Optofluidic ring resonator biological and chemical sensors

Practical Applications of Microresonators in Optics and Photonics

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 385-420

  Fan, Xudong ^a   White, Ian M ^a   Shopova, Siyka I ^a   Zhu, Hongying ^a   Suter, Jonathan D ^a   Sun, Yuze ^a   Yang, Gilmo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84859647838     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (135)

1. J. Homola, S. S. Yee, and G. Gauglitz. Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review. Sensors and Actuators B 54, 3-15, 1999.
2. C. L. Baird, and D. G. Myszka. Current and emerging commercial optical biosensors. Journal of Molecular Recognition, 14, 261-268, 2001.
3. http://www.biacore.com/lifesciences/index.html. November 8, 2008.
4. R. Narayanaswamy, and O. S. Wolfbeis. Optical Sensors. Springer, New York, 2004.
5. L. M. Lechuga, A. T. M. Lenferink, R. P. H. Kooyman, and J. Greve. Feasibility of evanescent wave interferometer immunosensors for pesticide detection: chemical aspects. Sensors and Actuators B, 25, 762-765, 1995.
6. C. R. Lavers, K. Itoh, S. C. Wu, M. Murabayashi, I. Mauchline, G. Stewart, and T. Stout. Planar optical waveguides for sensing applications. Sensors and Actuators B, 69, 85-95, 2000.
7. A. Ymeti, J. Greve, P. V. Lambeck, T. Wink, S. W. F. M. v. Hovell, T. A. M. Beumer, R. R. Wijn, R. G. Heideman, V. Subramaniam, and J. S. Kanger. Fast, ultrasensitive virus detection using a Young interferometer sensor. Nano Letters, 7, 394-397, 2007.
8. A. Serpenguzel, S. Arnold, and G. Griffel. Excitation of resonances of microspheres on an optical fiber. Optics Letters, 20, 654-656, 1995.
9. F. Vollmer, D. Braun, A. Libchaber, M. Khoshsima, I. Teraoka, and S. Arnold. Protein detection by optical shift of a resonant microcavity. Applied Physics Letters, 80, 4057-4059, 2002.
10. S. Arnold, M. Khoshsima, I. Teraoka, S. Holler, and F. Vollmer. Shift of whispering-gallery modes in microspheres by protein adsorption. Optics Letters, 28, 272-274, 2003.
11. I. Teraoka, S. Arnold, and F. Vollmer. Perturbation approach to resonance shifts of whisperinggallery modes in a dielectric microsphere as a probe of a surrounding medium. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 20, 1937-1947, 2003.
12. F. Vollmer, S. Arnold, D. Braun, I. Teraoka, and A. Libchaber. Multiplexed DNA quantification by spectroscopic shift of two microsphere cavities. Biophysical Journal, 85, 1974-1979, 2003.
13. M. Noto, M. Khoshsima, D. Keng, I. Teraoka, V. Kolchenko, and S. Arnold. Molecular weight dependence of a whispering gallery mode biosensor. Applied Physics Letters, 87, 223901, 2005.
14. M. Noto, F. Vollmer, D. Keng, I. Teraoka, and S. Arnold. Nanolayer characterization through wavelength multiplexing of a microsphere resonator. Optics Letters, 30, 510-512, 2005.
15. I. Teraoka, and S. Arnold. Theory of resonance shifts in TE and TM whispering gallery modes by nonradial perturbations for sensing applications. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 23, 1381-1389, 2006.
16. I. Teraoka, and S. Arnold. Enhancing the sensitivity of a whispering-gallery mode microsphere sensor by a high-refractive-index surface layer. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 23, 1434-1441, 2006.
17. X. Fan, P. Palinginis, S. Lacey, H. Wang, and M. C. Lonergan. Coupling semiconductor nanocrystals to a fused-silica microsphere: a quantum-dot microcavity with extremely high Q factors. Optics Letters, 25, 1600-1602, 2000.
18. I. M. White, and X. Fan. Demonstration of composite microsphere cavity and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for improved sensitivity. In Chemical and Biological Sensors for Industrial and Environmental Security, A. J. Sedlacek, S. D. Christesen, R. J. Combs, and T. Vo-Dinh SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2005, 59940G.
