Emerging imaging tools for use with traumatic brain injury research

Journal of Neurotrauma

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 654-671

  Hunter, Jill V ^a,b   Wilde, Elisabeth A ^b,c   Tong, Karen A ^d   Holshouser, Barbara A ^d  

^a TEXAS CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c Medical Center   (United States)

^d LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

adults; children; CT; MRI; neuroimaging; TBI

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUTOMATION; COMPUTER PROGRAM; CONVALESCENCE; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING; DISEASE COURSE; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; NEUROIMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PROGNOSIS; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; SUSCEPTIBILITY WEIGHTED IMAGING; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; TREATMENT PLANNING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BRAIN INJURIES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; HUMANS; INFANT; NEUROIMAGING; RESEARCH DESIGN;

EID: 84857887715     PISSN: 08977151     EISSN: 15579042     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.1906     Document Type: Article

References (195)

1. Aaen, G.S., Holshouser, B.A., Sheridan, C., Colbert, C., McKenney, M., Kido, D., and Ashwal, S. (2010). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy predicts outcomes for children with nonaccidental trauma. Pediatrics 125, 295-303.
2. Adams, J.H., Jennett, B., Murray, L.S., Teasdale, G.M., Gennarelli, T.A., and Graham, D.I. (2011). Neuropathological findings in disabled survivors of a head injury. J. Neurotrauma 28, 701-709.
3. Alessandri, B., Basciani, R., Langemann, H., Lyrer, P., Pluess, D., Landolt, H., and Gratz, O. (2000). Chronic effects of an aminosteroid on microdialytically measured parameters after experimental middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. J. Clin. Neurosci. 7, 47-51.
4. Anderson, C.V., Bigler, E.D., and Blatter, D.D. (1995). Frontal lobe lesions, diffuse damage, and neuropsychological functioning in traumatic brain-injured patients. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 17, 900-908.
5. Arfanakis, K., Haughton, V.M., Carew, J.D., Rogers, B.P., Dempsey, R.J., and Meyerand, M.E. (2002). Diffusion tensor MR imaging in diffuse axonal injury. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 23, 794-802.
6. Ashwal, S., Babikian, T., Gardner-Nichols, J., Freier, M.C., Tong, K.A., and Holshouser, B.A. (2006a). Susceptibility-weighted imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in assessment of outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 87, S50-58.
7. Ashwal, S., Holshouser, B., Tong, K., Serna, T., Osterdock, R., Gross, M., and Kido, D. (2004a). Proton MR spectroscopy detected glutamate/glutamine is increased in children with traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 21, 1539-1552.
8. Ashwal, S., Holshouser, B., Tong, K., Serna, T., Osterdock, R., Gross, M. and Kido, D. (2004b). Proton spectroscopy detected myoinositol in children with traumatic brain injury. Pediatr. Res. 56, 630-638.
9. Ashwal, S., Holshouser, B.A., Shu, S.K., Simmons, P.L., Perkin, R.M., Tomasi, L.G., Knierim, D.S., Sheridan, C., Craig, K., Andrews, G.H., and Hinshaw, D.B. (2000). Predictive value of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in pediatric closed head injury. Pediatr. Neurol. 23, 114-125.
10. Ashwal, S., Holshouser, B.A. and Tong, K.A. (2006b). Use of advanced neuroimaging techniques in the evaluation of pediatric traumatic brain injury. Dev. Neurosci. 28, 309-326.
11. Babikian, T., Freier, M.C., Ashwal, S., Riggs, M.L., Burley, T., and Holshouser, B.A. (2006). MR spectroscopy: Predicting long-term neuropsychological outcome following pediatric TBI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 24, 801-811.
12. Babikian, T., Freier, M.C., Tong, K.A., Nickerson, J.P., Wall, C.J., Holshouser, B.A., Burley, T., Riggs, M.L., and Ashwal, S. (2005). Susceptibility weighted imaging: Neuropsychologic outcome and pediatric head injury. Pediatr. Neurol. 33, 184-194.
13. Bagley, L.J., McGowan, J.C., Grossman, R.I., Sinson, G., Kotapka, M., Lexa, F.J., Berlin, J.A., and McIntosh, T.K. (2000). Magnetization transfer imaging of traumatic brain injury. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 11, 1-8.
14. Barker, P., Bizzi, A., De Stefano, N., Gullapalli, R., and Lin, D. (2010). Spectral analysis methods, quantitation and common artifacts, in: Clinical MR Spectroscopy: Techniques and Applications. Cambridge University Press: New York, pps. 39-42.
15. Barker, P.B., Soher, B.J., Blackband, S.J., Chatham, J.C., Mathews, V.P., and Bryan, R.N. (1993). Quantitation of proton NMR spectra of the human brain using tissue water as an internal concentration reference. NMR Biomed. 6, 89-94.
