Resonant-enhanced evanescent-wave fluorescence biosensing with cylindrical optical cavities

Applied Optics

Volumn 40, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 570-582

  Blair, Steve ^a   Chen, Yan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FLUORESCENCE; LIGHT ABSORPTION; RESONANCE; WAVEGUIDES;

OPTICAL CAVITIES;

BIOSENSORS;

EID: 0000489992     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 21553165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.40.000570     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. J. Ngeh-Ngwainbi, A. A. Suleiman, and G. G. Guilbault, Piezoelectric crystal biosensors,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 5, 13-26 (1990).
2. B. Liedberg, C. Nylander, and I. Lundstrom, “Biosensing with surface plasmon resonance—how it all started,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 10, 1-9 (1995).
3. S. Y. Rabbany, B. L. Donner, and F. S. Ligler, “Optical immu-nosensors,” Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 22, 307-346 (1994).
4. A. P. Abel, M. G. Weller, G. L. Duveneck, M. Ehrat, and H. M. Widmer, “Fiber-optic evanescent wave biosensor for the detection of oligonucleotides,” Anal. Chem. 68, 2905-2912 (1996).
5. I. E. Squillante, “Applications of fiber-optic evanescent wave spectroscopy,” Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 24, 1163-1175 (1998).
6. A. N. Sloper, J. K. Deacon, and M. T. Flanagan, “A planar indium phosphate monomode waveguide evanescent field im-munosensor,” Sens. Actuators B 1, 589-591 (1990).
7. Y. Zhou, P. J. Laybourn, J. V. Magill, and R. M. D. L. Rue, “An evanescent fluorescence biosensor using ion-exchanged buried waveguides and the enhancement of peak fluorescence,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 6, 595-607 (1991).
8. T. E. Plowman, W. M. Reichert, C. R. Peters, H. K. Wang, D. A. Christensen, and J. N. Herron, “Femtomolar sensitivity using a channel-etched thin film waveguide fluoroimmunosensor,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 11, 149-160 (1996).
9. D. S. Walker, W. M. Reichert, and C. J. Berry, “Corning 7059, silicon oxynitride, and silicon dioxide thin film integrated optical waveguide: in search of low loss, nonfluorescent, reusable glass waveguides,” Appl. Spectrosc. 46, 1437-1441 (1992).
10. G. Robinson, “The commercial development of planar optical biosensors,” Sens. Actuators 29, 31-36 (1995).
11. B. Liedberg, C. Nylander, and I. Lundstrom, “Surface plasmon resonance for gas detection and biosensing,” Sens. Actuators 4, 299-304 (1983).
12. N. Peyghambarian, S. W. Koch, and A. Mysyrowicz, Introduction to Semiconductor Optics (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1993).
13. J. W. Attridge, P. B. Daniels, J. K. Deacon, G. A. Robinson, and G. P. Davidson, “Sensitivity enhancement of optical immu-nosensors by the use of a surface plasmon resonance fluoro-immunoassay,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 6, 201-214 (1991).
14. E. Roederer and G. J. Bastiaans, “Microgravimetric immunoassay with piezoelectric crystals,” Anal. Chem. 55, 2333-2336 (1983).
15. J. F. Owen, P. W. Barber, P. B. Dorain, and R. K. Chang, “Enhancement of fluorescence induced by microstructure resonances of a dielectric fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 1075-1078 (1981).
16. C. G. B. Garrett, W. Kaiser, and W. L. Bond, “Stimulated emission into optical whispering modes of spheres,” Phys. Rev. 124, 1807-1809 (1961).
17. R. E. Benner, P. W. Barber, J. F. Owen, and R. K. Chang, “Observation of structure resonances in the fluorescence spectra from microspheres,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 475-478 (1980).
18. A. J. Campillo, J. D. Eversole, and H.-B. Lin, “Cavity quantum electrodynamic enhancement of stimulated emission in microdroplets,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 437-440 (1991).
19. H.-B. Lin, J. D. Eversole, C. D. Merritt, and A. J. Campillo, “Cavity-modified spontaneous-emission rates in liquid microdroplets,” Phys. Rev. A 45, 6756-6760 (1992).