19. N. M. Hanumegowda, C. J. Stica, B. C. Patel, I. M. White, and X. Fan. Refractometric sensors based on microsphere resonators. Applied Physics Letters, 87, 201107, 2005.
20. I. M. White, N. M. Hanumegowda, and X. Fan. Subfemtomole detection of small molecules with microsphere sensors. Optics Letters, 30, 3189-3191, 2005.
21. N. M. Hanumegowda, I. M. White, H. Oveys, and X. Fan. Label-free protease sensors based on optical microsphere resonators. Sensor Letters, 3, 315-319, 2005.
22. I. M. White, N. M. Hanumegowda, H. Oveys, and X. Fan. Tuning whispering gallery modes in optical microspheres with chemical etching. Optics Express, 13, 10754-10759, 2005.
23. N. M. Hanumegowda, I. M. White, and X. Fan. Aqueous mercuric ion detection with microsphere optical ring resonator sensors. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 120, 207-212, 2006.
24. I. M. White, H. Oveys, and X. Fan. Increasing the enhancement of SERS with dielectric microsphere resonators. Spectroscopy, 21, 36-42, 2006.
25. H. Zhu, J. D. Suter, I. M. White, and X. Fan. Aptamer based microsphere biosensor for thrombin detection. Sensors, 6, 785-795, 2006.
26. J. P. Rezac, and A. T. Rosenberger. Locking a microsphere whispering-gallery mode to a laser. Optics Express, 8, 605-610, 2001.
27. J. L. Nadeau, V. S. Ilchenko, D. Kossakovski, G. H. Bearman, and L. Maleki. High-Q whispering- gallery mode sensor in liquids. In Laser Resonators and Beam Control V, A. V. Kudryashov, ed. Bellingham, WA, 2002, 4629, 172-180.
28. A. M. Armani, and K. J. Vahala. Heavy water detection using ultra-high-Q microcavities. Optics Letters, 31, 1896-1898, 2006.
29. H. Quan, and Z. Guo. Simulation of whispering-gallery-mode resonance shifts for optical miniature biosensors. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 93, 231-243, 2005.
30. C.-Y. Chao, and L. J. Guo. Biochemical sensors based on polymer microrings with sharp asymmetrical resonance. Applied Physics Letters, 83, 1527-1529, 2003.
31. C.-Y. Chao, W. Fung, and L. J. Guo. Polymer microring resonators for biochemical sensing applications. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 12, 134-142, 2006.
32. J. Yang, and L. J. Guo. Optical sensors based on active microcavities. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 12, 143-147, 2006.
33. A. Yalcin, K. C. Popat, O. C. Aldridge, T. A. Desai, J. Hryniewicz, N. Chbouki, B. E. Little, O. King, V. Van, S. Chu, D. Gill, M. Anthes-Washburn, M. S. Unlu, and B. B. Goldberg. Optical sensing of biomolecules using microring resonators. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 12, 148-155, 2006.
34. A. Ksendzov, and Y. Lin. Integrated optics ring-resonator sensors for protein detection. Optics Letters, 30, 3344-3346, 2005.
35. A. Ksendzov, M. L. Homer, and A. M. Manfreda. Integrated optics ring-resonator chemical sensor with polymer transduction layer. Electronics Letters, 40, 63-65 2004.
36. E. Krioukov, D. Klunder, A. Driessen, J. Grevea, and C. Otto. Two-photon fluorescence excitation using an integrated optical microcavity: a promising tool for biosensing of natural chromophores. Talanta, 65, 1086-1090, 2005.
37. E. Krioukov, J. Greve, and C. Otto. Performance of integrated optical microcavities for refractive index and fluorescence sensing. Sensors and Actuators B, 90, 58-67, 2003.
38. E. Krioukov, D. J. W. Klunder, A. Driessen, J. Greve, and C. Otto. Integrated optical microcavities for enhanced evanescent-wave spectroscopy. Optics Letters, 27, 1504-1506, 2002.
