Oxytocin and social affiliation in humans

Hormones and Behavior

Volumn 61, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 380-391

  Feldman, Ruth ^a  

^a BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Affiliation; Bond formation; Evolutionary models; Fathering; Friendships; Mothering; Oxytocin; Romantic attachment; Social behavior

Indexed keywords

DOPAMINE; OXYTOCIN; OXYTOCIN RECEPTOR;

AUTISM; CD38 GENE; CHILD ABUSE; CHILD NEGLECT; CHILD PARENT RELATION; EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENT; EMPATHY; FRIENDSHIP; HUMAN; MATERNAL BEHAVIOR; MOTHER CHILD RELATION; NONHUMAN; OXYTOCIN BLOOD LEVEL; OXYTOCIN RECEPTOR GENE; PARENTAL BEHAVIOR; PATERNAL BEHAVIOR; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PREMATURE LABOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUERPERAL DEPRESSION; REVIEW; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL COGNITION; SOCIAL INTERACTION;

ANIMALS; AUTISTIC DISORDER; FRIENDS; HUMANS; LOVE; MATERNAL BEHAVIOR; OBJECT ATTACHMENT; OXYTOCIN; PATERNAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 84858643268     PISSN: 0018506X     EISSN: 10956867     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.01.008     Document Type: Review

References (157)

1. Acevedo B.P., Aron A., Fisher H.E., Brown L.L. Neural correlates of long-term intense romantic love. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 2011.
2. Apicella C.L., Cesarini D., Johannesson M., Dawes C.T., Lichtenstein P., Wallace B., et al. No association between oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene polymorphisms and experimentally elicited social preferences. PLoS One 2010, 5:e11153.
3. Aron A., Fisher H., Mashek D.J., Strong G., Li H., Brown L.L. Reward, motivation, and emotion systems associated with early-stage intense romantic love. J. Neurophysiol. 2005, 94:327-337.
4. Asher S.R., Gottman J.M. The Development of Children's Friendships 1981, Cambridge University Press, New York.
5. Atzil S., Hendler T., Feldman R. Specifying the neurobiological basis of human attachment: brain, hormones, and behavior in synchronous and intrusive mothers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011, 36:2603-2615.
6. Atzil, S., Hendler, T., Zagoory-Sharon, O., Weintbrub, Y., & Feldman, R., submitted for publication. Synchrony and specificity in the maternal and the paternal brain: Relations to Oxytocin and Vasopressin.
7. Barrett J., Fleming A.S. Annual research review: all mothers are not created equal: neural and psychobiological perspectives on mothering and the importance of individual differences. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 2011, 52:368-397.
8. Bartels A., Zeki S. The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love. NeuroImage 2004, 21(3):1155-1166.
9. Bartz J.A., Zaki J., Bolger N., Ochsner K.N. Social effects of oxytocin in humans: context and person matter. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2011, 15:301-309.
10. Batson C.D. The Altruism Question; Toward a Social-psychological Answer 1991, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
11. Bick J., Dozier M. Mothers' and children's concentrations of oxytocin following close, physical interactions with biological and non-biological children. Dev. Psychobiol. 2010, 52(1):100-110.
12. Bielsky I.F., Hu S.B., Young L.J. Sexual dimorphism in the vasopressin system: lack of an altered behavioral phenotype in female V1a receptor knockout mice. Behav. Brain Res. 2005, 164:132-136.
13. Bloom B.L., Asher S.J., White S.W. Marital disruption as a stressor: a review and analysis. Psychol. Bull. 1978, 85(4):867-894.
14. Bos P.A., Panksepp J., Bluthe R.M., Honk J.V. Acute effects of steroid hormones and neuropeptides on human social-emotional behavior: a review of single administration studies. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 2011.
15. Bowlby J. The Roots of Parenthood 1953, National Children's Home, London.
16. Bowlby J. The nature of the child's tie to his mother. Int. J. Psychoanal. 1958, 39:350-373.
17. Bowlby J. Attachment and Loss 1969, Basic Books, New York.
18. Burman B., Margolin G. Analysis of the association between marital relationships and health problems: an interactional perspective. Psychol. Bull. 1992, 112:39-63.
