Generation of Leishmania donovani axenic amastigotes: Their growth and biological characteristics

International Journal for Parasitology

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 205-217

  Debrabant, Alain ^a   Joshi, Manju B ^b   Pimenta, Paulo F P ^c   Dwyer, Dennis M ^b  

^a CENTER FOR BIOLOGICS EVALUATION AND RESEARCH   (United States)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^c INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Culture system; Infectivity; Leishmaniasis; Parasite; Trypanosomatid; Virulence

Indexed keywords

ACID PHOSPHATASE; PROTEIN DERIVATIVE;

LEISHMANIASIS; PARASITE; TRYPANOSOMIASIS; VIRULENCE;

ACCURACY; AMASTIGOTE; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; CELL LINE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CULTURE MEDIUM; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME RELEASE; ENZYME SYNTHESIS; GERMFREE ANIMAL; GROWTH RATE; HAMSTER; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; LEISHMANIA DONOVANI; MICROMORPHOLOGY; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PROTOZOAL INFECTION; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS;

CRICETINAE; LEISHMANIA DONOVANI;

EID: 1242294372     PISSN: 00207519     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2003.10.011     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Arastu-Kapur S., Ford E., Ullman B., Carter N.S. Functional analysis of an inosine-guanosine transporter from Leishmania donovani: the role of conserved residues, aspartate 389 and arginine 393. J. Biol. Chem. 278:2003;33327-33333.
2. Bates P.A. Characterization of developmentally-regulated nucleases in promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana. Fed. Eur. Microbiol. Soc. Microbiol. Lett. 107:1993;53-58.
3. Bates P.A., Dwyer D.M. Biosynthesis and secretion of acid phosphatase by Leishmania donovani promastigotes. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 26:1987;289-296.
4. Bates P.A., Kurtz M.K., Gottlieb M., Dwyer D.M. Leishmania donovani: generation of monospecific antibody reagents to soluble acid phosphatase. Exp. Parasitol. 64:1987;157-164.
5. Bates P.A., Gottlieb M., Dwyer D.M. Leishmania donovani: identification of glycoproteins released by promastigotes during growth in vitro. Exp. Parasitol. 67:1988;199-209.
6. Beverley S.M., Turco S.J. Identification of genes mediating lipophosphoglycan biosynthesis by functional complementation of Leishmania donovani mutants. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 89:1995;11-17.
7. Brendle J.J., Outlaw A., Kumar A., Boykin D.W., Patrick D.A., Tidwell R.R., Werbovetz K.A. Antileishmanial activities of several classes of aromatic dications. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46:2002;797-807.
8. Charest H., Matlashewski G. Developmental gene expression in Leishmania donovani: differential cloning and analysis of an amastigote-stage-specific gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1994;2975-2984.
9. Debrabant A., Gottlieb M., Dwyer D.M. Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding the surface membrane 3′-nucleotidase/nuclease of Leishmania donovani. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 71:1995;51-63.
10. Debrabant A., Ghedin E., Dwyer D.M. Dissection of the functional domains of the Leishmania surface membrane 3′-nucleotidase/nuclease, a unique member of the class I nuclease family. J. Biol. Chem. 275:2000;16366-16372.
11. Debrabant A., Lee N., Pogue G., Dwyer D., Nakhasi H. Expression of calreticulin P-domain results in impairment of secretory pathway in Leishmania donovani and reduced parasite survival in macrophages. Int. J. Parasitol. 32:2002;1423-1434.
12. Debrabant A., Lee N., Bertholet S., Duncan R., Nakhasi H.L. Programmed cell death in trypanosomatids and other unicellular organisms. Int. J. Parasitol. 33:2003;257-267.
13. Descoteaux A., Avila H.A., Zhang K., Turco S.J., Beverley S.M. Leishmania LPG3 encodes a GRP94 homolog required for phosphoglycan synthesis implicated in parasite virulence but not viability. Eur. Mol. Biol. Org. J. 21:2002;4458-4469.
14. Doyle P.S., Dwyer D.M. Leishmania: immunochemical comparison of the secretory (extracellular) acid phosphatases from various species. Exp. Parasitol. 77:1993;435-444.
15. Doyle P.S., Engel J.C., Pimenta P.F., da Silva P.P., Dwyer D.M. Leishmania donovani: long-term culture of axenic amastigotes at 37 degrees C. Exp. Parasitol. 73:1991;326-334.
16. Duncan R., Alvarez R., Jaffe C.L., Wiese M., Klutch M., Shakarian A., Dwyer D., Nakhasi H.L. Early response gene expression during differentiation of cultured Leishmania donovani. Parasitol. Res. 87:2001;897-906.
17. Dwyer D.M. Antibody-induced modulation of Leishmania donovani surface membrane antigens. J. Immunol. 117:1976;2081-2091.
18. Dwyer D.M. Leishmania donovani: surface membrane carbohydrates of promastigotes. Exp. Parasitol. 41:1977;341-358.
19. Dwyer D.M., Langreth S.G., Dwyer N.K. Evidence for a polysaccharide surface coat in the developmental stages of Leishmania donovani: a fine structure-cytochemical study. Z. Parasitenkd. 43:1974;227-249.