39. R. W. Boyd, and J. E. Heebner. Sensitive disk resonator photonic biosensor. Applied Optics, 40, 5742-5747, 2001.
40. S. Blair, and Y. Chen. Resonant-enhanced evanescent-wave fluorescence biosensing with cylindrical optical cavities. Applied Optics, 40, 570-582, 2001.
41. J. Scheuer, W. M. J. Green, G. A. DeRose, and A. Yariv. InGaAsP annular Bragg lasers: theory, applications, and modal properties. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 11, 476-484, 2005.
42. T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, C. Walker, and A. Scherer. High-Q ring resonators in thin siliconon- insulator. Applied Physics Letters, 85, 3346-3347, 2004.
43. T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg, C. Walker, and A. Scherer. High-Q optical resonators in siliconon- insulator-based slot waveguides. Applied Physics Letters, 86, 081101, 2005.
44. V. R. Almeida, Q. Xu, C. A. Barrios, and M. Lipson. Guiding and confining light in void nanostructure. Optics Letters, 29, 1209-1211, 2004.
45. A. Ramachandran, S. Wang, J. Clarke, S. J. Ja, D. Goad, L. Wald, E. M. Flood, E. Knobbe, J. V. Hryniewicz, S. T. Chu, D. Gill, W. Chen, O. King, and B. E. Little. A universal biosensing platform based on optical micro-ring resonators. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 23, 939-944, 2008.
46. J. Topolancik, and F. Vollmer. Photoinduced transformations in bacteriorhodopsin membrane monitored with optical microcavities. Biophysical Journal, 92, 2223-2229, 2007.
47. F. Vollmer, and P. Fischer. Ring-resonator-based frequency-domain optical activity measurements of a chiral liquid. Optics Letters, 31, 453-455, 2006.
48. S. Arnold, R. Ramjit, D. Keng, V. Kolchenko, and I. Teraoka. MicroParticle photophysics illuminates viral bio-sensing. Faraday Discussions, 137, 65-83, 2008.
49. D. Keng, S. R. McAnanama, I. Teraoka, and S. Arnold. Resonance fluctuations of a whispering gallery mode biosensor by particles undergoing Brownian motion. Applied Physics Letters, 91, 103902, 2007.
50. M. Noto, D. Keng, I. Teraoka, and S. Arnold. Detection of protein orientation on the silica microsphere surface using transverse electric/transverse magnetic whispering gallery modes. Biophysical Journal, 92, 4466-4472, 2007.
51. R. K. Chang, and A. J. Campillo. Optical Processes in Microcavities. World Scientific, Singapore, 1996.
52. C. F. Bohren, and D. R. Huffman. Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1998.
53. K. Vahala. Optical Microcavities. World Scientific, Singapore, 2005.
54. M. L. Gorodetsky, A. A. Savchenkov, and V. S. Ilchenko. Ultimate Q of optical microsphere resonators. Optics Letters, 21, 453-455, 1996.
55. H.-J. Moon, Y.-T. Chough, and K. An. Cylindrical Microcavity Laser Based on the Evanescent-Wave-Coupled Gain. Physical Review Letters, 85, 3161-3164, 2000.
56. H.-M. Tzeng, K. F. Wall, M. B. Long, and R. K. Chang. Laser emission from individual droplets at wavelengths corresponding to morphology-dependent resonances. Optics Letters, 9, 499-501, 1984.
57. J. B. Snow, S.-X. Qian, and R. K. Chang. Stimulated Raman scattering from individual water and ethanol droplets at morphology-dependent resonances. Optics Letters, 10, 37-39, 1985.
58. H.-B. Lin, A. L. Huston, B. L. Justus, and A. J. Campillo. Some characteristics of a droplet whispering- gallery-mode laser. Optics Letters, 11, 614-616, 1986.
59. H.-B. Lin, J. D. Eversole, and A. J. Campillo. Frequency pulling of stimulated Raman scattering in microdroplets. Optics Letters, 15, 387-389, 1990.
60. A. S. Kwok, and R. K. Chang. Stimulated resonance Raman scattering of Rhodamine 6G. Optics Letters, 18, 1703-1705, 1993.
