A review of strategies for improving the degradation properties of laminated continuous-fiber/epoxy composites with carbon-based nanoreinforcements

Carbon

Volumn 50, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 2377-2395

  Lubineau, G ^a   Rahaman, A ^a  

^a KING ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON-BASED; DEGRADATION MECHANISM; LAMINATED STRUCTURES; NANO SCALE; NANO-REINFORCEMENTS; REINFORCEMENT STRATEGIES; STRUCTURAL SIMULATIONS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC STUDY;

AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS; DEGRADATION; LAMINATING; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; REINFORCEMENT;

LAMINATED COMPOSITES;

EID: 84858442448     PISSN: 00086223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.01.059     Document Type: Review

References (131)

1. Y. Zhou, P. Wu, Z. Cheng, J. Ingram, and S. Jeelani Improvement in electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy by filling carbon nanotubes Express Polym Lett 2 1 2008 40 48
2. F. Gojny, M. Wichmann, B. Fiedler, W. Bauhofer, and K. Schulte Influence of nano-modification on the mechanical and electrical properties of conventional fibre-reinforced composites Compos A 36 2005 1525 1535 (Pubitemid 41383997)
3. A. Allaoui, S. Bai, H. Cheng, and J. Bai Mechanical and electrical properties of a MWCNT/epoxy composite Compos Sci Technol 62 2002 1993 1998 (Pubitemid 35404926)
4. J. Bai, and A. Allaoui Effect of the length and the aggregate size of MWNTs on the improvement efficiency of the mechanical and electrical properties of nanocomposites - experimental investigation Compos A 34 2003 689 694
5. B. Fiedler, F. Gojny, M. Wichmann, M. Nolte, and K. Schulte Fundamental aspects of nano-reinforced composites Compos Sci Technol 66 2006 3115 3125 (Pubitemid 44529218)
6. E. Thostenson, C. Li, and T. Chou Nanocomposites in context Compos Sci Technol 65 2005 491 516 (Pubitemid 40084026)
7. O. Allix, and P. Ladevze Damage analysis of interlaminar fracture specimens Compos Struct 31 1995 61 74
8. O. Allix, and P. Ladevze Interlaminar interface modelling for the prediction of laminate delamination Compos Struct 22 1992 235 242 (Pubitemid 23582976)
9. P. Ladevze, and E. LeDantec Damage modeling of the elementary ply for laminated composites Compos Sci Technol 43 3 1992 257 267
10. P. Beaumont Damage mechanics of composite materials Composite materials series; chap. damage accumulation vol. 9 1994 Elsevier Science p. 139-85
11. L. Asp, L. Berglund, and R. Talreja Prediction of matrix-initiated transverse failure in polymer composites Compos Sci Technol 56 1996 1089 1097
12. J. Nairn Polymer matrix composites Comprehensive composite materials; chap. matrix microcracking in composites vol. 2 2000 Elsevier Science p. 403-32
13. J. Nairn Polymer matrix composites Comprehensive composite materials; chapter 13: Matrix microcracking in composites vol. 2 2000 Elsevier Science p. 403-32
14. J. Nairn, S. Hu, and J. Bark A critical evaluation of theories for predicting microcracking in composite laminates J Mater Sci 28 18 1993 5099 5111
15. G. Lubineau, P. Ladevze, and D. Violeau Durability of cfrp laminates under thermomechanical loading: a micro-meso damage model Compos Sci Technol 66 7-8 2006 983 992 (Pubitemid 43380462)
16. G. Lubineau, D. Violeau, and P. Ladevze Illustrations of a microdamage model for laminates under oxidizing thermal cycling Compos Sci Technol 69 1 2009 3 9