16. Bazarian, J.J., Zhong, J., Blyth, B., Zhu, T., Kavcic, V., and Peterson, D. (2007). Diffusion tensor imaging detects clinically important axonal damage after mild traumatic brain injury: A pilot study. J. Neurotrauma 24, 1447-1459.
17. Beauchamp, M.H., Ditchfield, M., Maller, J.J., Catroppa, C., Godfrey, C., Rosenfeld, J.V., Kean, M.J., and Anderson, V.A. (2011). Hippocampus, amygdala and global brain changes 10 years after childhood traumatic brain injury. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci 24, 137-143.
18. Belanger, H.G., Vanderploeg, R.D., Curtiss, G., and Warden, D.L. (2007). Recent neuroimaging techniques in mild traumatic brain injury. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 19, 5-20.
19. Bendlin, B.B., Ries, M.L., Lazar, M., Alexander, A.L., Dempsey, R.J., Rowley, H.A., Sherman, J.E., and Johnson, S.C. (2008). Longitudinal changes in patients with traumatic brain injury assessed with diffusion-tensor and volumetric imaging. Neuroimage 42, 503-514.
20. Benson, R.R., Meda, S.A., Vasudevan, S., Kou, Z., Govindarajan, K.A., Hanks, R.A., Millis, S.R., Makki, M., Latif, Z., Coplin, W., Meythaler, J., and Haacke, E.M. (2007). Global white matter analysis of diffusion tensor images is predictive of injury severity in traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 24, 446-459.
21. Benzinger, T.L., Brody, D., Cardin, S., Curley, K.C., Mintun, M.A., Mun, S.K., Wong, K.H., and Wrathall, J.R. (2009). Blastrelated brain injury: Imaging for clinical and research applications: Report of the 2008 St. Louis workshop. J. Neurotrauma 26, 2127-2144.
22. Bergeson, A.G., Lundin, R., Parkinson, R.B., Tate, D.F., Victoroff, J., Hopkins, R.O., and Bigler, E.D. (2004). Clinical rating of cortical atrophy and cognitive correlates following traumatic brain injury. Clin. Neuropsychol. 18, 509-520.
23. Bigler, E.D. (1999). Neuroimaging in pediatric traumatic head injury: Diagnostic considerations and relationships to neurobehavioral outcome. J. Head Trauma Rehabil. 14, 406-423.
24. Bigler, E.D., Abildskov, T.J., Wilde, E.A., McCauley, S.R., Li, X., Merkley, T.L., Fearing, M.A., Newsome, M.R., Scheibel, R.S., Hunter, J.V., Chu, Z., and Levin, H.S. (2010a). Diffuse damage in pediatric traumatic brain injury: A comparison of automated versus operator-controlled quantification methods. Neuroimage 50, 1017-1026.
25. Bigler, E.D., McCauley, S.R., Wu, T.C., Yallampalli, R., Shah, S., MacLeod, M., Chu, Z., Hunter, J.V., Clifton, G.L., Levin, H.S., and Wilde, E.A. (2010b). The temporal stem in traumatic brain injury: Preliminary findings. Brain Imaging Behav. 4, 270-282.
26. Bonte, F.J., Harris, T.S., Hynan, L.S., Bigio, E.H., and White, C.L., 3rd (2006). Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT in the differential diagnosis of the dementias with histopathologic confirmation. Clin. Nucl. Med. 31, 376-378.
27. Brenner, T., Freier, M.C., Holshouser, B.A., Burley, T., and Ashwal, S. (2003). Predicting neuropsychologic outcome after traumatic brain injury in children. Pediatr. Neurol. 28, 104-114.
28. Bullock, R., Zauner, A., Woodward, J.J., Myseros, J., Choi, S.C., Ward, J.D., Marmarou, A., and Young, H.F. (1998). Factors affecting excitatory amino acid release following severe human head injury. J. Neurosurg. 89, 507-518.
29. Buxton, R.B. (2005). Quantifying CBF with arterial spin labeling. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 22, 723-726.
30. Caeyenberghs, K., Leemans, A., Geurts, M., Taymans, T., Linden, C.V., Smits-Engelsman, B.C., Sunaert, S., and Swinnen, S.P. (2010a). Brain-Tehavior relationships in young traumatic brain injury patients: DTI metrics are highly correlated with postural control. Hum. Brain Mapp. 31, 992-1002.
31. Caeyenberghs, K., Leemans, A., Geurts, M., Taymans, T., Vander Linden, C., Smits-Engelsman, B.C., Sunaert, S., and Swinnen, S.P. (2010b). Brain-Tehavior relationships in young traumatic brain injury patients: Fractional anisotropy measures are highly correlated with dynamic visuomotor tracking performance. Neuropsychologia 48, 1472-1482.