61. J. Feng, G. Shan, B. D. Hammock, and I. M. Kennedy. Fluorescence quenching competitive immunoassay in micro droplets. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 18, 1055-1063, 2003.
62. M. Nichkova, J. Feng, F. Sanchez-Baeza, M.-P. Marco, B. D. Hammock, and I. M. Kennedy. Competitive quenching fluorescence immunoassay for chlorophenols based on laser-induced fluorescence detection in microdroplets. Analytical Chemistry, 75, 83-90, 2003.
63. M. Tanyeri, D. Dosev, and I. M. Kennedy. Chemical and biological sensing through optical resonances in pendant droplets. In Nanosensing: Materials and Devices II, M. S. Islam, and A. K. Dutta, eds. SPIE, Boston, MA, 2005, 60080Q.
64. U. Levy, K. Campbell, A. Groismanb, S. Mookherjea, and Y. Fainman. On-chip microfluidic tuning of an optical microring resonator. Applied Physics Letters, 88, 111107, 2006.
65. M. Hossein-Zadeh, and K. J. Vahala. Fiber-taper coupling to whispering-gallery modes of fluidic resonators embedded in a liquid medium. Optics Express, 14, 10800-10810, 2006.
66. M. Tanyeri, M. Nichkova, B. D. Hammock, and I. M. Kennedy. Chemical and Biological Sensing through Optical Resonances in Microcavities, D. V. Nicolau, J. Enderlein, R. C. Leif, D. L. Farkas, and R. Raghavachari, eds. SPIE, Boston, MA, 2005, 227-236.
67. K. D. Vos, I. Bartolozzi, E. Schacht, P. Bienstman, and R. Baets. Silicon-on-insulator microring resonator for sensitive and label-free biosensing. Optics Express, 15, 7610-7615, 2007.
68. M. D. Barnes, K. C. Ng, W. B. Whitten, and J. M. Ramsey. Detection of single rhodamine 6G molecules in levitated microdroplets. Analytical Chemistry, 65, 2360-2365, 1993.
69. M. Soltani, S. Yegnanarayanan, and A. Adibi. Ultra-high Q planar silicon microdisk resonators for chip-scale silicon photonics. Optics Express, 15, 4694-4704, 2007.
70. H. Zhu, I. M. White, J. D. Suter, P. S. Dale, and X. Fan. Analysis of biomolecule detection with optofluidic ring resonator sensors. Optics Express, 15, 9139-9146, 2007.
71. X. Fan, I. M. White, H. Zhu, J. D. Suter, and H. Oveys. Overview of novel integrated optical ring resonator bio/chemical sensors (invited paper). SPIE Laser Resonators and Beam Control, 6452, 64520M, 2007.
72. I. M. White, J. D. Suter, H. Oveys, X. Fan, T. L. Smith, J. Zhang, B. J. Koch, and M. A. Haase. Universal coupling between metal-clad waveguides and optical ring resonators. Optics Express, 15, 646-651, 2007.
73. H. Zhu, I. M. White, J. D. Suter, M. Zourob, and X. Fan. An integrated refractive index optical ring resonator detector for capillary electrophoresis. Analytical Chemistry, 79, 930-937, 2007.
74. J. D. Suter, I. M. White, H. Zhu, and X. Fan. Thermal characterization of liquid core optical ring resonator sensors. Applied Optics, 46, 389-396, 2007.
75. I. M. White, H. Oveys, and X. Fan. Liquid core optical ring resonator sensors. Optics Letters, 31, 1319-1321, 2006.
76. I. M. White, H. Oveys, X. Fan, T. L. Smith, and J. Zhang. Integrated multiplexed biosensors based on liquid core optical ring resonators and antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides. Applied Physics Letters, 89, 191106, 2006.
77. S. I. Shopova, H. Zhu, X. Fan, and P. Zhang. Optofluidic ring resonator based dye laser. Applied Physics Letters, 90, 221101, 2007.
