Immunological and inflammatory responses to organic dust in agriculture

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 126-132

  Poole, Jill A ^a   Romberger, Debra J ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b VA NEBRASKA WESTERN IOWA HEALTH CARE SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

adaptation; endotoxin; farm; innate immunity; pattern recognition receptors; peptidoglycan; respiratory disease

Indexed keywords

BACTERIUM LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN PROTEIN 15; CHEMOKINE; CYTOKINE; ENDOTOXIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE BINDING PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE BINDING OLIGOMERIZATION DOMAIN LIKE RECEPTOR; PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR; PEPTIDOGLYCAN; PROTEIN KINASE C; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; AGRICULTURE; ALLERGIC DISEASE; CELL FUNCTION; CHRONIC DISEASE; CHRONIC RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; CYTOKINE RELEASE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EPITHELIUM CELL; FARMING SYSTEM; FEVER; GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIUM; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOMODULATION; INFLAMMATION; INNATE IMMUNITY; LONG TERM EXPOSURE; LUNG FUNCTION; LUNG PARENCHYMA; LYMPHOCYTE; MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE; NEUTROPHIL COUNT; NONHUMAN; OLIGOMERIZATION; ORGANIC DUST; PHENOTYPE; PNEUMONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

AGRICULTURAL WORKERS' DISEASES; ANIMALS; CHRONIC DISEASE; DUST; ENDOTOXINS; FEMALE; GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; MALE; MICE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PNEUMONIA; RECEPTORS, PATTERN RECOGNITION;