32. Calhoun, V.D., Adali, T., Pearlson, G.D., van Zijl, P.C., and Pekar, J.J. (2002). Independent component analysis of fMRI data in the complex domain. Magn. Reson. Med. 48, 180-192.
33. Cazalis, F., Feydy, A., Valabregue, R., Pelegrini-Issac, M., Pierot, L., and Azouvi, P. (2006). fMRI study of problem-solving after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 20, 1019-1028.
34. Chastain, C.A., Oyoyo, U.E., Zipperman, M., Joo, E., Ashwal, S., Shutter, L.A., and Tong, K.A. (2009). Predicting outcomes of traumatic brain injury by imaging modality and injury distribution. J. Neurotrauma 26, 1183-1196.
35. Chen, J.K., Johnston, K.M., Collie, A., McCrory, P., and Ptito, A. (2007). A validation of the post concussion symptom scale in the assessment of complex concussion using cognitive testing and functional MRI. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 78, 1231-1238.
36. Chen, J.K., Johnston, K.M., Frey, S., Petrides, M., Worsley, K., and Ptito, A. (2004). Functional abnormalities in symptomatic concussed athletes: An fMRI study. Neuroimage 22, 68-82.
37. Chen, J.K., Johnston, K.M., Petrides, M., and Ptito, A. (2008). Neural substrates of symptoms of depression following concussion in male athletes with persisting postconcussion symptoms. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 65, 81-89.
38. Chiu Wong, S.B., Chapman, S.B., Cook, L.G., Anand, R., Gamino, J.F., and Devous, M.D., Sr. (2006). A SPECT study of language and brain reorganization three years after pediatric brain injury. Prog. Brain Res. 157, 173-185.
39. Chou, Y.Y., Lepore, N., Saharan, P., Madsen, S.K., Hua, X., Jack, C.R., Shaw, L.M., Trojanowski, J.Q., Weiner, M.W., Toga, A.W., Thompson, P.M., and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroima-ging I. (2010). Ventricular maps in 804 ADNI subjects: Correlations with CSF biomarkers and clinical decline. Neurobiol. Aging 31, 1386-1400.
40. Christodoulou, C., DeLuca, J., Ricker, J.H., Madigan, N.K., Bly, B.M., Lange, G., Kalnin, A.J., Liu, W.C., Steffener, J., Diamond, B.J., and Ni, A.C. (2001). Functional magnetic resonance imaging of working memory impairment after traumatic brain injury. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 71, 161-168.
41. Coles, J.P. (2007). Imaging after brain injury. Br. J. Anaesth. 99, 49-60.
42. Danielsen, E.R., and Henriksen, O. (1994). Absolute quantitative proton NMR spectroscopy based on the amplitude of the local water suppression pulse. Quantification of brain water and metabolites. NMR Biomed. 7, 311-318.
43. Detre, J.A., and Alsop, D.C. (1999). Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging with continuous arterial spin labeling: Methods and clinical applications in the central nervous system. Eur. J. Radiol. 30, 115-124.
44. Ding, K., Marquez de la Plata, C., Wang, J.Y., Mumphrey, M., Moore, C., Harper, C., Madden, C.J., McColl, R., Whittemore, A., Devous, M.D., and Diaz-Arrastia, R. (2008). Cerebral atrophy after traumatic white matter injury: Correlation with acute neuroimaging and outcome. J. Neurotrauma 25, 1433-1440.
45. Dousset, V., Grossman, R.I., Ramer, K.N., Schnall, M.D., Young, L.H., Gonzalez-Scarano, F., Lavi, E., and Cohen, J.A. (1992). Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis: Lesion characterization with magnetization transfer imaging. Radiology 182, 483-491.
46. Duckworth, J.L., and Stevens, R.D. (2010). Imaging brain trauma. Curr. Opin. Crit. Care 11, 92-97.
47. Ducreux, D., Huynh, I., Fillard, P., Renoux, J., Petit-Lacour, M.C., Marsot-Dupuch, K., and Lasjaunias, P. (2005). Brain MR diffusion tensor imaging and fibre tracking to differentiate between two diffuse axonal injuries. Neuroradiology 47, 604-608.
48. Duhaime, A.C., Gean, A.D., Haacke, E.M., Hicks, R., Wintermark, M., Mukherjee, P., Brody, D., Latour, L., Riedy, G., and Common Data Elements Neuroimaging Working Group Members PWGM (2010). Common data elements in radiologic imaging of traumatic brain injury. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 91, 1661-1666.
49. Duhaime, A.C., Holshouser, B., Hunter, J.V., Tong, K. (2011). Common data elements for neuroimaging of traumatic brain injury: Pediatric consideration. J. Neurotrauma (in press).