19. Cameron J.L., Pomerantz S.M., Layden L.M., Amico J.A. Dopaminergic stimulation of oxytocin concentrations in the plasma of male and female monkeys by apomorphine and a D2 receptor agonist. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1992, 75:855-860.
20. Cardinal R.N., Parkinson J.A., Hall J., Everitt B.J. Emotion and motivation: the role of the amygdala, ventral striatum, and prefrontal cortex. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2002, 26:321-352.
21. Carter C.S. Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1998, 23:779-818.
22. Carter C.S., Ahnert L., Grossmann K.E., Hrdy S.B., Lamb M.E., Porges S.W., et al. Attachment and Bonding: A New Synthesis 2005, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, US.
23. Champagne F.A. Epigenetic mechanisms and the transgenerational effects of maternal care. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 2008, 29(3):386-397.
24. Champagne F.A. Maternal imprints and the origins of variations. Horm. Behav. 2011, 60:4-11.
25. Champagne F., Diorio J., Sharma S., Meaney M.J. Naturally occurring variations in maternal behavior in the rat are associated with differences in estrogen-inducible central oxytocin receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001, 98:12736-12741.
26. Champagne F.A., Chretien P., Stevenson C.W., Zhang T.Y., Gratton A., Meaney M.J. Variations in nucleus accumbens dopamine associated with individual differences in maternal behavior in the rat. J. Neurosci. 2004, 24(17):4113-4123.
27. Champagne F.A., Weaver I.C., Diorio J., Dymov S., Szyf M., Meaney M.J. Maternal care associated with methylation of the estrogen receptor-alpha1b promoter and estrogen receptor-alpha expression in the medial preoptic area of female offspring. Endocrinology 2006, 147(6):2909-2915.
28. Cho M.M., DeVries A.C., Williams J.R., Carter C.S. The effects of oxytocin and vasopressin on partner preferences in male and female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Behav. Neurosci. 1999, 113(5):1071-1079.
29. Clutton-Brock T.M. The Evolution of Paternal Care 1991, Princeton University Care, Princeton, NJ.
30. Dabrowska J., Hazra R., Ahern T.H., Guo J.D., McDonald A.J., Mascagni F., Muller J.F., Young L.J., Rainnie D.G. Neuroanatomical evidence for reciprocal regulation of the corticotrophin-releasing factor and oxytocin systems in the hypothalamus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of the rat. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2011, 36:1312-1326.
31. Damasio A.R. Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow and the Feeling Brain 2003, Harcourt, New York.
32. Davis J.N., Daly M. Evolutionary theory and the human family. Q. Rev. Biol. 1997, 72:407-435.
33. Day J.M., Tappan M.B. The narrative approach to moral development: from the epistemic subject to dialogical selves. Hum. Dev. 1996, 39:67-82.
34. Ditzen B., Schaer M., Gabriel B., Bodenmann G., Ehlert U., Heinrichs M. Intranasal oxytocin increases positive communication and reduces cortisol levels during couple conflict. Biol. Psychiatry 2009, 65:728-731.
35. Edelman G.M. Wider Than the Sky: the Phenomenal Gift of Consciousness 2004, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
36. Edelman G.M. Second Nature: Brain Science and Human Knowledge 2006, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
37. Eibl-Eibesfeldt I. Human Ethology 1989, Aldine de Gruyter, New York.
38. Feldman R. Infant-mother and infant-father synchrony: the coregulation of positive arousal. Infant Ment. Health J. 2003, 24:1-23.
39. Feldman R. From biological rhythms to social rhythms: physiological precursors of mother-infant synchrony. Dev. Psychol. 2006, 42:175-188.
40. Feldman R. Parent-infant synchrony and the construction of shared timing; physiological precursors, developmental outcomes, and risk conditions. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 2007, 48:329-354.
41. Feldman R. On the origins of background emotions: from affect synchrony to symbolic expression. Emotion 2007, 7:601-611.
42. Feldman R. Mother-infant synchrony and the development of moral orientation in childhood and adolescence: direct and indirect mechanisms of developmental continuity. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 2007, 77:582-597.
43. Feldman R. Parent-infant synchrony: biological foundations and developmental outcomes. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 2007, 16:340-346.
44. Feldman R. The relational basis of adolescent adjustment: trajectories of mother-child interactive behaviors from infancy to adolescence shape adolescents' adaptation. Attach. Hum. Dev. 2010, 12:173-192.