17. G. Lubineau, and P. Ladevze Construction of a micromechanics-based intralaminar mesomodel, and illustrations in ABAQUS/standard Comput Mater Sci 43 1 2008 137 145 (Pubitemid 351778359)
18. G. Lubineau A pyramidal modeling scheme for laminates - identification of transverse cracking Int J Damage Mech 19 4 2010 499 518
19. O. Allix, D. Levque, and L. Perret Identification and forecast of delamination in composite laminate by an interlaminar interface model Compos Sci Technol 58 671-678 1998 (Pubitemid 28437728)
20. C. Hochard, and Y. Thollon A generalized damage model for woven ply laminates under static and fatigue loading conditions Int J Fatigue 32 1 2010 158 165
21. H. Zhang, M. Ericson, J. Varna, and L. Berglund Transverse single-fibre test for interfacial debonding in composites: 1. Experimental observations Compos A 28 1997 309 315 (Pubitemid 127412138)
22. F. Lagattu, and M. Lafarie-Frenot Variation of PEEK matrix crystallinity in APC-2 composite subjected to large shearing deformations Compos Sci Technol 60 2000 605 612 (Pubitemid 30557780)
23. C.P. Beetz The analysis of carbon fibre strength distributions exhibiting multiple modes of failure Fibre Sci Technol 16 1 1982
24. Z. Chi, T.W. Chou, and G. Shen Determination of single fibre strength distribution from fibre bundle testings J Mater Sci 19 1984 3319 3324 (Pubitemid 14663689)
25. N. Laws, and G. Dvorak Progressive transverse cracking in composite laminates J Compos Mater 22 1988 900 916
26. V. Vinogradov, and Z. Hashin Probabilistic energy based model for prediction of transverse cracking in cross-ply laminates Int J Solids Struct 42 2 2005 365 392
27. L. Boniface, P. Smith, and A. Rezaifard Transverse ply cracking in cross-ply CFRP laminates: initiation or propagation controlled J Compos Mater 31 11 1997 1080 1112 (Pubitemid 127651336)
28. Crossman F, Wang A. The dependence of transverse cracking and delamination on ply thickness in graphite/epoxy laminates. In: Reifsnider K, editor. Damage in composite materials. ASTM-STP 775; 1982. p. 118-39.
29. J. Nairn, and S. Hu The initiation and growth of delaminations induced by matrix microcracks in laminated composites Int J Fracture 57 1992 1 24
30. S. Ogihara, and N. Takeda Interaction between transverse cracks and delamination during damage process in CFRP cross-ply laminates Compos Sci Technol 54 4 1995 395 404
31. J. Zhang, J. Fan, and K. Herrmann Delaminations induced by constrained transverse cracking in symmetric composite laminates Int J Solids Struct 36 1999 813 846
32. G. Lubineau Estimation of residual stresses in laminated composites using field measurements on a cracked sample Compos Sci Technol 68 13 2008 2761 2769
33. P. Ladevze, and G. Lubineau Pont entre les "micro et "méso mécaniques des composites stratifiés C R Mecanique 331 2003 537 544 (Pubitemid 37128069)
34. J.M. Berthelot Transverse cracking and delamination in cross-ply glass-fiber and carbon-fiber reinforced plastic laminates: static and fatigue loading Appl Mech Rev 56 2003 111 147
35. S. Iijima Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon Nature 354 1991 56 58 (Pubitemid 21896780)
36. S. Iijima, and T. Ichihashi Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter Nature 363 6430 1993 603 605
37. D. Bethune, and C. Klang Cobalt-catalysed growth of carbon nanotubes with single-atomic-layer walls Nature 363 6430 1993 605 607