78. H. Zhu, I. M. White, J. D. Suter, M. Zourob, and X. Fan. Opto-fluidic micro-ring resonator for sensitive label-free detection. Analyst, 132, 356-360, 2008.
79. J. D. Suter, I. M. White, H. Zhu, H. Shi, C. W. Caldwell, and X. Fan. Label-free quantitative DNA detection using the liquid core optical ring resonator. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 23, 1003-1009, 2008.
80. S. I. Shopova, J. M. Cupps, P. Zhang, E. P. Henderson, S. Lacey, and X. Fan. Opto-fluidic ring resonator lasers based on highly efficient resonant energy transfer. Optics Express, 15, 12735-12742, 2007.
81. M. Sumetsky, R. S. Windeler, Y. Dulashko, and X. Fan. Optical liquid ring resonator sensor. Optics Express, 15, 14376-14381, 2007.
82. T. Ling and L. J. Guo. A unique resonance mode observed in a prism-coupled micro-tube resonator sensor with superior index sensitivity. Optics Express, 15, 17424-17432, 2007.
83. V. Zamora, A. Díez, M. V. Andrés, and B. Gimeno. Refractometric sensor based on whispering gallery modes of thin capillaries. Optics Express, 15, 12011-12016, 2007.
84. J. P. Landers. Handbook of Capillary Electrophoresis. Boca Raton, FL.
85. M. Cai, and K. Vahala. Highly efficient optical power transfer to whispering-gallery modes by use of a symmetrical dual-coupling configuration. Optics Letters, 25, 260-262, 2000.
86. I. M. White, J. Gohring, and X. Fan. SERS-based detection in an optofluidic ring resonator platform. Optics Express, 15, 17433-17442, 2007.
87. N. A. Mortensen, S. Xiao, and J. Pedersen. Liquid-infiltrated photonic crystals: enhanced light- matter interactions for lab-on-a-chip applications. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 3, 1613-4982, 2007.
88. H.-J. Moon, and K. An. Interferential coupling effect on the whispering-gallery mode lasing in a double-layered microcylinder. Applied Physics Letters, 80, 3250-3252, 2002.
89. D. J. Bornhop, J. C. Latham, A. Kussrow, D. A. Markov, R. D. Jones, and H. S. Sørensen. Freesolution, label-free molecular interactions studied by back-scattering interferometry. Science, 317, 1732-1736, 2007.
90. M. K. Chin, and S. T. Ho. Design and modeling of waveguide-coupled single-mode microring resonators. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 16, 1433-1446, 1998.
91. B. R. Johnson. Theory of morphology-dependent resonances: shape resonances and width formulas. Journal of the Optical Society of America A., 10, 343-352, 1993.
92. I. M. White, J. Gohring, Y. Sun, G. Yang, S. Lacey, and X. Fan. Versatile waveguide-coupled optofluidic devices based on liquid core optical ring resonators. Applied Physics Letters, 91, 241104, 2007.
93. D. R. Linde. The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, FL, 2005.
94. J. P. Longtin, and C.-H. Fan. Precision laser-based concentration and refractive index measurement of liquid. Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 2, 261-272, 1998.
95. M. Han, and A. Wang. Temperature compensation of optical microresonators using a surface layer with negative thermo-optic coefficient. Optics Letters, 32, 1800-1802, 2007.
96. I. M. White, and X. Fan. On the performance quantification of resonant refractive index sensors. Optics Express, 16(2), 1020-1028, 2008.
97. I. M. White, H. Zhu, J. D. Suter, X. Fan, and M. Zourob. Label-free detection with the liquid core optical ring resonator sensing platform. In A. Rasooly and K. E. Herold, Biosensors and Biodetection: Methods and Protocols, Volume 1: Optical-Based Detectors (Methods in Molecular Biology) Humana Press, New York.
98. B. Cunningham, P. Li, B. Lin, and J. Pepper. Colorimetric resonant reflection as a direct biochemical assay technique. Sensors and Actuators B, 81, 316-328, 2002.
99. B. Cunningham, J. Qiu, P. Li, and B. Lin. Enhancing the surface sensitivity of colorimetric resonant optical biosensors. Sensors and Actuators B, 87, 365-370, 2002.
