler, A. L., Soysa, D. R., Ullman, B., and Yates, P. A. (2011) A rapid, efficient and economical method for generating leishmanial gene targeting constructs. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 175, 209-212
    • (2011) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.175 , pp. 209-212
    • Fulwiler, A.L.1    Soysa, D.R.2    Ullman, B.3    Yates, P.A.4
  • 40
    • 79957983975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Leishmania donovani UMP synthase is essential for promastigote viability and has an unusual tetrameric structure that exhibits substrate-controlled oligomerization
    • French, J. B., Yates, P. A., Soysa, D. R., Boitz, J. M., Carter, N. S., Chang, B., Ullman, B., and Ealick, S. E. (2011) The Leishmania donovani UMP synthase is essential for promastigote viability and has an unusual tetrameric structure that exhibits substrate-controlled oligomerization. J. Biol. Chem. 286, 20930-20941
    • (2011) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.286 , pp. 20930-20941
    • French, J.B.1    Yates, P.A.2    Soysa, D.R.3    Boitz, J.M.4    Carter, N.S.5    Chang, B.6    Ullman, B.7    Ealick, S.E.8
  • 41
    • 0037884861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvements in transfection efficiency and tests of RNA interference (RNAi) approaches in the protozoan parasite Leishmania
    • DOI 10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00079-3
    • Robinson, K. A., and Beverley, S. M. (2003) Improvements in transfection efficiency and tests of RNA interference (RNAi) approaches in the protozoan parasite Leishmania. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 128, 217-228 (Pubitemid 36549251)
    • (2003) Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology , vol.128 , Issue.2 , pp. 217-228
    • Robinson, K.A.1    Beverley, S.M.2
  • 42
    • 60549113705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leishmania donovani ornithine decarboxylase is indispensable for parasite survival in the mammalian host
    • Boitz, J. M., Yates, P. A., Kline, C., Gaur, U., Wilson, M. E., Ullman, B., and Roberts, S. C. (2009) Leishmania donovani ornithine decarboxylase is indispensable for parasite survival in the mammalian host. Infect. Immun. 77, 756-763
    • (2009) Infect. Immun. , vol.77 , pp. 756-763
    • Boitz, J.M.1    Yates, P.A.2    Kline, C.3    Gaur, U.4    Wilson, M.E.5    Ullman, B.6    Roberts, S.C.7
  • 43
    • 0029149252 scopus 로고
    • Culture microtitration. A sensitive method for quantifying Leishmania infantum in tissues of infected mice
    • Buffet, P. A., Sulahian, A., Garin, Y. J., Nassar, N., and Derouin, F. (1995) Culture microtitration. A sensitive method for quantifying Leishmania infantum in tissues of infected mice. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39, 2167-2168
    • (1995) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.39 , pp. 2167-2168
    • Buffet, P.A.1    Sulahian, A.2    Garin, Y.J.3    Nassar, N.4    Derouin, F.5
  • 45
    • 0018787266 scopus 로고
    • Gene amplification causes overproduction of the first three enzymes of UMP synthesis in N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate-resistant hamster cells
    • Wahl, G. M., Padgett, R. A., and Stark, G. R. (1979) Gene amplification causes overproduction of the first three enzymes of UMP synthesis in N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate-resistant hamster cells. J. Biol. Chem. 254, 8679-8689
    • (1979) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.254 , pp. 8679-8689
    • Wahl, G.M.1    Padgett, R.A.2    Stark, G.R.3
  • 46
    • 0033969991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • -) Leishmania major elicit predominantly a type-1 cytokine response by human cells in vitro
    • -) Leishmania major elicit predominantly a type-1 cytokine response by human cells in vitro. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 119, 299-304
    • (2000) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.119 , pp. 299-304
    • Brodskyn, C.1    Beverley, S.M.2    Titus, R.G.3
  • 47
    • 0037148779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis is required for virulence of Toxoplasma gondii
    • DOI 10.1038/415926a
    • Fox, B. A., and Bzik, D. J. (2002) De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis is required for virulence of Toxoplasma gondii. Nature 415, 926-929 (Pubitemid 34174756)
    • (2002) Nature , vol.415 , Issue.6874 , pp. 926-929
    • Fox, B.A.1    Bzik, D.J.2
  • 48
    • 0017753376 scopus 로고
    • Specific labeling of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii with uracil
    • Pfefferkorn, E. R., and Pfefferkorn, L. C. (1977) Specific labeling of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii with uracil. J. Protozool. 24, 449-453 (Pubitemid 8237138)