38. S. Seraphin, and D. Zhou Single-walled carbon nanotubes produced at high yield by mixed catalysts Appl Phys Lett 64 16 1994 2087 2089
39. A. Thess, and R. Lee Crystalline ropes of metallic carbon nanotubes Science 273 5274 1996 483 487 (Pubitemid 26286446)
40. M. Terrones Science and technology of the twenty-first century: synthesis, properties, and applications of carbon nanotubes Ann Rev Mater Res 33 2003 419 501
41. B. Dunlap Connecting carbon tubules Phys Rev B 46 3 1992 1933 1936
42. S. Ihara Helically coiled cage forms of graphitic carbon Phys Rev B 48 8 1993 5643 5647
43. S. Amelinckx, X. Zhang, D. Bernaerts, X. Zhang, V. Ivanov, and J. Nagy A formation mechanism for catalytically grown helix-shaped graphite nanotubes Science 265 1994 635 639 (Pubitemid 24985558)
44. X. Chen, S. Yang, K. Takeuchi, T. Hashinhin, H. Iwanaga, and S. Motojiima Conformation and growth mechanism of the carbon nanocoils with twisting form in comparison with that of carbon microcoils Diamond Relat Mater 12 2003 1836 1840 (Pubitemid 37546561)
45. L. Pan, and T. Hayashida Effects of iron and indium tin oxide on the growth of carbon tubule nanocoils Physica B 323 1-4 2002 350 351 (Pubitemid 35019082)
46. V. Varadan, and J. Xie Synthesis of carbon nanocoils by microwave CVD Smart Mater Struct 11 2002 728 734 (Pubitemid 35298468)
47. E. Thostenson, Z. Ren, and T.W. Chou Advances in the science and technology of carbon nanotubes and their composites: a review Compos Sci Technol 61 13 2001 1899 1912
48. M. Yu, O. Lourie, M. Dyer, K. Moloni, T. Kelly, and R. Ruoff Strength and breaking mechanism of multiwalled carbon nanotubes under tensile load Science 287 5453 2000 637 640 (Pubitemid 30070908)
49. J. Salvetat, J. Bonard, N. Thomson, A. Kulik, L. Forro, and W. Benoit Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes Appl Phys A 69 1999 255 260
50. R. Baughman, A. Zakhidov, and W.D. Heer Carbon nanotubes - the route toward applications Science 297 2002 787 792 (Pubitemid 34845917)
51. M. Treacy, T. Ebbesen, and J. Gibson Exceptionally high young's modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes Nature 381 1996 678 680 (Pubitemid 126515869)
52. A. Krishnan, E. Dujardin, T. Ebbesen, P. Yianilos, and M. Treacy Young's modulus of single-walled nanotubes Phys Rev B 58 1998 14013 14019 (Pubitemid 128480434)
53. E. Wong, P. Sheehan, and C. Lieber Nanobeam mechanics: elasticity, strength, and toughness of nanorods and nanotubes Science 277 1997 1971 1975 (Pubitemid 27449134)
54. Hernandez E, Goze C, Bernier P, Rubio A. Elastic properties of C and BxCyNz composite nanotubes. Phys Rev Lett 1998;80:4502-5.
55. O. Blakslee, D. Proctor, E. Seldin, G. Spence, and T. Weng Elastic constants of compression-annealed pyrolytic graphite J Appl Phys 41 8 1970 3373 3382
56. B. Maruyama, and K. Alam Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers in composite materials SAMPE J 38 3 2002 59 70 (Pubitemid 34515324)
57. L. Hayashida, and Y. Nakayama Mechanical and electrical properties of carbon tubule nanocoils Physica B 323 2002 352 353 (Pubitemid 35019083)
58. J. Lawrence, L. Berkan, and A. Nadarajah Elastic properties and morphology of individual carbon nanofibers ACS Nano 2 2008 1230 1236
59. J. Che, T. Agin, and W. Lii Thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes Nanotechnology 11 2 2000 65 69
60. Z. Yao, H. Postma, L. Balents, and C. Dekker Carbon nanotube intramolecular junctions Nature 402 1999 273 276 (Pubitemid 129516258)