20. L. Rayleigh, “The problem of the whispering gallery,” Philos. Mag. 20, 1001-1004 (1910).
21. W. B. Whitten, J. M. Ramsey, S. Arnold, and B. V. Bronk, “Single-molecule detection limits in levitated microdroplets,” Anal. Chem. 63, 1027-1031 (1991).
22. M. D. Barnes, K. C. Ng, W. B. Whitten, and J. M. Ramsey, “Detection of single Rhodamine 6G molecules in levitated microdroplets,” Anal. Chem. 65, 2360-2365 (1993).
23. A. O’Keefe and D. A. G. Deacon, “Cavity ring-down optical spectrometer for absorption measurements using pulsed laser sources,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 59, 2544-2551 (1988).
24. B. A. Paldus, C. C. Harb, T. G. Spence, B. Wilke, J. Xie, J. S. Harris, and R. N. Zare, “Cavity-locked ring-down spectroscopy,” J. Appl. Phys. 83, 3991-3997 (1998).
25. A. C. R. Pipino, J. W. Hudgens, and R. E. Huie, “Evanescent wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy with a total-internal-reflection minicavity,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 2978-2989 (1997).
26. R. W. Shaw, W. B. Whitten, M. D. Barnes, and J. Ramsey, “Spherical cavity ring-down spectroscopy experiments,” in Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis, Vol. 3 of 2000 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 2000).
27. L. Collot, V. Lefevre-Seguin, M. Brune, J. M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, “Very high-Q whispering-gallery mode resonances observed on fused silica microspheres,” Europhys. Lett. 23, 327-334 (1993).
28. A. Yariv, Optical Electronics in Modern Communications, 5th ed. (Oxford U. Press, Oxford, UK, 1997).
29. M. L. Gorodetsky, A. A. Savchenkov, and V. S. Ilchenko, “Ultimate Q of optical microsphere resonators,” Opt. Lett. 21, 453-455 (1996).
30. J. C. Knight, H. S. T. Driver, R. J. Hutcheon, and G. N. Robertson, “Core-resonance capillary-fiber whispering-gallerymode laser,” Opt. Lett. 17, 1280-1282 (1992).
31. R. K. Chang and A. J. Campillo, Optical Processes in Microcavities (World Scientific, Singapore, 1996).
32. E. M. Purcell, “Spontaneous emission probabilities at radio frequencies,” Phys. Rev. 69, 681 (1946).
33. S. C. Ching, H. M. Lai, and K. Young, “Dielectric microspheres as optical cavities: thermal spectrum and density of states,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 4, 1995-2003 (1987).
34. H. Yokoyama and S. D. Brorson, “Rate equation analysis of microcavity lasers,” J. Appl. Phys. 66, 4801-4805 (1989).
35. M. D. Barnes, W. B. Whitten, S. Arnold, and J. M. Ramsey, “Enhanced fluorescence yields through cavity quantum-electrodynamic effects in microdroplets,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11, 1297-1304 (1994).
36. M. D. Barnes, C.-Y. Kung, W. B. Whitten, J. M. Ramsey, S. Arnold, and S. Holler, “Fluorescence of oriented molecules in a microcavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3931-3934 (1996).
37. S. Arnold and L. M. Folan, “Fluorescence spectrometer for a single electrodynamically levitated microparticle,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 57, 2250-2253 (1986).
38. D. R. Rowland and J. D. Love, “Evanescent wave coupling of whispering gallery modes in a dielectric disk or a curved rectangular dielectric waveguide,” IEE Proc. J. 11, 400-404 (1993).
39. A. Serpenguzel and S. Arnold, “Excitation of resonances of microspheres on an optical fiber,” Opt. Lett. 20, 654-656 (1995).
40. N. Dubreuil, J. C. Knight, D. K. Leventhal, V. Sandoghdar, J. Hare, and V. Lefevre, “Eroded monomode optical fiber for whispering-gallery mode excitation in fused-silica microspheres,” Opt. Lett. 20, 813-815 (1995).
41. S.-T. Ho, D. Y. Chu, J.-P. Zhang, S. Wu, and M.-K. Chin, “Dielectric photonic wells and wires and spontaneous emission coupling efficiency of microdisk and photonic-wire semiconductor lasers,” in Optical Processes in Microcavities, R. K. Chang and A. J. Campillo, eds. (World Scientific, Singapore, 1996), pp. 339-387.