100. B. T. Cunningham, P. Li, S. Schulz, B. Lin, C. Baird, J. Gerstenmaier, C. Genick, F. Wang, E. Fine, and L. Laing. Label-free assays on the BIND system. Journal of Biomolecular Screening, 9, 481-490, 2004.
101. L. L. Chan, B. T. Cunningham, P. Y. Li, and D. Puff. A self-referencing method for microplate label-free photonic-crystal biosensors. Sensors Journal, IEEE, 6, 1551, 2006.
102. B. Lin, P. Li, and B. T. Cunningham. A label-free biosensor-based cell attachment assay for characterization of cell surface molecules. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 114, 559-564, 2006.
103. M. M. Varma, D. D. Nolte, H. D. Inerowicz, and F. E. Regnier. Spinning-disk self-referencing interferometry of antigen-antibody recognition. Optics Letters, 29, 950-952, 2004.
104. M. M. Varma, H. D. Inerowicz, F. E. Regnier, and D. D. Nolte. High-speed label-free detection by spinning-disk micro-interferometry. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 19, 1371-1376, 2004.
105. A. D. Fitt, K. Furusawa, T. M. Monro, and C. P. Please. Modeling the fabrication of hollow fibers: Capillary drawing. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 19, 1924-1931, 2001.
106. S. C. Xue, R. I. Tanner, G. W. Barton, R. Lwin, M. C. J. Large, and L. Poladian. Fabrication of microstructured optical fibers-part I: problem formulation and numerical modeling of transient draw process. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 23, 2245-2254, 2005.
107. S. C. Xue, R. I. Tanner, G. W. Barton, R. Lwin, M. C. J. Large, and L. Poladian. Fabrication of microstructured optical fibers-Part II: numerical modeling of steady-state draw process. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 23, 2255-2266, 2005.
108. S. C. Xue, M. C. J. Large, G. W. Barton, R. I. Tanner, L. Poladian, and R. Lwin. Role of material properties and drawing conditions in the fabrication of microstructured optical fibers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 24, 853-860, 2006.
109. D. W. Vernooy, V. S. Ilchenko, H. Mabuchi, E. W. Streed, and H. J. Kimble. High-Q measurements of fused-silica microspheres in the near infrared. Optics Letters, 23, 247-249, 1998.
110. L. Kou, D. Labrie, and P. Chylek. Refractive indices of water and ice in the 0.65- to 2.5-Mum spectral range. Applied Optics, 32, 3531-3540, 1993.
111. S. Lacey, I. M. White, Y. Sun, S. I. Shopova, J. M. Cupps, P. Zhang, and X. Fan. Versatile optofluidic ring resonator lasers with ultra-low threshold. Optics Express, 15, 15523-15530, 2007.
112. F. S. Ligler, M. Breimer, J. P. Golden, D. A. Nivens, J. P. Dodson, T. M. Green, D. P. Haders, and O. A. Sadik. Integrating waveguide biosensor. Analytical Chemistry, 74, 713-719, 2002.
113. M. Y. Balakirev, S. Porte, M. Vernaz-Gris, M. Berger, J.-P. Arie, B. Fouque, and F. Chatelain. Photochemical patterning of biological molecules inside a glass capillary. Analytical Chemistry, 77, 5474-5479, 2005.
114. M. A. Holden, S.-Y. Jung, and P. S. Cremer. Patterning enzymes inside microfluidic channels via photoattachment chemistry. Analytical Chemistry, 76, 1838-1843, 2004.
115. Cancer Facts and Figures. American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia Publisher, American Cancer Society 2007.
116. F. Safi, I. Kohler, E. Röttinger, and H. Beger. The value of the tumor marker CA 15-3 in diagnosing and monitoring breast cancer. A comparative study with carcinoembryonic antigen. Cancer, 68, 574-582, 1991.
117. M. J. Duffy. CA 15-3 and related mucins as circulating markers in breast cancer. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 36, 579-586, 1999.
118. D. Aguiar-Bujanda. False elevation of serum CA 15-3 levels in patients under follow-up for breast cancer. The Breast Journal, 10, 375-376, 2004.