61. P. Kim, L. Shi, A. Majumdar, and P. McEuen Thermal transport measurements of individual multiwalled nanotubes Phys Rev Lett 87 2001 215502-1-215502-4 (Pubitemid 33091087)
62. Z. Spitalsky, G. Tsoukleri, D. Tasis, C.S. Krontiras, S. Georga, and C. Galiotis High volume fraction carbon nanotube-epoxy composites Nanotechnology 20 2009 1 6
63. M. Abdalla, D. Dean, M. Theodore, J. Fielding, E. Nyairo, and G. Price Magnetically processed carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites: morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties Polymer 51 7 2010 1614 1620
64. A. Funck, and W. Kaminsk Polypropylene carbon nanotube composites by in situ polymerization Compos Sci Technol 67 5 2007 906 915 (Pubitemid 46111997)
65. E. Bekyarova, E. Thostanson, A. Yu, H. Kim, J. Gao, and J. Tang Multiscale carbon nanotube - carbon fiber reinforcement for advanced epoxy composites Langmuir 23 2007 3970 3974 (Pubitemid 46581929)
66. A. Godara, L. Gorbatikh, G. Kalinka, A. Warrier, O. Rochez, and L. Mezzo Interfacial shear strength of a glass fiber/epoxy bonding in composites modified with carbon/nanotubes Compos Sci Technol 70 2010 1346 1352
67. Z. Shen, H. Ching, S. Lehoczky, I. Muntele, and D. Ila Carbon nanotube growth on carbon fibers Diamond Relat Mater 12 10-11 2003 1825 1828 (Pubitemid 37546560)
68. Otsuka K, Abe Y, Kanai N, Kobayashi Y, Takenaka S, Tanabe E. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes on Ni/carbon-fiber catalysts under mild conditions. Carbon 2004;42(4):727-36.
69. Z. Ismagilov, N. Nadezhda, V. Kruchinin, A. Nina, V. Ushakov, and N. Vasenin Development of methods of growing carbon nanofibers on silica glass fiber supports Catal Today 102-103 2005 85 93
70. V. Veedu, A. Cao, X. Li, K. Ma, C. Soldano, and S. Kar Multifunctional composites using reinforced laminae with carbon-nanotube forests Nat Mater 5 2006 457 462 (Pubitemid 43838908)
71. A.H. Barber, Q. Zhao, H.D. Wagner, and C.A. Baillie Characterization of e-glass polypropylene interfaces using carbon nanotubes as strain sensors Compos Sci Technol 64 13-14 2004 1915 1919 (Pubitemid 38904655)
72. Q. Li, M. Zaiser, and V. Koutsos Carbon nanotube/epoxy resin composites using a block copolymer as a dispersing agent Phys Stat Sol 201 13 2004 R89 R91 (Pubitemid 40736851)
73. T. McNally, P. Potschke, P. Halley, M. Murphy, D. Martin, and S. Bell Polyethylene multiwalled carbon nanotube composites Polymer 46 19 2005 8222 8232 (Pubitemid 41203046)
74. K. Saeed, S.Y. Park, S. Haider, and J. Baek In situ polymerization of multi-walled carbon nanotube/nylon-6 nanocomposites and their electrospun nanofibers Nanoscale Res Lett 4 1 2009 39 46
75. M. Yeh, T. Hsieh, and N. Tai Fabrication and mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/epoxy nanocomposites Mater Sci and Eng A 483-484 2008 289 292 (Pubitemid 351494541)
76. P. Guo, X. Chen, X. Gao, H. Song, and H. Shen Fabrication and mechanical properties of well-dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotubes/epoxy composites Compos Sci Technol 67 15-16 2007 3331 3337 (Pubitemid 47559993)
77. E. Thostenson, and T. Chou Aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced composites: processing and mechanical characterization J Phys D Appl Phys 35 2002 77 80
78. S. Pegel, P. Potschke, G. Petzold, I. Alig, S. Dudkin, and D. Lellinger Dispersion, agglomeration, and network formation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in polycarbonate melts Polymer 49 2008 974 984