20. Ellis S.L., Shakarian A.M., Dwyer D.M. Leishmania: amastigotes synthesize conserved secretory acid phosphatases during human infection. Exp. Parasitol. 89:1998;161-168.
21. Ghedin E., Charest H., Zhang W.W., Debrabant A., Dwyer D., Matlashewski G. Inducible expression of suicide genes in Leishmania donovani amastigotes. J. Biol. Chem. 273:1998;22997-23003.
22. Goyard S., Segawa H., Gordon J., Showalter M., Duncan R., Turco S.J., Berveley S.M. An in vitro system for developmental and genetic studies of Leishmania donovani phosphoglycans. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 130:2003;31-42.
23. Gupta N., Goyal N., Rastogi A.K. In vitro cultivation and characterization of axenic amastigotes of Leishmania. Trends Parasitol. 17:2001;150-153.
24. Handman E. Leishmaniasis: current status of vaccine development. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 14:2001;229-243.
25. Havens C.G., Bryant N., Asher L., Lamoreaux L., Perfetto S., Brendle J.J., Werbovetz K.A. Cellular effects of leishmanial tubulin inhibitors on L. donovani. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 110:2000;223-236.
26. Joshi M., Dwyer D.M., Nakhasi H.L. Cloning and characterization of differentially expressed genes from in vitro-grown amastigotes of Leishmania donovani. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 58:1993;345-354.
27. Joshi M., Pogue G.P., Duncan R.C., Lee N.S., Singh N.K., Atreya C.D., Dwyer D.M., Nakhasi H.L. Isolation and characterization of Leishmania donovani calreticulin gene and its conservation of the RNA binding activity. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 81:1996;53-64.
28. Laemmli U.K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 227:1970;680-685.
29. Lee N., Bertholet S., Debrabant A., Muller J., Duncan R., Nakhasi H.L. Programmed cell death in the unicellular protozoan parasite Leishmania. Cell Death Differ. 9:2002;53-64.
30. Padilla A., Noiva R., Lee N., Mohan K.V., Nakhasi H.L., Debrabant A. An atypical protein disulfide isomerase from the protozoan parasite Leishmania containing a single thioredoxin-like domain. J. Biol. Chem. 278:2003;1872-1878.
31. Pimenta P.F., de Souza W. Leishmania mexicana amazonensis: surface charge of amastigote and promastigote forms. Exp. Parasitol. 56:1983;194-206.
32. Pitzer K.K., Werbovetz K.A., Brendle J.J., Scovill J.P. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-chloro-3, 5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride analogues as antileishmanial agents. J. Med. Chem. 41:1998;4885-4889.
33. Pogue G.P., Lee N.S., Koul S., Dwyer D.M., Nakhasi H.L. Identification of differentially expressed Leishmania donovani genes using arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reactions. Gene. 165:1995;31-38.
34. Selvapandiyan A., Duncan R., Debrabant A., Bertholet S., Sreenivas G., Negi N.S., Salotra P., Nakhasi H.L. Expression of a mutant form of Leishmania donovani centrin reduces the growth of the parasite. J. Biol. Chem. 276:2001;43253-43261.
35. Shakarian A.M., Dwyer D.M. The Ld Cht1 gene encodes the secretory chitinase of the human pathogen Leishmania donovani. Gene. 208:1998;315-322.
36. Shakarian A.M., Ellis S.L., Mallinson D.J., Olafson R.W., Dwyer D.M. Two tandemly arrayed genes encode the (histidine) secretory acid phosphatases of Leishmania donovani. Gene. 196:1997;127-137.
37. Shakarian A.M., Joshi M.B., Ghedin E., Dwyer D.M. Molecular dissection of the functional domains of a unique, tartrate-resistant, surface membrane acid phosphatase in the primitive human pathogen Leishmania donovani. J. Biol. Chem. 277:2002;17994-18001.
38. Shakarian A.M., Joshi M.B., Yamage M., Ellis S.L., Debrabant A., Dwyer D.M. Members of a unique histidine acid phosphatase family are conserved amongst a group of primitive eukaryotic human pathogens. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 245:2003;31-41.
39. Smith P.K., Krohn R.I., Hermanson G.T., Mallia A.K., Gartner F.H., Provenzano M.D., Fujimoto E.K., Goeke N.M., Olson B.J., Klenk D.C. Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid. Anal. Biochem. 150:1985;76-85.
40. Stauber L.A. Characterization of strains of Leishmania donovani. Exp. Parasitol. 18:1966;1-11.
41. Stein A., Vasudevan G., Carter N.S., Ullman B., Landfear S.M., Kavanaugh M. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter family members from Leishmania donovani are electrogenic proton symporters. J. Biol. Chem. 278:2003;35127-35134.
42. Vasudevan G., Ullman B., Landfear S.M. Point mutations in a nucleoside transporter gene from Leishmania donovani confer drug resistance and alter substrate selectivity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98:2001;6092-6097.
43. Zhang W.W., Matlashewski G. Loss of virulence in Leishmania donovani deficient in an amastigote-specific protein, A2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94:1997;8807-8811.
44. Zlotnick G.W., Mackow M.C., Gottlieb M. Renaturation of Leishmania donovani 3′-nucleotidase following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 87:1987;629-635.