50. Ewing-Cobbs, L., Prasad, M.R., Swank, P., Kramer, L., Cox, C.S., Jr., Fletcher, J.M., Barnes, M., Zhang, X., and Hasan, K.M. (2008). Arrested development and disrupted callosal microstructure following pediatric traumatic brain injury: Relation to neurobehavioral outcomes. Neuroimage 42, 1305-1315.
51. Fearing, M.A., Bigler, E.D., Wilde, E.A., Johnson, J.L., Hunter, J.V., Xiaoqi, L., Hanten, G., and Levin, H,S. (2008). Morphometric MRI findings in the thalamus and brainstem in children after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. J. Child Neurol. 23, 729-737.
52. 2 reactivity after controlled cortical impact by perfusion magnetic resonance imaging using arterial spin-labeling in rats. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 17, 865-874.
53. 2 reactivity after controlled cortical impact in rats. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 411, 7-12.
54. Frahm, J., Bruhn, H., Gyngell, M.L., Merboldt, K.D., Hanicke, W., and Sauter, R. (1989). Localized proton NMR spectroscopy in different regions of the human brain in vivo. Relaxation times and concentrations of cerebral metabolites. Magn. Reson. Med. 11, 47-63.
55. Friedman, L., and Glover, G.H. (2006). Report on a multicenter fMRI quality assurance protocol. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 23, 827-839.
56. Friedman, L., Stern, H., Brown, G.G., Mathalon, D.H., Turner, J., Glover, G.H., Gollub, R.L., Lauriello, J., Lim, K.O., Cannon, T., Greve, D.N., Bockholt, H.J., Belger, A., Mueller, B., Doty, M.J., He, J., Wells, W., Smyth, P., Pieper, S., Kim, S., Kubicki, M., Vangel, M., and Potkin, S.G. (2008). Test-retest and betweensite reliability in a multicenter fMRI study. Hum. Brain Mapp. 29, 958-972.
57. Fujiwara, E., Schwartz, M.L., Gao, F., Black, S.E., and Levine, B. (2008). Ventral frontal cortex functions and quantified MRI in traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychologia 46, 461-474.
58. Gale, S.D., Baxter, L., Roundy, N., and Johnson, S.C. (2005). Traumatic brain injury and grey matter concentration: A preliminary voxel based morphometry study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 76, 984-988.
59. Gale, S.D., and Prigatano, G.P. (2010). Deep white matter volume loss and social reintegration after traumatic brain injury in children. J. Head Trauma Rehabil. 25, 15-22.
60. Gallagher, C.N., Hutchinson, P.J., and Pickard, J.D. (2007). Neuroimaging in trauma. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 20, 403-409.
61. Garnett, M.R., Blamire, A.M., Corkill, R.G., Cadoux-Hudson, T.A., Rajagopalan, B., and Styles, P. (2000). Early proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in normal-Appearing brain correlates with outcome in patients following traumatic brain injury. Brain 123, 2046-2054.
62. Garnett, M.R., Corkill, R.G., Blamire, A.M., Rajagopalan, B., Manners, D.N., Young, J.D., Styles, P., and Cadoux-Hudson, T.A. (2001). Altered cellular metabolism following traumatic brain injury: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J. Neurotrauma 18, 231-240.
63. Gasparovic, C., Yeo, R., Mannell, M., Ling, J., Elgie, R., Phillips, J., Doezema, D., and Mayer, A.R. (2009). Neurometabolite concentrations in gray and white matter in mild traumatic brain injury: An 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J. Neurotrauma 26, 1635-1643.
64. Gerber, D.J., Weintraub, A.H., Cusick, C.P., Ricci, P.E., and Whiteneck, G.G. (2004). Magnetic resonance imaging of traumatic brain injury: Relationship of T2SE and T2GE to clinical severity and outcome. Brain Inj. 18, 1083-1097.
65. Govind, V., Gold, S., Kaliannan, K., Saigal, G., Falcone, S., Arheart, K.L., Harris, L., Jagid, J., and Maudsley, A.A. (2010). Whole-Train proton MR spectroscopic imaging of mildto-moderate traumatic brain injury and correlation with neuropsychological deficits. J. Neurotrauma 27, 483-496.
66. Groen, W.B., Buitelaar, J.K., van der Gaag, R.J., and Zwiers, M.P. (2010). Pervasive microstructural abnormalities in autism: A DTI study. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 36, 32-40.
67. Haacke, E.M., Duhaime, A.C., Gean, A.D., Riedy, G., Wintermark, M., Mukherjee, P., Brody, D.L., DeGraba, T., Duncan, T.D., Elovic, E., Hurley, R., Latour, L., Smirniotopoulos, J.G., and Smith, D.H. (2010). Common data elements in radiologic imaging of traumatic brain injury. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 32, 516-543.