EID: 84858154479     PISSN: 15284050     EISSN: 14736322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283511d0e     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Eduard W, Pearce N, Douwes J. Chronic bronchitis, COPD, and lung function in farmers: the role of biological agents. Chest 2009; 136:716-725.
2. Girard M, Cormier Y. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10:99-103. This is an important review article of hypersensitivity pneumonitis with relevance to agricultural exposures.
3. Schwartz DA, Landas SK, Lassise DL, et al. Airway injury in swine confinement workers. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116:630-635.
4. Schwartz DA, Donham KJ, Olenchock SA, et al. Determinants of longitudinal changes in spirometric function among swine confinement operators and farmers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:47-53.
5. Rask-Andersen A, Malmberg P, Lundholm M. Endotoxin levels in farming: absence of symptoms despite high exposure levels. Br J Ind Med 1989; 46:412-416. (Pubitemid 19149785)
6. Kateman E, Heederik D, Pal TM, et al. Relationship of airborne microorganisms with the lung function and leucocyte levels of workers with a history of humidifier fever. Scand J Work Environ Health 1990; 16:428-433.
7. Senthilselvan A, Beach J, Feddes J, et al. A prospective evaluation of air quality and workers' health in broiler and layer operations. Occup Environ Med 2011; 68:102-107. This is an important recent exposure assessment study, focusing on poultry workers and respiratory health outcomes.
8. Kirychuk SP, Reynolds SJ, Koehncke NK, et al. Endotoxin and dust at respirable and nonrespirable particle sizes are not consistent between cageand floor-housed poultry operations. Ann Occup Hyg 2010; 54:824-832. This study describes that the biological relevance of constituents of dust are impacted by more than one characteristic such as endotoxin and size of particle.
9. Sebastian A, Larsson L. Characterization of the microbial community in indoor environments: a chemical-analytical approach. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:3103-3109. (Pubitemid 36693310)
10. Nehme B, Letourneau V, Forster RJ, et al. Culture-independent approach of the bacterial bioaerosol diversity in the standard swine confinement buildings, and assessment of the seasonal effect. Environ Microbiol 2008; 10:665-675. (Pubitemid 351160907)
11. Nehme B, Gilbert Y, Letourneau V, et al. Culture-independent characterization of archaeal biodiversity in swine confinement building bioaerosols. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:5445-5450.
12. Poole JA, Dooley GP, Saito R, et al. Muramic acid, endotoxin, 3-hydroxy fatty acids, and ergosterol content explain monocyte and epithelial cell inflammatory responses to agricultural dusts. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2010; 73:684-700.
13. Poole JA, Alexis NE, Parks C, et al. Repetitive organic dust exposure in vitro impairs macrophage differentiation and function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:375-382; 382 e1-e4.
14. Szponar B, Larsson L. Use of mass spectrometry for characterising microbial communities in bioaerosols. Ann Agric Environ Med 2001; 8:111-117. (Pubitemid 34016729)
15. Zhiping W, Malmberg P, Larsson BM, et al. Exposure to bacteria in swinehouse dust and acute inflammatory reactions in humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154:1261-1266. (Pubitemid 26391166)
16. Larsson BM, Larsson K, Malmberg P, Palmberg L. Gram positive bacteria induce IL-6 and IL-8 production in human alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells. Inflammation 1999; 23:217-230. (Pubitemid 29301565)
17. Halstensen AS, Nordby KC, Wouters IM, Eduard W. Determinants of microbial exposure in grain farming. Ann Occup Hyg 2007; 51:581-592. (Pubitemid 351859257)
18. Samadi S, Wouters IM, Houben R, et al. Exposure to inhalable dust, endotoxins, beta(1->3)-glucans, and airborne microorganisms in horse stables. Ann Occup Hyg 2009; 53:595-603.
19. George CL, Jin H, Wohlford-Lenane CL, et al. Endotoxin responsiveness and subchronic grain dust-induced airway disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001; 280:L203-L213.
20. Jagielo PJ, Thorne PS, Watt JL, et al. Grain dust and endotoxin inhalation challenges produce similar inflammatory responses in normal subjects. Chest 1996; 110:263-270. (Pubitemid 26249332)
21. Charavaryamath C, Juneau V, Suri SS, et al. Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in lung inflammation following exposure to swine barn air. Exp Lung Res 2008; 34:19-35.
22. Senthilselvan A, Dosman JA, Chenard L, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 variants reduce airway response in human subjects at high endotoxin levels in a swine facility. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:1034-1040; 1040.e1-e2.
23. LeVan TD, Von Essen S, Romberger DJ, et al. Polymorphisms in the CD14 gene associated with pulmonary function in farmers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:773-779. (Pubitemid 40471149)
24. Poole JA, Wyatt TA, Von Essen SG, et al. Repeat organic dust exposureinduced monocyte inflammation is associated with protein kinase C activity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:366-373. (Pubitemid 47411529)
25. Poole JA, Thiele GM, Alexis NE, et al. Organic dust exposure alters monocyte-derived dendritic cell differentiation and maturation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 297:L767-L776.
26. Romberger DJ, Bodlak V, Von Essen SG, et al. Hog barn dust extract stimulates IL-8 and IL-6 release in human bronchial epithelial cells via PKC activation. J Appl Physiol 2002; 93:289-296. (Pubitemid 34686223)
27. Muller-Suur C, Larsson K, Grunewald J. Organic dust-induced interleukin-12 production activates T- and natural killer cells. Eur Respir J 2002; 20:686-690.
28. Demanche A, Bonlokke J, Beaulieu MJ, et al. Swine confinement buildings: effects of airborne particles and settled dust on airway smooth muscles. Ann Agric Environ Med 2009; 16:233-238.
29. Bailey KL, Poole JA, Mathisen TL, et al. Toll-like receptor 2 is upregulated by hog confinement dust in an IL-6-dependent manner in the airway epithelium. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 294:L1049-L1054.
30. von Scheele I, Larsson K, Palmberg L. Budesonide enhances Toll-like receptor 2 expression in activated bronchial epithelial cells. Inhal Toxicol 2010; 22:493-499.
31. Poole JA, Wyatt TA, Kielian T, et al. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) regulates organic dust-induced airway inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:711-719.
32. Poole JA, Wyatt TA, Oldenburg PJ, et al. Intranasal organic dust exposureinduced airway adaptation response marked by persistent lung inflammation and pathology in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 296:L1085-L1095.
33. Eder W, Klimecki W, Yu L, et al. Toll-like receptor 2 as a major gene for asthma in children of European farmers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113:482-488. (Pubitemid 38338954)