45. Feldman R. Maternal touch and the developing infant. Handbook of Touch 2011, 373-407. Springer, New York. M. Hertenstein, S. Weiss (Eds.).
46. Feldman R. Maternal post-partum depression and children's psychopathology, social engagement, and empathy: the buffering role of OT. A Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ACNP), WAIKOLOA, HI, December, 2011 2011.
47. Feldman, R., in press. Parent-infant synchrony: A bio-behavioral model of mutual influences in the formation of affiliative bonds. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development.
48. Feldman, R., in press. Biobehavioral synchrony: A model for integrating biological and microsocial behavioral processes in the study of parenting. Parenting; Science and Practice.
49. Feldman, R., & Bamberger, E., submitted for publication. Father-child reciprocity from infancy to adolescence shapes children's social and dialogical skills.
50. Feldman R., Eidelman A.I. Direct and indirect effects of maternal milk on the neurobehavioral and cognitive development of premature infants. Dev. Psychobiol. 2003, 43:109-119.
51. Feldman R., Eidelman A.I. Maternal postpartum behavior and the emergence of infant-mother and infant-father synchrony in preterm and full-term infants: the role of neonatal vagal tone. Dev. Psychobiol. 2007, 49:290-302.
52. Feldman R., Greenbaum C.W., Yirmiya N. Mother-infant affect synchrony as an antecedent to the emergence of self-control. Dev. Psychol. 1999, 35:223-231.
53. Feldman R., Eidelman A.I., Rotenberg N. Parenting stress, infant emotion regulation, maternal sensitivity, and the cognitive development of triplets; a model for parent and child influences in a unique ecology. Child Dev. 2004, 75:1774-1791.
54. Feldman R., Weller A., Zagoory-Sharon O., Levine A. Evidence for a neuroendocrinological foundation of human affiliation: plasma oxytocin levels across pregnancy and the postpartum period predict mother-infant bonding. Psychol. Sci. 2007, 18:965-970.
55. Feldman R., Granat A., Pariente C., Kaneti H., Kuint J., Gilboa-Schechtman E. Maternal affective disorder across the postpartum year and infant social engagement, fear regulation, and stress reactivity. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2009, 48:919-927.
56. Feldman R., Gordon I., Zagoory-Sharon O. The cross-generation transmission of oxytocin in humans. Horm. Behav. 2010, 58:669-676.
57. Feldman R., Gordon I., Schneiderman I., Weisman O., Zagoory-Sharon O. Natural variations in maternal and paternal care are associated with systematic changes in oxytocin following parent-infant contact. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2010, 35:1133-1141.
58. Feldman R., Gordon I., Zagoory-Sharon O. Maternal and paternal plasma, salivary, and urinary oxytocin and parent-infant synchrony: considering stress and affiliation components of human bonding. Developmental Science 2011, 14(4):752-761.
59. Feldman R., Zagoory-Sharon O., Maoz R., Weisman O., Gordon I., Schneiderman I., Ebstein R.P. Sensitive parenting is associated with plasma oxytocin and polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and CD38 genes. Biol. Psychiatry 2012, doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.12.025.
60. Fleming A.S., Korsmit M. Plasticity in the maternal circuit: effects of maternal experience on Fos-Lir in hypothalamic, limbic, and cortical structures in the postpartum rat. Behav. Neurosci. 1996, 110:567-582.
61. Fleming A.S., O'Day D.H., Kraemer G.W. Neurobiology of mother-infant interaction: experience and central nervous system plasticity across development and generations. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1999, 23:673-685.
62. Francis D.D., Young L.J., Meaney M.J., Insel T.R. Naturally occurring differences in maternal care are associated with the expression of oxytocin and vasopressin (V1a) receptors: gender differences. J. Neuroendocrinol. 2002, 14:349-353.
63. Fries A.B., Ziegler T.E., Kurian J.R., Jacoris S., Pollak S.D. Early experience in humans is associated with changes in neuropeptides critical for regulating social behavior. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2005, 102:17237-17240.
64. Geary D.C. Evolution and proximate expression of human paternal investment. Psychol. Bull. 2000, 126:55-77.
65. Gimpl G., Fahrenholz F. The oxytocin receptor system: structure, function, and regulation. Physiol. Rev. 2001, 81:629-683.
