Continuous wave Terahertz generation from ultra-fast InP-based photodiodes

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques

Volumn 60, Issue 3 PART 1, 2012, Pages 509-517

  Rouvalis, Efthymios ^a   Renaud, Cyril C ^a   Moodie, David G ^b   Robertson, Michael J ^b   Seeds, Alwyn J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b Ipswich Research Centre   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Photodetectors; photomixing; submillimeter wave generation; Terahertz

Indexed keywords

CONTINUOUS WAVE; CONTINUOUS-WAVE TERAHERTZ; EFFICIENT COUPLING; ELECTRICAL BANDWIDTH; LENSED FIBERS; MILLIMETER-WAVE RANGE; OUTPUT POWER; PHOTOMIXERS; PHOTOMIXING; RESPONSIVITY; SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE GENERATION; TERA HERTZ; TERAHERTZ GENERATION; TRAVELING WAVE; ULTRA-FAST; UNI-TRAVELING CARRIER PHOTODIODE;

BANDWIDTH; COPLANAR WAVEGUIDES; DC POWER TRANSMISSION; MILLIMETER WAVES; PHOTODETECTORS; PHOTODIODES; TRAVELING WAVE ANTENNAS;

TERAHERTZ WAVES;

EID: 84858161132     PISSN: 00189480     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2011.2178858     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. B. Ferguson and X.-C. Zhang, "Materials for terahertz science and technology," Nature Mater., vol. 1, pp. 26-33, 2002.
2. M. Tonouchi, "Cutting edge terahertz technology," Nature Photon., vol. 1, pp. 97-105, 2007.
3. P. H. Siegel, "Terahertz technology," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 910-928, Mar. 2002.
4. N. Karpowicz, H. Zhong, J. Xu, K. I. Lin, J. S. Hwang, and X.-C. Zhang, "Comparison between pulsed terahertz time-domain imaging and continuous wave terahertz imaging," Semicond. Sci. Technol., vol. 20, pp. S293-S299, 2005.
5. R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G.Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R.C. Iotti, and F.Rossi, "Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser," Nature, vol. 417, pp. 156-159, 2002.
6. M. A. Belkin, Q. J. Wang, C. Pflügl, A. Belyanin, S. P. Khanna, A. G. Davies, E. H. Linfield, and F. Capasso, "High-Temperature operation of terahertz quantum cascade laser sources," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 952-967, 2009.
7. M. Ino, T. Ishibashi, and M. Ohmori, "C.W. oscillation with-silicon IMPATT diodes in 200 GHz and 300 GHz bands," Electron. Lett., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 148-149, 1976.
8. H. Eisele, "480 GHz oscillator with an InP Gunn device," Electron. Lett., vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 422-423, 2010.
9. S. Suzuki, M. Asada, A. Teranishi, H. Sugiyama, and H. Yokoyama, "Fundamental oscillation of resonant tunneling diodes above 1 THz at room temperature," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 97, no. 24, pp. 242102-242102, 2010.
10. T. W. Crowe, W. L. Bishop, D. W. Porterfield, J. L. Hesler, and R. M. Weikle, II, "Opening the terahertz window with integrated diode circuits," IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 2104-2110, Oct. 2005.
11. G. Chattopadhyay, E. Schlecht, J. S.Ward, J. J. Gill, H. H. S. Javadi, F. Maiwald, and I. Mehdi, "An all-solid-state broadband frequency multiplier chain at 1500 GHz," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 1538-1546, May 2004.
12. A. Maestrini, J. S. Ward, J. J. Gill, C. Lee, B. Thomas, R. H. Lin, G. Chattopadhyay, and I. Mehdi, "A frequency-multiplied source with more than 1mWof power across the 840-900 GHz band," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 1925-1932, Jul. 2010.
13. A. J. Seeds and K. J. Williams, "Microwave photonics," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 4628-4641, Dec. 2006.
14. E. R. Brown, K. A. McIntosh, K. B. Nichols, and C. L. Dennis, "Photomixing up to 3.8 THz in low-temperature-grown GaAs," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 285-287, 1995.
15. D. Saeedkia and S. Safavi-Naeini, "Terahertz photonics: Optoelectronic techniques for generation and detection of terahertz waves," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 26, no. 15, pp. 2409-2423, Aug. 2008.
16. S. M. Duffy, S. Verghese, K. A. McIntosh, A. Jackson, A. C. Gossard, and S. Matsuura, "Accurate modeling of dual dipole and slot elements used with photomixers for coherent terahertz output power," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 1032-1038, Jun. 2001.
17. C. C. Renaud, M. Pantouvaki, S. Gregoire, I. Lealman, P. Cannard, S. Cole, R. Moore, R. Gwilliam, and A. J. Seeds, "A monolithic MQW InP-InGaAsP-based optical comb generator," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 998-1005, Nov. 2007.
18. F. Lelarge, B. Dagens, J. Renaudier, R. Brenot, A. Accard, F. van Dijk, D. Make, O. L. Gouezigou, J.-G. Provost, F. Poingt, J. Landreau, O. Drisse, E. Derouin, B. Rousseau, F. Pommereau, and G.-H. Duan, "Recent advances on InAs/InP quantum dash based semiconductor lasers and optical amplifiers operating at 1.55 m," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 111-124, Jan. 2007.
19. L. A. Coldren, "Monolithic tunable diode lasers," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 988-999, Nov./Dec. 2000.