34. Poole JA, Kielian T, Wyatt TA, et al. Organic dust augments nucleotidebinding oligomerization domain (NOD2) expression via an nf-{kappa}b pathway to negatively regulate inflammatory responses. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L296-L306. This study highlights a potential role of intracellular sensors with mechanistic focus.
35. Farkas L, Stoelcker B, Jentsch N, et al. Muramyldipeptide modulates CXCL-8 release of BEAS-2B cells via NOD2. Scand J Immunol 2008; 68:315-322.
36. Koslowski MJ, Beisner J, Stange EF, Wehkamp J. Innate antimicrobial host defense in small intestinal Crohn's disease. Int J Med Microbiol 2010; 300:34-40.
37. Rosenstiel P, Fantini M, Brautigam K, et al. TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma regulate the expression of the NOD2 (CARD15) gene in human intestinal epithelial cells. Gastroenterology 2003; 124:1001-1009. (Pubitemid 36389803)
38. Watanabe T, Kitani A, Murray PJ, Strober W. NOD2 is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 2-mediated T helper type 1 responses. Nat Immunol 2004; 5:800-808. (Pubitemid 39172973)
39. Tsai WH, Huang DY, Yu YH, et al. Dual roles of NOD2 in TLR4-mediated signal transduction and -induced inflammatory gene expression in macrophages. Cell Microbiol 2010; 13:717-730.
40. Kim YG, Park JH, Daignault S, et al. Cross-tolerization between Nod1 and Nod2 signaling results in reduced refractoriness to bacterial infection in Nod2-deficient macrophages. J Immunol 2008; 181:4340-4346.
41. Kim YG, Park JH, Shaw MH, et al. The cytosolic sensors Nod1 and Nod2 are critical for bacterial recognition and host defense after exposure to Toll-like receptor ligands. Immunity 2008; 28:246-257.
42. Reijmerink NE, Bottema RW, Kerkhof M, et al. TLR-related pathway analysis: novel gene-gene interactions in the development of asthma and atopy. Allergy 2010; 65:199-207.
43. Melen E, Kho AT, Sharma S, et al. Expression analysis of asthma candidate genes during human and murine lung development. Respir Res 2011; 12:86.
44. Weidinger S, Klopp N, Rummler L, et al. Association of NOD1 polymorphisms with atopic eczema and related phenotypes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 116:177-184. (Pubitemid 40909765)
45. Von Essen S, Romberger D. The respiratory inflammatory response to the swine confinement building environment: the adaptation to respiratory exposures in the chronically exposed worker. J Agric Saf Health 2003; 9:185-196.
46. Sundblad BM, von Scheele I, Palmberg L, et al. Repeated exposure to organic material alters inflammatory and physiological airway responses. Eur Respir J 2009; 34:80-88.
47. Israel-Assayag E, Cormier Y. Adaptation to organic dust exposure: a potential role of L-selectin shedding? Eur Respir J 2002; 19:833-837. (Pubitemid 34567895)
48. Sahlander K, Larsson K, Palmberg L. Altered innate immune response in farmers and smokers. Innate Immun 2010; 16:27-38.
49. Willson PJ, Khozani TT, Juurlink BH, et al. In vitro production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by human monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide is positively correlated with increased blood monocytes after exposure to a swine barn. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2008; 71:1401-1406.
50. Wyatt TA, Slager RE, Heires AJ, et al. Sequential activation of protein kinase C isoforms by organic dust is mediated by tumor necrosis factor. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 42:706-715.
51. Charavaryamath C, Janardhan KS, Townsend HG, et al. Multiple exposures to swine barn air induce lung inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness. Respir Res 2005; 6:50.
52. von Mutius E, Radon K. Living on a farm: impact on asthma induction and clinical course. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2008; 28:631-647; ix-x.
53. Thorburn AN, Hansbro PM. Harnessing regulatory T cells to suppress asthma: from potential to therapy. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 43:511-519.
54. Roduit C, Wohlgensinger J, Frei R, et al. Prenatal animal contact and gene expression of innate immunity receptors at birth are associated with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:179-185; 185.e1. This is an interesting study drawing attention to the role of farming exposure impact on innate immunity in early life.
55. Tulic MK, Hodder M, Forsberg A, et al. Differences in innate immune function between allergic and nonallergic children: new insights into immune ontogeny. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:470-478; e1.
56. Lenters V, Basinas I, Beane-Freeman L, et al. Endotoxin exposure and lung cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature on agriculture and cotton textile workers. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21:523-555.
57. Robinson CF, Sullivan PA, Li J, Walker JT. Occupational lung cancer in US women, 1984-1998. Am J Ind Med 2011; 54:102-117.
58. Schachter EN, Zuskin E, Moshier EL, et al. Gender and respiratory findings in workers occupationally exposed to organic aerosols: a meta analysis of 12 cross-sectional studies. Environ Health 2009; 8:1.
59. Elholm G, Omland O, Schlunssen V, et al. The cohort of young Danish farmers: a longitudinal study of the health effects of farming exposure. Clin Epidemiol 2010; 2:45-50. This study is cited because it highlights the importance of longitudinal studies in this area of research.
60. Leon ME, Beane Freeman LE, Douwes J, et al. AGRICOH: a consortium of agricultural cohorts. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2011; 8:1341-1357.
61. Board BJ, Brown J. Barriers and Enablers to Returning to Work From Long-Term Sickness Absence: Part I-A Quantitative Perspective. Am J Ind Med 2011; 54:307-324.
62. Elholm G, Omland O, Schlunssen V, et al. The cohort of young Danish farmers: a longitudinal study of the health effects of farming exposure. Clin Epidemiol 2010; 2:45-50. [59]
63. Girard M, Cormier Y. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10:99-103. [02]
64. Kirychuk SP, Reynolds SJ, Koehncke NK, et al. Endotoxin and dust at respirable and nonrespirable particle sizes are not consistent between cage- and floor-housed poultry operations. Ann Occup Hyg 2010; 54:824-832. [08]
65. Nakamura K, Nagata C, Wada K, Fujii K, et al. Association of Farming with the Development of Cedar Pollinosis in Japanese Adults. Ann Epidemiol 2010; 20:804-810.
66. Poole JA, Kielian T, Wyatt TA, et al. Organic dust augments nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD2) expression via an nf-{kappa}b pathway to negatively regulate inflammatory responses. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L296-L306. [34]
67. Roduit C, Wohlgensinger J, Frei R, et al. Prenatal animal contact and gene expression of innate immunity receptors at birth are associated with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:179-185. 185.e1 [54]
68. Senthilselvan A, Beach J, Feddes J, et al. A prospective evaluation of air quality and workers' health in broiler and layer operations. Occup Environ Med 2011; 68:102-107. [07]