66. Gonzaga G.C., Turner R.A., Keltner D., Campos B., Altemus M. Romantic love and sexual desire in close relationships. Emotion 2006, 6(2):163-179.
67. Gordon I., Zagoory-Sharon O., Schneiderman I., Leckman J.F., Weller A., Feldman R. Oxytocin and cortisol in romantically unattached young adults; associations with bonding and psychological distress. Psychophysiology 2008, 45:349-352.
68. Gordon I., Zagoory-Sharon O., Leckman J.F., Feldman R. Oxytocin and the development of parenting in humans. Biol. Psychiatry 2010, 68:377-382.
69. Gordon I., Zagoory-Sharon O., Leckman J.F., Feldman R. Parental oxytocin and triadic family interactions. Physiol. Behav. 2010, 101:679-684.
70. Gordon I., Zagoory-Sharon O., Leckman J.F., Feldman R. Prolactin, oxytocin, and the development of paternal behavior across the first six months of fatherhood. Horm. Behav. 2010, 58:513-518.
71. Gordon I., Martin C., Feldman R., Leckman J.F. Oxytocin and social motivation. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 2011, 1(4):471-493.
72. Gregory S.G., Connelly J.J., Towers A.J., Johnson J., Biscocho D., Markunas C.A., Lintas C., Abramson R.K., Wright H.H., Ellis P., Langford C.F., Worley G., Delong G.R., Murphy S.K., Cuccaro M.L., Persico A., Pericak-Vance M.A. Genomic and epigenetic evidence for oxytocin receptor deficiency in autism. BMC Med. 2009, 7:62.
73. Grewen K.M., Girdler S.S., Amico J., Light K.C. Effects of partner support on resting oxytocin, cortisol, norepinephrine, and blood pressure before and after warm partner contact. Psychosom. Med. 2005, 67(4):531-538.
74. Groome L.J., Loizou P.C., Holland S.B., Smith L.A., Hoff C. High vagal tone is associated with more efficient regulation of homeostasis in low-risk human fetuses. Dev. Psychobiol. 1999, 35:25-34.
75. Hansenne I. Thymic transcription of neurohypophysial and insulin-related genes: impact upon T-cell differentiation and self-tolerance. J. Neuroendocrinol. 2005, 17:321-327.
76. Harlow H.F. The nature of love. Am. Psychol. 1958, 13:673-685.
77. Hartup W.W. Social relationships and their developmental significance. Am. Psychol. 1989, 44:120-126.
78. Heim C., Young L.J., Newport D.J., Mletzko T., Miller A.H., Nemeroff C.B. Lower CSF oxytocin concentrations in women with a history of childhood abuse. Mol. Psychiatry 2009, 14:954-958.
79. Hofer M.A. Hidden regulators: Implication for a new understanding of attachment, separation, and loss. Attachment theory: Social, developmental, and clinical perspectives 1995, 203-230. The Analytic Press, Hillsdale, NJ. S. Golberg, R. Muir, J. Kerr (Eds.).
80. Holt-Lunstad J., Birmingham W.A., Light K.C. Influence of a "warm touch" support enhancement intervention among married couples on ambulatory blood pressure, oxytocin, alpha amylase, and cortisol. Psychosom. Med. 2008, 70(9):976-985.
81. Husserl E. Philosophie als strenge wissenschaft. Logos 1911, 1.
82. Insel T.R. A neurobiological basis of social attachment. Am. J. Psychiatry 1997, 154:726-735.
83. Insel T.R. The challenge of translation in social neuroscience: a review of oxytocin, vasopressin, and affiliative behavior. Neuron 2010, 65:768-779.
84. Insel T.R., Hulihan T.J. A gender-specific mechanism for pair bonding: oxytocin and partner preference formation in monogamous voles. Behav. Neurosci. 1995, 109:782-789.
85. Insel T.R., Young L.J. The neurobiology of attachment. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2001, 2:129-136.
86. Israel S., Lerer E., Shalev I., Uzefovsky F., Riebold M., Laiba E., et al. The oxytocin receptor (OXTR) contributes to prosocial fund allocations in the dictator game and the social value orientations task. PLoS One 2009, 4:e5535.