    • (1977) Journal of Protozoology , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 449-453
    • Pfefferkorn, E.R.1    Pfefferkorn, L.C.2
  • 49
    • 0016392671 scopus 로고
    • 3H]uracil into RNA.Asimple technique for the detection of mycoplasma contamination of cultured cells
    • 3H]uracil into RNA.Asimple technique for the detection of mycoplasma contamination of cultured cells. Exp. Cell Res. 84, 311-318
    • (1974) Exp. Cell Res. , vol.84 , pp. 311-318
    • Schneider, E.L.1    Stanbridge, E.J.2    Epstein, C.J.3
  • 50
    • 0023895411 scopus 로고
    • Interferon-γ. The major mediator of resistance against Toxoplasma gondii
    • Suzuki, Y., Orellana, M. A., Schreiber, R. D., and Remington, J. S. (1988) Interferon-γ. The major mediator of resistance against Toxoplasma gondii. Science 240, 516-518
    • (1988) Science , vol.240 , pp. 516-518
    • Suzuki, Y.1    Orellana, M.A.2    Schreiber, R.D.3    Remington, J.S.4
  • 51
    • 0024614164 scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of a Dictyostelium discoideum gene encoding a multifunctional enzyme of the pyrimidine pathway
    • Faure, M., Camonis, J. H., and Jacquet, M. (1989) Molecular characterization of a Dictyostelium discoideum gene encoding a multifunctional enzyme of the pyrimidine pathway. Eur. J. Biochem. 179, 345-358
    • (1989) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.179 , pp. 345-358
    • Faure, M.1    Camonis, J.H.2    Jacquet, M.3
  • 52
    • 0023138795 scopus 로고
    • The rudimentary gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes four enzymic functions
    • Freund, J. N., and Jarry, B. P. (1987) The rudimentary gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes four enzymic functions. J. Mol. Biol. 193, 1-13 (Pubitemid 17228113)
    • (1987) Journal of Molecular Biology , vol.193 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-13
    • Freund, J.N.1    Jarry, B.P.2
  • 53
    • 0026488195 scopus 로고
    • Glycosome assembly in trypanosomes. Variations in the acceptable degeneracy of a COOH-terminal microbody targeting signal
    • Blattner, J., Swinkels, B., Dörsam, H., Prospero, T., Subramani, S., and Clayton, C. (1992) Glycosome assembly in trypanosomes. Variations in the acceptable degeneracy of a COOH-terminal microbody targeting signal. J. Cell Biol. 119, 1129-1136
    • (1992) J. Cell Biol. , vol.119 , pp. 1129-1136
    • Blattner, J.1    Swinkels, B.2    Dörsam, H.3    Prospero, T.4    Subramani, S.5    Clayton, C.6
  • 54
    • 0027054829 scopus 로고
    • In vivo import of firefly luciferase into the glycosomes of Trypanosoma brucei and mutational analysis of the C-terminal targeting signal
    • Sommer, J. M., Cheng, Q. L., Keller, G. A., and Wang, C. C. (1992) In vivo import of firefly luciferase into the glycosomes of Trypanosoma brucei and mutational analysis of the C-terminal targeting signal. Mol. Biol. Cell 3, 749-759 (Pubitemid 23084558)
    • (1992) Molecular Biology of the Cell , vol.3 , Issue.7 , pp. 749-759
    • Sommer, J.M.1    Cheng, Q.-L.2    Keller, G.-A.3    Wang, C.C.4
  • 55
    • 0023464501 scopus 로고
    • Compartmentation of carbohydrate metabolism in trypanosomes
    • Opperdoes, F. R. (1987) Compartmentation of carbohydrate metabolism in trypanosomes. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 41, 127-151
    • (1987) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.41 , pp. 127-151
    • Opperdoes, F.R.1
  • 56
    • 0024039061 scopus 로고
    • Glycosomes may provide clues to the import of peroxisomal proteins
    • Opperdoes, F. R. (1988) Glycosomes may provide clues to the import of peroxisomal proteins. Trends Biochem. Sci. 13, 255-260
    • (1988) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 255-260
    • Opperdoes, F.R.1
  • 57
    • 25444511090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Live nonpathogenic parasitic vector as a candidate vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis
    • DOI 10.1128/IAI.73.10.6372-6382.2005
    • Breton, M., Tremblay, M. J., Ouellette, M., and Papadopoulou, B. (2005) Live nonpathogenic parasitic vector as a candidate vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis. Infect. Immun. 73, 6372-6382 (Pubitemid 41368798)
    • (2005) Infection and Immunity , vol.73 , Issue.10 , pp. 6372-6382
    • Breton, M.1    Tremblay, M.J.2    Ouellette, M.3    Papadopoulou, B.4
  • 58
    • 0034661678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-12 is required to maintain a Th1 response during Leishmania major infection
    • Park, A. Y., Hondowicz, B. D., and Scott, P. (2000) IL-12 is required to maintain a Th1 response during Leishmania major infection. J. Immunol. 165, 896-902 (Pubitemid 30484757)
    • (2000) Journal of Immunology , vol.165 , Issue.2 , pp. 896-902
    • Park, A.Y.1    Hondowicz, B.D.2    Scott, P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.