68. Haacke, E.M., Xu, Y., Cheng, Y.C., and Reichenbach, J.R. (2004). Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Magn. Reson. Med. 52, 612-618.
69. Hattingen, E., Raab, P., Franz, K., Lanfermann, H., Setzer, M., Gerlach, R., Zanella, F.E., and Pilatus, U. (2008). Prognostic value of choline and creatine in WHO grade II gliomas. Neuroradiology 50, 759-767.
70. Hattori, N., Huang, S.C., Wu, H.M., Liao, W., Glenn, T.C., Vespa, P.M., Phelps, M.E., Hovda, D.A., and Bergsneider, M. (2004). Acute changes in regional cerebral (18)F-FDG kinetics in patients with traumatic brain injury. J. Nucl. Med. 45, 775-783.
71. Hattori, N., Huang, S.C., Wu, H.M., Yeh, E., Glenn, T.C., Vespa, P.M., McArthur, D., Phelps, M.E., Hovda, D.A., and Bergsneider, M. (2003). Correlation of regional metabolic rates of glucose with glasgow coma scale after traumatic brain injury. J. Nucl. Med. 44, 1709-1716.
72. Hendrich, K.S., Kochanek, P.M., Williams, D.S., Schiding, J.K., Marion, D.W., and Ho, C. (1999). Early perfusion after controlled cortical impact in rats: Quantification by arterial spinlabeled MRI and the influence of spin-lattice relaxation time heterogeneity. Magn. Reson. Med. 42, 673-681.
73. Hillary, F.G., Steffener, J., Biswal, B.B., Lange, G., DeLuca, J., and Ashburner, J. (2002). Functional magnetic resonance imaging technology and traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: Guidelines for methodological and conceptual pitfalls. J. Head Trauma Rehabil. 17, 411-430.
74. Himanen, L., Portin, R., Isoniemi, H., Helenius, H., Kurki, T., and Tenovuo, O. (2005). Cognitive functions in relation to MRI findings 30 years after traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 19, 93-100.
75. Holshouser, B.A., Ashwal, S., Luh, G.Y., Shu, S., Kahlon, S., Auld, K.L., Tomasi, L.G., Perkin, R.M., and Hinshaw, D.B., Jr. (1997). Proton MR spectroscopy after acute central nervous system injury: Putcome prediction in neonates, infants, and children. Radiology 202, 487-496.
76. Holshouser, B.A., Tong, K.A., and Ashwal, S. (2005). Proton MR spectroscopic imaging depicts diffuse axonal injury in children with traumatic brain injury. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 26, 1276-1285.
77. Hua, X., Hibar, D.P., Lee, S., Toga, A.W., Jack, C.R., Jr., Weiner, M.W., Thompson, P.M., and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging I. (2010). Sex and age differences in atrophic rates: An ADNI study with n = 1368 MRI scans. Neurobiol. Aging 31, 1463-1480.
78. Huang, M.X., Theilmann, R.J., Robb, A., Angeles, A., Nichols, S., Drake, A., D'Andrea, J., Levy, M., Holland, M., Song, T., Ge, S., Hwang, E., Yoo, K., Cui, L., Baker, D.G., Trauner, D., Coimbra, R., and Lee, R.R. (2009). Integrated imaging approach with MEG and DTI to detect mild traumatic brain injury in military and civilian patients. J. Neurotrauma 26, 1213-1226.
79. Huisman, T.A., Schwamm, L.H., Schaefer, P.W., Koroshetz, W.J., Shetty-Alva, N., Ozsunar, Y., Wu, O., and Sorensen, A.G. (2004). Diffusion tensor imaging as potential biomarker of white matter injury in diffuse axonal injury. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 25, 370-376.
80. Hunter, J.V., Thornton, R.J., Wang, Z.J., Levin, H.S., Roberson, G., Brooks, W.M., and Swank, P.R. (2005). Late proton MR spectroscopy in children after traumatic brain injury: Correlation with cognitive outcomes. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 26, 482-488.
81. Huppi, P.S., Posse, S., Lazeyras, F., Burri, R., Bossi, E., and Herschkowitz, N. (1991). Magnetic resonance in preterm and term newborns: 1H-spectroscopy in developing human brain. Pediatr. Res. 30, 574-578.
82. Hutchinson, E., Pulsipher, D., Dabbs, K., Myers y Gutierrez, A., Sheth, R., Jones, J., Seidenberg, M., Meyerand, E., and Hermann, B. (2010). Children with new-onset epilepsy exhibit diffusion abnormalities in cerebral white matter in the absence of volumetric differences. Epilepsy Res. 88, 208-214.
83. Inglese, M., Li, B.S., Rusinek, H., Babb, J.S., Grossman, R.I., and Gonen, O. (2003). Diffusely elevated cerebral choline and creatine in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Magn. Reson. Med. 50, 190-195.