79. D. Qian, E. Dickey, R. Andrews, and T. Rantell Load transfer and deformation mechanisms in carbon nanotubes-polystyrene composites Appl Phys Lett 2000 76
80. P. Potschke, T. Fornes, and D. Paul Rheological behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polycarbonate composites Polymer 43 2002 3247 3255 (Pubitemid 34292921)
81. P. Potschke, A. Bhattacharyya, and A. Janke Melt mixing of polycarbonate with multiwalled carbon nanotubes: microscopic studies on the state of dispersion Eur Polym J 40 2004 137 148
82. L. Gorbatikh, S. Lomov, and I. Verpoest Nano-engineered composites: a multiscale approach for adding toughness to fibre reinforced composites Procedia Eng 10 2011 3252 3258
83. L. Nunes, S. Paciornik, and J. d'Almeida Evaluation of the damaged area of glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy-matrix composite materials submitted to ballistic impacts Compos Sci Technol 2004 64
84. E. Thostanson, W. Li, D. Wand, Z. Ren, and T. Chou Carbon nanotube/carbon fiber hybrid multiscale composites J Appl Phys 91 9 2002 6034 6037
85. E. Garcia, B. Wardle, A. Hart, and N. Yamamoto Fabrication and multifunctional properties of a hybrid laminate with aligned carbon nanotubes grown in-situ Compos Sci Technol 68 9 2008 2034 2041
86. N. Yamamoto, A. Hart, E. Garcia, S. Wicks, H. Duong, and A. Slocum High-yield growth and morphology control of aligned carbon nanotubes on ceramic fibers for multifunctional enhancement of structural composites Carbon 47 3 2009 551 560
87. V. Cecen, M. Sarikanat, Y. Seki, T. Govsa, H. Yildiz, and I. Tavman Polyester composites reinforced with noncrimp stitched carbon fabrics: mechanical characterization of composites and investigation on the interaction between polyester and carbon fiber J Appl Polym Sci 102 5 2006 4554 4564 (Pubitemid 44784109)
88. M. Tchoul, W. Ford, M. Ha, I. Chavez-Sumarriva, B. Grady, and G. Lolli Composites of single-walled carbon nanotubes and polystyrene: preparation and electrical conductivity Chem Mater 20 2008 3120 3126 (Pubitemid 351744601)
89. J. Zhu, A. Imam, R. Crane, K. Lozano, V. Khabashesku, and E. Barrera Processing a glass fiber reinforced vinyl ester composite with nanotube enhancement of interlaminar shear strength Compos Sci Technol 67 7-8 2007 1509 1517 (Pubitemid 46381369)
90. M. Sanchez, M. Campo, A. Jimenez-Suarez, C. Romon, and A. Urena Processing of carbon nanotubes filled carbon fiber/epoxy composites by varim 14th Eur Conf Compos Mater 2010 1 10
91. F. Inam, D.W. Wong, M. Kuwata, and T. Peijs Multiscale hybrid micro-nanocomposites based on carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers J Nanomater 2010 2010 1 12
92. A. Godara, L. Mezzo, F. Luizi, A. Warrier, S. Lomov, and A.V. Vuure Influence of carbon nanotube reinforcement on the processing and the mechanical behaviour of carbon fiber/epoxy composites Carbon 47 12 2009 2914 2923
93. T. Yokozeki, Y. Iwahori, and S. Ishiwata Matrix cracking behaviors in carbon fiber/epoxy laminates filled with cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs) Compos A 38 2007 917 924 (Pubitemid 44909022)
94. T. Yokozeki, Y. Iwahori, M. Ishibashi, T. Yanagisawa, K. Imai, and M. Arai Fracture toughness improvement of CFRP laminates by dispersion of cup-stacked carbon nanotubes Compos Sci Technol 69 2009 2268 2273
95. T. Yokozeki, Y. Iwahori, S. Ishiwata, and K. Enomoto Mechanical properties of CFRP laminates manufactured from unidirectional prepregs using CSCNT-dispersed epoxy Compos A 38 2007 2121 2130 (Pubitemid 47500215)