42. D. L. Lee, Electromagnetic Principals of Integrated Optics (Wiley, New York, 1986).
43. B. E. Little and S. T. Chu, “Estimating surface-roughness loss and output coupling in microdisk resonators,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1390-1392 (1996).
44. E. A. J. Marcatili, “Bends in optical dielectric guides,” Bell Syst. Tech. J. 48, 2103-2132 (1969).
45. M. K. Chin, D. Y. Chu, and S.-T. Ho, “Estimation of the spontaneous emission factor for microdisk lasers via the approximation of whispering gallery modes,” J. Appl. Phys. 75, 3302-3307 (1994).
46. N. C. Frateschi and A. F. J. Levi, “Resonant modes and laser spectrum of microdisk lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 2932-2934 (1995).
47. Y. Tomabechi, J. Hwang, and K. Matsumura, “Resonance characteristics on a dielectric disk resonator coupled with a straight waveguide,” Radio Sci. 31, 1809-1814 (1996).
48. S. C. Hagness, D. Rafizadeh, S. T. Ho, and A. Tavlove, “FDTD microcavity simulations: design and experimental realization of waveguide-coupled single-mode ring and whispering-gallery-mode disk resonators,” J. Lightwave Technol. 15, 2154-2165 (1997).
49. B. E. Little, S. T. Chu, H. A. Haus, and J.-P. Laine, “Microring resonator channel dropping filters,” J. Lightwave Technol. 15, 998-1005 (1997).
50. S.-W. Kang, K. Sasaki, and H. Minamitani, “Sensitivity analysis of a thin-film optical waveguide biochemical sensor using evanescent field absorption,” Appl. Opt. 32, 3544-3549 (1993).
51. G. R. Quigley, R. D. Harris, and J. S. Wilkenson, “Sensitivity enhancement of integrated optical sensors by use of thin highindex films,” Appl. Opt. 38, 6036-6039 (1999).
52. P. Chylek, H.-B. Lin, J. D. Eversole, and A. J. Campillo, “Absorption effects on microdroplet resonant emission structure,” Opt. Lett. 16, 1723-1725 (1991).
53. J. C. Knight, H. S. T. Driver, and G. N. Robertson, “Morphology-dependent resonances in a cylindrical dye microlaser: mode assignments, cavity Q values, and critical dye concentrations,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11, 2046-2053 (1994).
54. 3 cylinder with a quasi-elliptical cross section,” Opt. Lett. 24, 394-396 (1999).
55. R. V. Ramaswamy and R. Srivastava, “Ion-exchanged glass waveguides: a review,” J. Lightwave Technol. 6, 984-1002 (1988).
56. S. L. McCall, A. F. J. Levi, R. E. Slusher, S. J. Pearton, and R. A. Logan, “Whispering-gallery mode microdisk lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 289-291 (1992).
57. J. P. Zhang, D. Y. Chu, S. L. Wu, S. T. Ho, W. G. Bi, C. W. Tu, and R. C. Tiberio, “Photonic-wire laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2678-2681 (1995).
58. T. Baba, “Photonic crystals and microdisk cavities based on GalnAsP-InP system,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 3, 808-830 (1997).
59. D. Rafizadeh, J. P. Zhang, S. C. Hagness, A. Taflove, K. A. Stair, S. T. Ho, and R. C. Tiberio, “Waveguide-coupled Al-GaAs/GaAs microcavity ring and disk resonators with high finesse and 21.6-nm free spectral range,” Opt. Lett. 22, 1244-1246 (1997).
60. 2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 549-551 (1998).
61. F. C. Blom, D. R. van Dijk, H. J. W. M. Hoekstra, A. Driessen, and T. J. A. Popma, “Experimental study of integrated-optics microcavity resonators: towards an all-optical switching device,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 747-749 (1997).
62. B. J. Li and P. L. Liu, “Numerical analysis of whispering gallery modes by the finite-difference time-domain method,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 32, 1583-1587 (1996).
63. A. Himeno, K. Kuniharu, and T. Miya, “Silica-based planar lightwave circuits,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 4, 913-924 (1998).
64. R. M. de Ridder, K. Worhoff, A. Driessen, P. V. Lambeck, and H. Albers, “Silicon oxynitride planar waveguiding structures for application in optical communications,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 4, 930-937 (1998).