20. S. Ristic, A. Bhardwaj, M. J. Rodwell, L. A. Coldren, and L. A. Johansson, "An optical phase-locked loop photonic integrated circuit," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 526-538, Feb. 2010.
21. R. J. Steed, L. Ponnampalam,M. J. Fice, C. C. Renaud, D. C. Rogers, D. G. Moodie, G. D. Maxwell, I. F. Lealman, M. J. Robertson, L. Pavlovic, L. Naglic, M. Vidmar, and A. J. Seeds, "Hybrid integrated optical phase-lock loops for photonic terahertz sources," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 210-217, Jan. 2011.
22. M. J. Fice, E. Rouvalis, L. Ponnampalam, C. C. Renaud, and A. J. Seeds, "Telecommunications technology-based THz sources," Electron. Lett., vol. 46, no. 26, pp. S28-S31, 2010.
23. A. Beling and J. C. Campbell, "InP-based high-speed photodetectors," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 343-355, Mar. 2009.
24. H. Ito, S. Kodama, Y. Muramoto, T. Furuta, T. Nagatsuma, and T. Ishibashi, "High-speed and high-output InP-InGaAs unitraveling-carrier photodiodes," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 709-727, Jul./Aug. 2004.
25. K. S. Giboney, M. J. W. Rodwell, and J. E. Bowers, "Traveling-Wave photodetector design and measurements," IEEE J. Sel. TopicsQuantum Electron., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 622-629, May./Jun. 1996.
26. E. Rouvalis, C. C. Renaud, D. G. Moodie, M. J. Robertson, and A. J. Seeds, "Traveling-wave uni-traveling carrier photodiodes for continuous wave THz generation," Opt. Exp., vol. 18, pp. 11105-11110, 2010.
27. T. Ishibashi, S. Kodama, N. Shimizu, and T. Furuta, "High-Speed response of uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 6263-6268, 1997.
28. S. Demiguel, N. Li, X. Li, X. Zheng, J. Kim, J. C. Campbell, H. Lu, and A. Anselm, "Very high-responsivity evanescently coupled photodiodes integrating a short planar multimode waveguide for high-speed applications," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1761-1763, Dec. 2003.
29. F. Xia, J. K. Thomson, M. R. Gokhale, P. V. Studenkov, J.Wei, W. Lin, and S. R. Forrest, "An asymmetric twin-waveguide high-bandwidth photodiode using a lateral taper coupler," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 845-847, Aug. 2001.
30. A. Beling, H.-G. Bach, G. G. Mekonnen, R. Kunkel, and D. Schmidt, "High-Speed miniaturized photodiode and parallel-fed traveling-wave photodetectors based on InP," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 15-21, Jan./Feb. 2007.
31. A. Stöhr, A. Malcoci, A. Sauerwald, I. C. Mayorga, R. Güsten, and D. S. Jäger, "Ultra-Wide-Band traveling-wave photodetectors for photonic local oscillators," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 3062-3070, Dec. 2003.
32. P. Roblin andH. Rohdin,High-SpeedHeterostructureDevices. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002.
33. H. Ito, T. Furuta, S. Kodama, and T. Ishibashi, "InP/InGaAs uni-travelling-carrier photodiode with 310 GHz bandwidth," Electron. Lett., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 1809-1810, 2000.
34. R. Lewen, S. Irmscher, and U. Eriksson, "Microwave CAD circuit modeling of a traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator," IEEE Trans.Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 1117-1128, Apr. 2003.
35. R. N. Simons, Coplanar Waveguide Circuits, Components, and Systems. New York: Wiley, 2001.
36. I. S. Gregory, C. Baker, W. R. Tribe, I. V. Bradley, M. J. Evans, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, and M. Missous, "Optimization of photomixers and antennas for continuous-wave terahertz emission," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 717-728, May 2005.
37. D. F. Filipovic, S. S. Gearhart, and G. M. Rebeiz, "Double-Slot antennas on extended hemispherical and elliptical silicon dielectric lenses," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 1738-1749, Oct. 1993.
38. J. V. Rudd and D. M. Mittleman, "Influence of substrate-lens design in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 319-329, 2002.
39. D. Koller, G. A. Ediss, L. Mihaly, and G. L. Carr, "Infrared measurements of possible IR filter materials," Int. J. InfraredMillimeterWaves, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 835-846, 2006.
40. D. J. Benford, M. C. Gaidis, and J. W. Kooi, "Optical properties of Zitex in the infrared to submillimeter," Appl. Opt., vol. 42, no. 25, pp. 5118-5122, 2003.
41. C. C. Renaud, L. Ponnampalam, F. Pozzi, E. Rouvalis, D. Moodie,M. Robertson, and A. J. Seeds, "Photonically enabled communication systems beyond 1000 GHz," in Proc. IEEE Int. Topical Meeting Microw. Photon. (MWP), 2008, pp. 55-58.
42. E. Rouvalis,M. J. Fice, C. C. Renaud, and A. J. Seeds, "Optoelectronic detection of millimetre-wave signals with travelling-wave uni-travelling carrier photodiodes," Opt. Exp., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 2079-2084, 2011.
43. E. Rouvalis,M. J. Fice, C. C. Renaud, and A. J. Seeds, "Optoelectronic mixing at 100 GHz with travelling-wave uni-travelling carrier photodiodes," in Proc. Conf. Lasers Electro-Optics (CLEO), 2011, Paper JThB115.