96. B. Ashrafi, J. Guan, V. Mirjalili, Y. Zhang, L. Chun, and P. Hubert Enhancement of mechanical performance of epoxy/carbon fiber laminate composites using single-walled carbon nanotubes Compos Sci Technol 71 2011 1569 1578
97. N. Siddiqui, S. Khan, P. Ma, C. Li, and J. Kim Manufacturing and characterization of carbon fibre/epoxy composite prepregs containing carbon nanotubes Compos A 42 2011 1412 1420
98. Y. Li, N. Hori, M. Arai, N. Hu, Y. Liu, and H. Fukunaga Improvement of interlaminar mechanical properties of CFRP laminates using VGCF Compos A 40 2009 2004 2012
99. N. Hu, Y. Li, T. Nakamura, T. Katsumata, T. Koshikawa, and M. Arai Reinforcement effects of MWCNT and VGCF in bulk composites and interlayer of CFRP laminates Compos B 43 2012 3 9
100. M. Arai, K. Matsushita, and S. Hirota Criterion for interlaminar strength of CFRP laminates toughned with carbon nanofiber interlayer Compos A 42 2011 703 711
101. F. Mujika, G. Vargas, J. Ibarretxe, J. DeGracia, and A. Arrese Influence of the modification with MWCNT on the interlaminar properties of long carbon fiber composites Compos B 2011
102. M. Arai, Y. Noro, K. Sugimoto, and M. Endo Mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP laminates toughned by carbon nanofiber interlayer Compos Sci Technol 68 2008 516 525 (Pubitemid 350286649)
103. G. Li, P. Li, C. Zhang, Y. Yu, H. Liu, and S. Zhang Inhomogeneous toughening of carbon fiber/epoxy composite using electrospun polysulfone nanofibrous membranes by in situ phase separation Compos Sci Technol 68 3-4 2008 987 994 (Pubitemid 351168343)
104. G. Li, P. Li, Y. Yu, X. Jia, S. Zhang, and X. Yang Novel carbon fiber/epoxy composite toughened by electrospun polysulfone nanofibers Mater Lett 62 3 2008 511 514 (Pubitemid 350166626)
105. E. Garcia, B. Wardle, and A. Hart Joining prepreg composite interfaces with aligned carbon nanotubes Compos A 39 2008 1065 1070
106. M. Wichmann, J. Sumfleth, F. Gojny, M. Quaresimin, B. Fiedler, and K. Schulte Glass-fibre-reinforced composites with enhanced mechanical and electrical properties - benefits and limitations of a nanoparticle matrix Eng Fract Mech 73 2006 2346 2359 (Pubitemid 44227778)
107. R. Sager, P. Klein, D. Lagoudas, Q. Zhang, J. Liu, and L. Dai Effect of carbon nanotubes on the interfacial shear strength of T650 carbon fiber in an epoxy matrix Compos Sci Technol 69 2009 898 904
108. H. Qian, A. Bismarck, E. Greehalgh, G. Kalinka, and M. Shaffer Hierarchical composites reinforced with carbon nanotube grafted fibers: the potential assessed at the single fiber level Chem Mater 20 2008 1862 1869 (Pubitemid 351560848)
109. H. Qian, A. Bismarck, E.S. Greenhalgh, and M.S. Shaffer Carbon nanotube grafted silica fibres: characterising the interface at the single fibre level Compos Sci Technol 70 2 2010 393 399
110. W. Down, and R. Baker Modification of the surface properties of carbon fibers via the catalytic growth of carbon nanofibers J Mater Res 10 1995 625 633
111. N. Siddiqui, M. Sham, B. Tang, A. Munir, and J. Kim Tensile strength of glass fibres with carbon nanotube-epoxy nanocomposite coating Compos A 2009 1606 1614
112. S. Gao, and E. Mader Nanostructured coatings of glass fibers: improvement of alkali resistance and mechanical properties Acta Mater 55 3 2007 1043 1052 (Pubitemid 46027658)