84. James, G.A., Kelley, M.E., Craddock, R.C., Holtzheimer, P.E., Dunlop, B.W., Nemeroff, C.B., Mayberg, H.S., and Hu, X.P. (2009). Exploratory structural equation modeling of restingstate fMRI: Applicability of group models to individual subjects. Neuroimage 45, 778-787.
85. Jantzen, K.J., Anderson, B., Steinberg, F.L., and Kelso, J.A. (2004). A prospective functional MR imaging study of mild traumatic brain injury in college football players. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 25, 738-745.
86. Kato, T., Nakayama, N., Yasokawa, Y., Okumura, A., Shinoda, J., and Iwama, T. (2007). Statistical image analysis of cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with cognitive impairment following diffuse traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 24, 919-926.
87. Kaushik, S.S., Cleveland, Z.I., Cofer, G.P., Metz, G., Beaver, D., Nouls, J., Kraft, M., Auffermann, W., Wolber, J., McAdams, H.P., and Driehuys, B. (2010). Diffusion-weighted hyperpolarized (129)Xe MRI in healthy volunteers and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Magn. Reson. Med 65, 1154-1165.
88. Kim, J., Whyte, J., Patel, S., Avants, B., Europa, E., Wang, J., Slattery, J., Gee, J.C., Coslett, H.B., and Detre, J.A. (2010). Resting cerebral blood flow alterations in chronic traumatic brain injury: An arterial spin labeling perfusion FMRI study. J. Neurotrauma 27, 1399-1411.
89. Kim, Y.H., Yoo, W.K., Ko, M.H., Park, C.H., Kim, S.T. and Na, D.L. (2009). Plasticity of the attentional network after brain injury and cognitive rehabilitation. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 23, 468-477.
90. Kimura, H., Meaney, D.F., McGowan, J.C., Grossman, R.I., Lenkinski, R.E., Ross, D.T., McIntosh, T.K., Gennarelli, T.A., and Smith, D.H. (1996). Magnetization transfer imaging of diffuse axonal injury following experimental brain injury in the pig: Characterization by magnetization transfer ratio with histopathologic correlation. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 20, 540-546.
91. Kochanek, P.M., Hendrich, K.S., Dixon, C.E., Schiding, J.K., Williams, D.S., and Ho, C. (2002). Cerebral blood flow at one year after controlled cortical impact in rats: Assessment by magnetic resonance imaging. J. Neurotrauma 19, 1029-1037.
92. Kochanek, P.M., Hendrich, K.S., Jackson, E.K., Wisniewski, S.R., Melick, J.A., Shore, P.M., Janesko, K.L., Zacharia, L., and Ho, C. (2005). Characterization of the effects of adenosine receptor agonists on cerebral blood flow in uninjured and traumatically injured rat brain using continuous arterial spin-labeled magnetic resonance imaging. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 25, 1596-1612.
93. Korn, A., Golan, H., Melamed, I., Pascual-Marqui, R., and Friedman, A. (2005). Focal cortical dysfunction and blood-Train barrier disruption in patients with Postconcussion syndrome. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 22, 1-9.
94. Kou, Z., Wu, Z., Tong, K.A., Holshouser, B., Benson, R.R., Hu, J., and Haacke, E.M. (2010). The role of advanced MR imaging findings as biomarkers of traumatic brain injury. J. Head Trauma Rehabil. 25, 267-282.
95. Kraus, M.F., Susmaras, T., Caughlin, B.P., Walker, C.J., Sweeney, J.A., and Little, D.M. (2007). White matter integrity and cog-nition in chronic traumatic brain injury: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Brain 130, 2508-2519.
96. Kreis, R., Ernst, T., and Ross, B. (1993). Absolute quantitation of water and metabolites in the human brain. II. Metabolite concentrations. J. Magn. Reson. 102, 9-19.
97. Kumar, R., Gupta, R.K., Rao, S.B., Chawla, S., Husain, M., and Rathore, R.K. (2003). Magnetization transfer and T2 quantitation in normal appearing cortical gray matter and white matter adjacent to focal abnormality in patients with traumatic brain injury. Magn. Reson. Imaging 21, 893-899.
98. Kumar, R., Husain, M., Gupta, R.K., Hasan, K.M., Haris, M., Agarwal, A.K., Pandey, C.M., and Narayana, P.A. (2009). Serial changes in the white matter diffusion tensor imaging metrics in moderate traumatic brain injury and correlation with neuro-cognitive function. J. Neurotrauma 26, 481-495.
99. Laatsch, L., Little, D., and Thulborn, K. (2004a). Changes in fMRI following cognitive rehabilitation in severe traumatic brain injury: A case study. Rehabil. Psychol. 49, 262-267.