87. Jin D., Liu H.X., Hirai H., Torashima T., Nagai T., Lopatina O., et al. CD38 is critical for social behaviour by regulating oxytocin secretion. Nature 2007, 446:41-45.
88. Kendrick K.M., Da Costa A.P., Broad K.D., Ohkura S., Guevara R., Levy F., et al. Neural control of maternal behaviour and olfactory recognition of offspring. Brain Res. Bull. 1997, 44:383-395.
89. Kim W., Kim S., Jeong J., Lee K.U., Ahn K.J., Chung Y.A., et al. Temporal changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging activation of heterosexual couples for visual stimuli of loved partners. Psychiatry Invest. 2009, 6:19-25.
90. Kim H.S., Sherman D.K., Sasaki J.Y., Xu J., Chu T.Q., Ryu C., et al. Culture, distress, and oxytocin receptor polymorphism (OXTR) interact to influence emotional support seeking. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2010, 107:15717-15721.
91. Kim P., Feldman R., Leckman J.F., Mayes L.C., Swain J.E. Breastfeeding, mothers' brain activation to own infant stimuli, and maternal sensitivity. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 2011, 52:907-915.
92. Lamb M.E. The Role of the Father in Child Development 2010, Wiley, New York. 5th Ed.
93. Landgraf R., Neumann I.D. Vasopressin and oxytocin release within the brain: a dynamic concept of multiple and variable modes of neuropeptide communication. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 2004, 25(3-4):150-176.
94. Lee A., Clancy S., Fleming A.S. Mother rats bar-press for pups: effects of lesions of the mpoa and limbic sites on maternal behavior and operant responding for pup-reinforcement. Behav. Brain Res. 2000, 108:215-231.
95. Lerer E., Levi S., Salomon S., Darvasi A., Yirmiya N., Ebstein R.P. Association between the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene and autism: relationship to Vineland adaptive behavior scales and cognition. Mol. Psychiatry 2008, 13:980-988.
96. Levine A., Zagoory-Sharon O., Feldman R., Weller A. Oxytocin during pregnancy and early postpartum: individual patterns and maternal-fetal attachment. Peptides 2007, 28(6):1162-1169.
97. Li M., Fleming A.S. Differential involvement of nucleus accumbens shell and core subregions in maternal memory in postpartum female rats. Behav. Neurosci. 2003, 117:426-445.
98. Llineas R. I of the Vortex: From Neurons to Self 2001, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
99. Lonstein J.S., DeVries G.J. Sex differences in the parental behavior of rodents. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2000, 24:669-686.
100. Lorenz K.Z. The comparative method in studying innate behavior patterns. Societyfor Experimental Biology: Physiological Mechanisms in Animal Behavior (Society's Symposium IV) 1950, 221-268. Academic Press, Oxford, England.
101. Macciò A., Madeddu C., Chessa P., Panzone F., Lissoni P., Mantovani G. Oxytocin both increases proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphomonocytes to phytohemagglutinin and reverses immunosuppressive estrogen activity. In Vivo 2010, 24:157-163.
102. MacDonald K.B. Sociobiological Perspectives on Human Development 1988, Springer-Verlag, New York.
103. MacLean P.D., Newman J.D. Role of midline frontolimbic cortex in production of the isolation call of squirrel monkeys. Brain Res. 1988, 450:111-123.
104. Maestripieri D., Hoffman C.L., Anderson G.M., Carter C.S., Higley J.D. Mother-infant interactions in free-ranging rhesus macaques: relationships between physiological and behavioral variables. Physiol. Behav. 2009, 96:613-619.
105. March of Dimes National Center for Health Statistics, Final Natality Data 2006.
106. Meaney M.J. Maternal care, gene expression, and the transmission of individual differences in stress reactivity across generations. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2001, 24:1161-1192.
107. Meaney M.J. Epigenetics and the biological definition of gene x environment interactions. Child Dev. 2010, 81:41-79.
108. Melis M.R., Argiolas A. Central control of penile erection: a re-visitation of the role of oxytocin and its interaction with dopamine and glutamic acid in male rats. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2011, 35:939-955.
109. Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary http://www.merriam-webster.com.
110. Meyer-Lindenberg A., Domes G., Kirsch P., Heinrichs M. Oxytocin and Vasopressin in the Human Brain: Social Neuropeptides for Translational Medicine. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2011, 12(9):524-538. Aug 19.
