The enterococcus faecalis exoproteome: Identification and temporal regulation by fsr

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2012, Pages

  Shankar, Jayendra ^a   Walker, Rachel G ^a,b   Ward, Deborah ^a   Horsburgh, Malcolm J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b Society for General Microbiology   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL PROTEIN; CIPROFLOXACIN; EXOPROTEOME; GENTAMICIN; PROTEIN FSR; PROTEIN GELE; PROTEIN SPRE; PROTEOME; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; FSRA PROTEIN, ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS; PRIMER DNA;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL CELL WALL; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; BACTERIUM MUTANT; CELL DIVISION; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS; FSRB GENE; IRELAND; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NONHUMAN; OPERON; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PULSED FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; STRAIN DIFFERENCE; UNITED KINGDOM; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETICS; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION; PEPTIDE MAPPING; SECRETION; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; TWO DIMENSIONAL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS;

ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS;

BACTERIAL PROTEINS; DNA PRIMERS; ELECTROPHORESIS, GEL, TWO-DIMENSIONAL; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, BACTERIAL; NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION TECHNIQUES; OPERON; PEPTIDE MAPPING; PROTEOME; SPECIES SPECIFICITY;

EID: 84858009788     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033450     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Bonten MJ, Willems R, Weinstein RA, (2001) Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: why are they here and where do they come from? Lancet Infect Dis 1: 314-325.
2. Willems RJ, van Schaik W, (2009) Transition of Enterococcus faecium from commensal organism to nosocomial pathogen. Future Microbiol 4: 1125-1135.
3. Chang S, Sievert DM, Hageman JC, Boulton ML, Tenover FC, et al. (2003) Infection with vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus containing the vanA resistance gene. N Engl J Med 348: 1342-1347.
4. Biavasco F, Giovanetti E, Miele A, Vignaroli C, Facinelli B, et al. (1996) In vitro conjugative transfer of VanA vancomycin resistance between enterococci and listeriae of different species. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 15: 50-59.
5. Miller D, Urdaneta V, Weltman A, (2002) Public health dispatch: Vancomycin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus - Pennsylvania. Morbidity and Mortality weekly Report 51: 902.
6. Sievert D, Boulton M, Stoltman G, Johnson D, Stobierski M, et al. (2002) Staphylococcus aureus resistant to vancomycin - United states. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly report 51: 565-567.
7. Gilmore MS, Ferretti JJ, (2003) The thin line between gut commensal and pathogen. Science 299: 1999-2002.
8. Hancock LE, Gilmore MS, (2006) Pathogenicity of Enterococci. In: Fischetti V, Novick R, Ferretti J, Portnoy D, Rood J, editors. Gram-Positive Organisms ASM Publications.
9. Tendolkar PM, Baghdayan AS, Shankar N, (2003) Pathogenic Enterococci: new developments in the 21st century. Cell Mol Life Sci 60: 2622-2636.
10. Qin X, Singh KV, Weinstock GM, Murray BE, (2001) Characterization of fsr, a regulator controlling expression of gelatinase and serine protease in Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. J Bacteriol 183: 3372-3382.
11. Bourgogne A, Hilsenbeck SG, Dunny GM, Murray BE, (2006) Comparison of OG1RF and an isogenic fsrB deletion mutant by transcriptional analysis: the Fsr system of Enterococcus faecalis is more than the activator of gelatinase and serine protease. J Bacteriol 188: 2875-2884.
12. Hancock LE, Perego M, (2002) Two-component signal transduction in Enterococcus faecalis. J Bacteriol 184: 5819-5825.
13. Qin X, Singh KV, Weinstock GM, Murray BE, (2000) Effects of Enterococcus faecalis fsr genes on production of gelatinase and a serine protease and virulence. Infect Immun 68: 2579-2586.
14. Nakayama J, Kariyama R, Kumon H, (2002) Description of a 23.9-kilobase chromosomal deletion containing a region encoding fsr genes which mainly determines the gelatinase-negative phenotype of clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis in urine. Appl Environ Microbiol 68: 3152-3155.
15. Galloway-Pena JR, Bourgogne A, Qin X, Murray BE, (2011) Diversity of the fsr-gelE region of the Enterococcus faecalis genome but conservation in strains with partial deletions of the fsr operon. Appl Environ Microbiol 77: 442-451.
16. Lowy FD, (1998) Staphylococcus aureus infections. N Engl J Med 339: 520-532.
17. Collin M, Olsen A, (2001) EndoS, a novel secreted protein from Streptococcus pyogenes with endoglycosidase activity on human IgG. EMBO J 20: 3046-3055.
18. Neuza Teixeira N, Santos S, Marujo P, Yokohata R, Iyer V, et al. (2012) Incongruent gelatinase genotype and phenotype in Enterococcus faecalis is due to shutting off the ability to respond to the GBAP quorum-sensing signal. Microbiology 158: 519-528.
19. Laemmli UK, (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227: 680-685.