100. Laatsch, L.K., Thulborn, K.R., Krisky, C.M., Shobat, D.M., and Sweeney, J.A. (2004b). Investigating the neurobiological basis of cognitive rehabilitation therapy with fMRI. Brain Inj. 18, 957-974.
101. Levin, H.S., Wilde, E.A., Chu, Z., Yallampalli, R., Hanten, G.R., Li, X., Chia, J., Vasquez, A.C., and Hunter, J.V. (2008). Diffusion tensor imaging in relation to cognitive and functional outcome of traumatic brain injury in children. J. Head Trauma Rehabil. 23, 197-208.
102. Levine, B., Kovacevic, N., Nica, E.I., Cheung, G., Gao, F., Schwartz, M.L., and Black, S.E. (2008). The Toronto traumatic brain injury study: Injury severity and quantified MRI. Neurology 70, 771-778.
103. Lewine, J.D., Davis, J.T., Bigler, E.D., Thoma, R., Hill, D., Funke, M., Sloan, J.H., Hall, S., and Orrison, W.W. (2007). Objective documentation of traumatic brain injury subsequent to mild head trauma: Multimodal brain imaging with MEG, SPECT, and MRI. J. Head Trauma Rehabil. 22, 141-155.
104. Lewine, J.D., Davis, J.T., Sloan, J.H., Kodituwakku, P.W., and Orrison, W.W., Jr. (1999). Neuromagnetic assessment of pathophysiologic brain activity induced by minor head trauma. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 20, 857-866.
105. Lipton, M.L., Gellella, E., Lo, C., Gold, T., Ardekani, B.A., Shifteh, K., Bello, J.A., and Branch, C.A. (2008). Multifocal white matter ultrastructural abnormalities in mild traumatic brain injury with cognitive disability: A voxel-wise analysis of diffusion tensor imaging. J. Neurotrauma 25, 1335-1342.
106. Lovell, M.R., Pardini, J.E., Welling, J., Collins, M.W., Bakal, J., Lazar, N., Roush, R., Eddy, W.F., and Becker, J.T. (2007). Functional brain abnormalities are related to clinical recovery and time to return-to-play in athletes. Neurosurgery 61, 352-359; discussion 359-360.
107. Makoroff, K.L., Cecil, K.M., Care, M., and Ball, W.S., Jr. (2005). Elevated lactate as an early marker of brain injury in inflicted traumatic brain injury. Pediatr. Radiol. 35, 668-676.
108. Mamere, A.E., Saraiva, L.A., Matos, A.L., Carneiro, A.A., and Santos, A.C. (2009). Evaluation of delayed neuronal and axonal damage secondary to moderate and severe traumatic brain injury using quantitative MR imaging techniques. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 30, 947-952.
109. Marquez de la Plata, C.D., Garces, J., Shokri Kojori, E., Grinnan, J., Krishnan, K., Pidikiti, R., Spence, J., Devous, M.D., Sr., Moore, C., McColl, R., Madden, C., and Diaz-Arrastia, R. (2011). Deficits in functional connectivity of hippocampal and frontal lobe circuits after traumatic axonal injury. Arch. Neurol. 68, 74-84.
110. Maruishi, M., Miyatani, M., Nakao, T., and Muranaka, H. (2007). Compensatory cortical activation during performance of an attention task by patients with diffuse axonal injury: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 78, 168-173.
111. Maudsley, A.A., Darkazanli, A., Alger, J.R., Hall, L.O., Schuff, N., Studholme, C., Yu, Y., Ebel, A., Frew, A., Goldgof, D., Gu, Y., Pagare, R., Rousseau, F., Sivasankaran, K., Soher, B.J., Weber, P., Young, K., and Zhu, X. (2006). Comprehensive processing, display and analysis for in vivo MR spectroscopic imaging. NMR Biomed. 19, 492-503.
112. Mayer, A.R., Ling, J., Mannell, M.V., Gasparovic, C., Phillips, J.P., Doezema, D., Reichard, R., and Yeo, R.A. (2010). A prospective diffusion tensor imaging study in mild traumatic brain injury. Neurology 74, 643-650.
113. Mayer, A.R., Mannell, M.V., Ling, J., Gasparovic, C. and Yeo, R.A. (2011). Functional connectivity in mild traumatic brain injury. Hum. Brain Mapp. (Epub ahead of print.)
114. McAllister, T.W., Saykin, A.J., Flashman, L.A., Sparling, M.B., Johnson, S.C., Guerin, S.J., Mamourian, A.C., Weaver, J.B., and Yanofsky, N. (1999). Brain activation during working memory 1 month after mild traumatic brain injury: A functional MRI study. Neurology 53, 1300-1308.