111. Mirmiran M., Lunshof S. Perinatal development of human circadian rhythms. Prog. Brain Res. 1996, 111:217-226.
112. Munesue T., Yokoyama S., Nakamura K., Anitha A., Yamada K., Hayashi K., et al. Two genetic variants of CD38 in subjects with autism spectrum disorder and controls. Neurosci. Res. 2010, 67:181-191.
113. Murphy M.R., MacLean P.D., Hamilton S.C. Species-typical behavior of hamsters deprived from birth of the neocortex. Science 1981, 213:459-461.
114. Nelson E.E., Panksepp J. Brain substrates of infant-mother attachment; contributions of opioids, oxytocin, and norepinephrine. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1998, 22:437-452.
115. Neumann I.D. Brain oxytocin: a key regulator of emotional and social behaviours in both females and males. J. Neuroendocrinol. 2008, 20:858-865.
116. Neumann I.D., Landgraf R. Advances in vasopressin and oxytocin-from genes to behaviour to disease. Prog. Brain Res. 2008, 170:xi-xiii. Preface.
117. Oxley G., Fleming A.S. The effects of medial preoptic area and amygdala lesions on maternal behavior in the juvenile rat. Dev. Psychobiol. 2000, 37:253-265.
118. Parke R.D. Fatherhood 1996, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
119. Porges S.W. Social engagement and attachment; a polygenetic perspective. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2003, 1008:31-47.
120. Riem M.M., Bakermans-Kranenburg M.J., Pieper S., Tops M., Boksem M.A., Vermeiren R.R., van Ijzendoorn M.H., Rombouts S.A. Oxytocin modulates amygdala, insula, and inferior frontal gyrus responses to infant crying: a randomized controlled trial. Biol. Psychiatry 2011, 70:291-297.
121. Riem M.M., van Ijzendoorn M.H., Tops M., Boksem M.A., Rombouts S.A., Bakermans-Kranenburg M.J. No laughing matter: intranasal oxytocin administration changes functional brain connectivity during exposure to infant laughter. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011, 10.1038/npp.2011.313.
122. Rodrigues S.M., Saslow L.R., Garcia N., John O.P., Keltner D. Oxytocin receptor genetic variation relates to empathy and stress reactivity in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2009, 106(50):21437-21441.
123. Rollins B., Martin M.V., Morgan L., Vawter M.P. Analysis of whole genome biomarker expression in blood and brain. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2010, 153B:919-936.
124. Rosenblatt J.S. The basis of synchrony in the behavioral interaction between the mother and her offspring in the laboratory rat. Determinants of Infant Behavior 1965, 3-45. Methuen, London. B.M. Foss (Ed.).
125. Ross H.E., Young L.J. Oxytocin and the neural mechanisms regulating social cognition and affiliative behavior. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 2009, 30(4):534-547.
126. Ross H.E., Freeman S.M., Spiegel L.L., Ren X., Terwilliger E.F., Young L.J. Variation in oxytocin receptor density in the nucleus accumbens has differential effects on affiliative behaviors in monogamous and polygamous voles. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:1312-1318.
127. Social Competence in Developmental Perspective 1989, Kluwer, Dordrecht. B.H. Schneider, G. Attili, J. Nadel, R.P. Weissberg (Eds.).
128. Schneiderman I., Zilberstain-Kra Y., Leckman J.F., Feldman R. Love alters autonomic reactivity to emotions. Emotion 2011, 11:1314-1321.
129. Schneiderman I., Zagoory-Sharon O., Leckman J.F., Feldman R. Oxytocin at the first stages of romantic attachment: relations to couples' interactive reciprocity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.12.021.
130. Schneirla T.C. Problems in the biopsychology of social organizations. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. 1946, 41:385-402.
131. Serretti A., Olgiati P., Colombo C. Influence of postpartum onset on the course of mood disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2006, 6:4.
132. Silberstein D., Geva R., Feldman R., Gardner J.M., Karmel B.Z., Rozen C., Kvint J. The transition to oral feeding in low-risk premature infants: relations to neonatal neurobehavioral status and mother-infant feeding interaction. Early Hum. Dev. 2009, 85:157-162.