20. Chaussee MA, McDowell EJ, Chaussee MS, (2008) Proteomic analysis of proteins secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes. Methods Mol Biol 431: 15-24.
21. Burlak C, Hammer CH, Robinson MA, Whitney AR, McGavin MJ, et al. (2007) Global analysis of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus exoproteins reveals molecules produced in vitro and during infection. Cell Microbiol 9: 1172-1190.
22. Yan JX, Wait R, Berkelman T, Harry RA, Westbrook JA, et al. (2000) A modified silver staining protocol for visualization of proteins compatible with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 21: 3666-3672.
23. Neuhoff V, Arold N, Taube D, Ehrhardt W, (1988) Improved staining of proteins in polyacrylamide gels including isoelectric focusing gels with clear background at nanogram sensitivity using Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 and R-250. Electrophoresis 9: 255-262.
24. Woodford N, Reynolds R, Turton J, Scott F, Sinclair A, et al. (2003) Two widely disseminated strains of Enterococcus faecalis highly resistant to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin from bacteraemias in the UK and Ireland. J Antimicrob Chemother 52: 711-714.
25. Paulsen IT, Banerjei L, Myers GS, Nelson KE, Seshadri R, et al. (2003) Role of mobile DNA in the evolution of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Science 299: 2071-2074.
26. Ruiz-Garbajosa P, Bonten MJ, Robinson DA, Top J, Nallapareddy SR, et al. (2006) Multilocus sequence typing scheme for Enterococcus faecalis reveals hospital-adapted genetic complexes in a background of high rates of recombination. J Clin Microbiol 44: 2220-2228.
27. Emanuelsson O, Brunak S, von Heijne G, Nielsen H, (2007) Locating proteins in the cell using TargetP, SignalP and related tools. Nat Protoc 2: 953-971.
28. von Heijne G, (1990) The signal peptide. J Membr Biol 115: 195-201.
29. Nakai K, Horton P, (1999) PSORT: a program for detecting sorting signals in proteins and predicting their subcellular localization. Trends Biochem Sci 24: 34-36.
30. Yasmin A, Kenny JG, Shankar J, Darby AC, Hall N, et al. (2010) Comparative genomics and transduction potential of Enterococcus faecalis temperate bacteriophages. J Bacteriol 192: 1122-1130.
31. Manson JM, Hancock LE, Gilmore MS, (2010) Mechanism of chromosomal transfer of Enterococcus faecalis pathogenicity island, capsule, antimicrobial resistance, and other traits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107: 12269-12274.
32. Del Papa MF, Hancock LE, Thomas VC, Perego M, (2007) Full activation of Enterococcus faecalis gelatinase by a C-terminal proteolytic cleavage. J Bacteriol 189: 8835-8843.
33. Kawalec M, Potempa J, Moon JL, Travis J, Murray BE, (2005) Molecular diversity of a putative virulence factor: purification and characterization of isoforms of an extracellular serine glutamyl endopeptidase of Enterococcus faecalis with different enzymatic activities. J Bacteriol 187: 266-275.
34. Wörmann ME, Reichmann NT, Malone CL, Horswill AR, Gründling A, (2011) Proteolytic cleavage inactivates the Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid synthase. J Bacteriol 193: 5279-5291.
35. Bourgogne A, Garsin DA, Qin X, Singh KV, Sillanpaa J, et al. (2008) Large scale variation in Enterococcus faecalis illustrated by the genome analysis of strain OG1RF. Genome Biol 9: R110.
36. Ziebandt AK, Kusch H, Degner M, Jaglitz S, Sibbald MJ, et al. (2010) Proteomics uncovers extreme heterogeneity in the Staphylococcus aureus exoproteome due to genomic plasticity and variant gene regulation. Proteomics 10: 1634-1644.
37. Antikainen J, Kuparinen V, Lähteenmäki K, Korhonen TK, (2007) Enolases from Gram-positive bacterial pathogens and commensal lactobacilli share functional similarity in virulence-associated traits. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 51: 526-34.
38. Waters CM, Antiporta MH, Murray BE, Dunny GM, (2003) Role of the Enterococcus faecalis GelE protease in determination of cellular chain length, supernatant pheromone levels, and degradation of fibrin and misfolded surface proteins. J Bacteriol 185: 3613-23.
39. Ramirez-Arcos S, Liao M, Marthaler S, Rigden M, Dillon JA, (2005) Enterococcus faecalis divIVA: an essential gene involved in cell division, cell growth and chromosome segregation. Microbiology 151: 1381-93.
40. Bøhle LA, Riaz T, Egge-Jacobsen W, Skaugen M, Busk ØL, et al. (2011) Identification of surface proteins in Enterococcus faecalis V583. BMC Genomics 12: 135.
41. Maddalo G, Chovanec P, Stenberg-Bruzell F, Nielsen HV, Jensen-Seaman MI, et al. (2011) A reference map of the membrane proteome of Enterococcus faecalis. Proteomics 11: 3935-3941.
42. Dunny GM, Brown BL, Clewell DB, (1978) Induced cell aggregation and mating in Streptococcus faecalis: evidence for a bacterial sex pheromone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 75: 3479-3483.
43. Singh KV, Qin X, Weinstock GM, Murray BE, (1998) Generation and testing of mutants of Enterococcus faecalis in a mouse peritonitis model. J Infect Dis 178: 1416-1420.
44. Sahm DF, Kissinger J, Gilmore MS, Murray PR, Mulder R, et al. (1989) In vitro susceptibility studies of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33: 1588-1591.
45. Jacob AE, Hobbs SJ, (1974) Conjugal transfer of plasmid-borne multiple antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes. J Bacteriol 117: 360-372.