119. M. Cargill, D. Altshuler, J. Ireland, P. Sklar, K. Ardlie, N. Patil, C. R. Lane, E. P. Lim, N. Kalyanaraman, J. Nemesh, L. Ziaugra, L. Friedland, A. Rolfe, J. Warrington, R. Lipshutz, G. Q. Daley, and E. S. Lander. Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nature Genetics, 22, 231-238, 1999.
120. B. Barlen, S. D. Mazumdar, O. Lezrich, P. Kämpfer, and M. Keusgen. Detection of Salmonella by surface plasmon resonance. Sensors, 7, 1427-1446, 2007.
121. V. Nanduri, A. K. Bhunia, S.-I. Tu, G. C. Paoli, and J. D. Brewster. SPR biosensor for the detection of L. monocytogenes using phage-displayed antibody. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 23, 248-252, 2007.
122. A. D. Taylor, J. Ladda, Q. Yu, S. Chena, J. Homola, and S. Jiang. Quantitative and simultaneous detection of four foodborne bacterial pathogens with a multi-channel SPR sensor. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 22, 752-758, 2006.
123. M. Zourob, S. Mohr, B. J. T. Brown, P. R. Fielden, M. B. McDonnell, and N. J. Goddard. An integrated metal clad leaky waveguide sensor for detection of bacteria. Analytical Chemistry, 77, 232-242, 2005.
124. R. Horváth, H. C. Pedersen, N. Skivesen, D. Selmeczi, and N. B. Larsen. Optical waveguide sensor for on-line monitoring of bacteria. Optics Letters, 28, 1233-1235, 2003.
125. H.-C. Ren, F. Vollmer, S. Arnold, and A. Libchaber. High-Q microsphere biosensor-analysis for adsorption of rodlike bacteria. Optics Express, 15, 17410-17423, 2007.
126. G. Yang, I. M. White, and X. Fan. An opto-fluidic ring resonator biosensor for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides, under review. Sensors and Actuators B, 133, 105-112, 2008.
127. 2-Si multilayer structures. Applied Physics Letters, 49, 13-15, 1986.
128. T. Baba, Y. Kokubun, T. Sakaki, and K. Iga. Loss reduction of an ARROW waveguide in shorter wavelength and its stack configuration. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 6, 1440-1445, 1988.
129. B. E. Little, J.-P. Laine, D. R. Lim, H. A. Haus, L. C. Kimerling, and S. T. Chu. Pedestal antiresonant reflecting waveguides for robust coupling to microsphere resonators and for microphotonic circuits. Optics Letters, 25, 73-75, 2000.
130. J.-P. Laine, B. E. Little, D. R. Lim, H. C. Tapalian, L. C. Kimerling, and H. A. Haus. Microsphere resonator mode characterization by pedestal anti-resonant reflecting waveguide. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 12, 1004-1006, 2000.
131. J. P. Laine, B. E. Little, D. R. Lim, H. C. Tapalian, L. C. Kimerling, and H. A. Haus. Planar integrated wavelength-drop device based on pedestal antiresonant reflecting waveguides and high-Q silica microspheres. Optics Letters, 25, 1636-1638, 2000.
132. I. M. White, H. Oveys, X. Fan, T. L. Smith, and J. Zhang. Integrated multiplexed biosensors based on liquid core optical ring resonators and antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides. Applied Physics Letters, 89, 191106, 2006.
133. I. M. White, H. Oveys, X. Fan, T. L. Smith, and J. Zhang. Demonstration of a liquid core optical ring resonator sensor coupled with an ARROW waveguide array. In SPIE Integrated Optics:Devices, Materials, and Technologies XI, Y. Sidorin, and C. A. Waechter, eds., 2006, 6475-6403.
134. M. Sumetsky. Basic Elements for Microfiber Photonics: Micro/Nanofibers and Microfiber Coil Resonators. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 26, 21-27, 2008.
135. On-Column Micro Gas Chromatography Detection with Capillary-Based Optical Ring Resonators Analytical Chemistry 80, 2232-2238, 2008.