133. Skrundz M., Bolten M., Nast I., Hellhammer D.H., Meinlschmidt G. Plasma oxytocin concentration during pregnancy is associated with development of postpartum depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011, 36:1886-1893.
134. Snowdon C.T., Pieper B.A., Boe C.Y., Cronin K.A., Kurian A.V., Ziegler T.E. Variation in oxytocin is related to variation in affiliative behavior in monogamous, pairbonded tamarins. Horm. Behav. 2010, 58:614-618.
135. Spitz R. Anaclitic depression. Psychoanal. Study Child 1946, 2:313-342.
136. Sroufe L.A. Attachment and development: a prospective, longitudinal study from birth to adulthood. Attach. Hum. Dev. 2005, 7:349-367.
137. Stamm J.S. The function of the median cerebral cortex in maternal behavior of rats. J. Comp. Physiolocial Psychology 1955, 48:347-356.
138. Strathearn L., Fonagy P., Amico J., Montague P.R. Adult attachment predicts maternal brain and oxytocin response to infant cues. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009, 34:2655-2666.
139. Swain J.E., Lorberbaum J.P., Kose S., Strathearn L. Brain basis of early parent-infant interactions; psychology, physiology, and in vivo functional neuroimaging studies. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 2007, 48:262-287.
140. Szyf M., McGowan P., Meaney M.J. The social environment and the epigenome. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2008, 49:46-60.
141. Tabak B.A., McCullough M.E., Szeto A., Mendez A.J., McCabe P.M. Oxytocin indexes relational distress following interpersonal harms in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2010, 36(1):115-122.
142. Taylor S.E., Saphire-Bernstein S., Seeman T.E. Are plasma oxytocin in women and plasma vasopressin in men biomarkers of distressed pair-bond relationships?. Psychol. Sci. 2010, 21:3-7.
143. Thompson R.J., Parker K.J., Hallmayer J.F., Waugh C.E., Gotlib I.H. Oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism (rs2254298) interacts with familial risk for psychopathology to predict symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescent girls. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2011, 36:144-147.
144. Timbergen N. On aims and methods in ethology. Z. Tierpsychol. 1963, 20:410-433.
145. Toscano J.E., Bauman M.D., Mason W.A., Amaral D.G. Interest in infants by female rhesus monkeys with neonatal lesions of the amygdala or hippocampus. Neuroscience 2009, 162:881-891.
146. Uvnas-Moberg K. Oxytocin may mediate the benefits of positive social interaction and emotions. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1998, 23:819-835.
147. Veening J.G., de Jong T., Barendregt H.P. Oxytocin-messages via the cerebrospinal fluid: behavioral effects; a review. Physiol. Behav. 2010, 101(2):193-210.
148. Wang Z.X., Liu Y., Young L.J., Insel T.R. Hypothalamic vasopressin gene expression increases in both males and females postpartum in a biparental rodent. J. Neuroendocrinol. 2000, 12:111-120.
149. Weaver I.C., Cervoni N., Champagne F.A., D'Alessio A.C., Sharma S., Seckl J.R., et al. Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior. Nat. Neurosci. 2004, 7(8):847-854.
150. Weisman O., Zagoory-Sharon O., Feldman R. Oxytoicin improves the hormonal, autonomic, and behavioral basis of fatherhood. Presented at the Biennial Meeting of the European Association for Biological Psychiatry, Prague, May 2011 2011.
151. Weisman, O., Feldman, R., & Goldstein, A., in press. Parental and romantic attachment shape brain processing of infant cues. Biological Psychology.
152. Wheeler W.M. The Social Insects 1928, Harcourt, New York.
153. Williams J.R., Insel T.R., Harbaugh C.R., Carter C.S. Oxytocin administered centrally facilitates formation of a partner preference in female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). J. Neuroendocrinol. 1994, 6(3):247-250.
154. Winnicott D.W. Playing and Reality 1971, Tavistock Publications, London.
155. Young L.J. Being human: love: neuroscience reveals all. Nature 2009, 457(7226):148. 8.
156. Zhang T.Y., Meaney M.J. Epigenetics and the environmental regulation of the genome and its function. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2010, 61(439-466):C431-C433.
157. Zigler T.E. Hormones associated with non-maternal infant care: a review of mammalian and avian studies. Folia Primatol. 2000, 71:6-21.