113. F. Gojny, M. Wichmann, B. Fiedler, and K. Schulte Influence of different carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of epoxy matrix composites - a comparative study Compos Sci Technol 65 2005 2300 2313 (Pubitemid 41574389)
114. J. Zhu, J. Kim, H. Peng, J. Margrave, V. Khabashesku, and E. Barrera Improving the dispersion and integration of single-walled carbon nanotubes in epoxy composites through functionalization Nano Lett 3 8 2003 1107 1113 (Pubitemid 37289305)
115. F. Gojny, M. Wichmann, U. Kopke, B. Fiedler, and K. Schulte Carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy-composites: enhanced stiffness and fracture toughness at low nanotube content Compos Sci Technol 64 2004 2363 2371 (Pubitemid 40032190)
116. S. Tsantzalis, P. Karapappas, A. Vavouliotis, P. Tsotra, V. Kostopoulos, and T. Tanimoto On the improvement of toughness of CFRPs with resin doped with CNF and PZT particles Compos A 38 2007 1159 1162 (Pubitemid 46097475)
117. A. Kinloch, and D. Hunston Effect of volume fraction of dispersed rubbery phase on the toughness of rubber-toughened epoxy polymers J Mater Sci Lett 6 1987 131 139
118. M. Byrne, and Y. Gun'ko Recent advances in research on carbon nanotube-polymer composites Adv Mater 22 2010 1688 1972
119. X. Gong, J. Liu, S. Baskaran, R. Voise, and J. Young Surfactant-assisted processing of carbon nanotube/polymer composites Chem Mater 12 2000 1049 1052
120. M. Wichmann, K. Schulte, and H. Wagner On nanocomposite toughness Compos Sci Technol 68 2008 329 331 (Pubitemid 47629786)
121. P. Ladevze, G. Lubineau, and D. Violeau A computational damage micromodel of laminate composites Int J Fract 137 1-4 2006 139 150 (Pubitemid 43362078)
122. Nairn JA. Applications of finite fracture mechanics for predicting fracture events in composites. In: Proc. 5th Int'l Conf Def Fract Comp Mat Lond, UK; 1999, p. 1.
123. R. DeBorst Challenges in computational materials science: multiple scales, multi-physics and evolving discontinuities Comput Mater Sci 43 2008 1 15
124. P. Camanho, C. Davila, and M. Moura Numerical simulation of mixed-mode progressive delamination in composite materials J Compos Mater 37 2003 1415 1438
125. K. Kepple, G. Sanborn, P. Lacasse, K. Gruenberg, and W. Ready Improved fracture toughness of carbon fiber composite functionalized with multi walled carbon nanotubes Carbon 46 2008 2026 2033
126. G. Romhany, and G. Szebenyi Interlaminar crack propagation in MWCNT/fiber reinforced hybrid composites Express Polymer Lett 3 3 2009 145 151
127. Y. Zhou, F. Pervin, L. Lewis, and S. Jeelani Fabrication and characterization of carbon/epoxy composites mixed with multi-walled carbon nanotubes Mater Sci Eng A 475 2008 157 165 (Pubitemid 351176507)
128. E. Bekyarova, E. Thostenson, A. Yu, M. Itkis, D. Fakhrutdinov, and T. Chou Functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes for carbon fiber-epoxy composites J Phys Chem C 111 2007 17865 17871 (Pubitemid 350279922)
129. M. Kim, Y.B. Park, O. Okoli, and C. Zhang Processing, characterization, and modeling of carbon nanotube-reinforced multiscale composites Compos Sci Technol 69 2009 335 342
130. N. Feld, O. Allix, E. Baranger, and J. Guimard Micro-mechanical prediction of UD laminates behavior under combined compression up to failure: influence of matrix degradation J Compos Mater 45 2011 2317 2333
131. J. Cho, I. Daniel, and D. Dikin Effects of block copolymer dispersant and nanotube length on reinforcement of carbon/epoxy composites Compos A 39 2008 1844 1850