115. McAllister, T.W., Sparling, M.B., Flashman, L.A., Guerin, S.J., Mamourian, A.C., and Saykin, A.J. (2001). Differential working memory load effects after mild traumatic brain injury. Neuroimage 14, 1004-1012.
116. McCauley, S.R., Wilde, E.A., Bigler, E.D., Chu, Z., Yallampalli, R., Oni, M.B., Wu, T., Ramos, M.A., Pedroza, C., Vasquez, A.C., Hunter, J.V., and Levin, H. (2011). Diffusion tensor imaging of incentive effects in prospective memory after pediatric traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 28, 503-516.
117. McGowan, J.C., Yang, J.H., Plotkin, R.C., Grossman, R.I., Umile, E.M., Cecil, K.M., and Bagley, L.J. (2000). Magnetization transfer imaging in the detection of injury associated with mild head trauma. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 21, 875-880.
118. McLean, M.A., Woermann, F.G., Barker, G.J., and Duncan, J.S. (2000). Quantitative analysis of short echo time (1)H-MRSI of cerebral gray and white matter. Magn. Reson. Med. 44, 401-411.
119. Merkley, T.L., Bigler, E.D., Wilde, E.A., McCauley, S.R., Hunter, J.V., and Levin, H.S. (2008). Diffuse changes in cortical thickness in pediatric moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma. 25 1343-1345.
120. Metting, Z., Rodiger, L.A., de Jong, B.M., Stewart, R.E., Kremer, B.P., and van der Naalt, J. (2010). Acute cerebral perfusion CT abnormalities associated with posttraumatic amnesia in mild head injury. J. Neurotrauma 27, 2183-2189.
121. Miles, L., Grossman, R.I., Johnson, G., Babb, J.S., Diller, L., and Inglese, M. (2008). Short-term DTI predictors of cognitive dysfunction in mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 22, 115-122.
122. Mueller, S.G., Weiner, M.W., Thal, L.J., Petersen, R.C., Jack, C.R., Jagust, W., Trojanowski, J.Q., Toga, A.W., and Beckett, L. (2005). Ways toward an early diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease: The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Alzheimers Dement. 1, 55-66.
123. Munoz Maniega, S., Cvoro, V., Armitage, P.A., Marshall, I., Bastin, M.E., and Wardlaw, J.M. (2008). Choline and creatine are not reliable denominators for calculating metabolite ratios in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 39, 2467-2469.
124. Newcombe, V.F., Williams, G.B., Nortje, J., Bradley, P.G., Chatfield, D.A., Outtrim, J.G., Harding, S.G., Coles, J.P., Maiya, B., Gillard, J.H., Hutchinson, P.J., Pickard, J.D., Carpenter, T.A., and Menon, D.K. (2008). Concordant biology underlies discordant imaging findings: Diffusivity behaves differently in grey and white matter post acute neurotrauma. Acta Neurochirurg. 102, 247-251.
125. Newcombe, V.F., Williams, G.B., Nortje, J., Bradley, P.G., Harding, S.G., Smielewski, P., Coles, J.P., Maiya, B., Gillard, J.H., Hutchinson, P.J., Pickard, J.D., Carpenter, T.A., and Menon, D.K. (2007). Analysis of acute traumatic axonal injury using diffusion tensor imaging. Br. J. Neurosurg. 21, 340-348.
126. Newsome, M.R., Scheibel, R.S., Hunter, J.V., Wang, Z.J., Chu, Z., Li, X., and Levin, H.S. (2007a). Brain activation during working memory after traumatic brain injury in children. Neurocase 13, 16-24.
127. Newsome, M.R., Scheibel, R.S., Steinberg, J.L., Troyanskaya, M., Sharma, R.G., Rauch, R.A., Li, X. and Levin, H.S. (2007b). Working memory brain activation following severe traumatic brain injury. Cortex 43, 95-111.
128. Niogi, S.N., Mukherjee, P., Ghajar, J., Johnson, C., Kolster, R.A., Sarkar, R., Lee, H., Meeker, M., Zimmerman, R.D., Manley, G.T., and McCandliss, B.D. (2008). Extent of microstructural white matter injury in postconcussive syndrome correlates with impaired cognitive reaction time: A 3T diffusion tensor imaging study of mild traumatic brain injury. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 29, 967-973.
129. Pagani, E., Bizzi, A., Di Salle, F., De Stefano, N., and Filippi, M. (2008). Basic concepts of advanced MRI techniques. J. Neurol. Sci. 29, Suppl. 3, 290-295.
130. Panigrahy, A., Nelson, M.D., Jr., and Bluml, S. (2010). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in pediatric neuroradiology: Clinical and research applications. Pediatr. Radiol. 40, 3-30.
131. Perlbarg, V., Puybasset, L., Tollard, E., Lehericy, S., Benali, H., and Galanaud, D. (2009). Relation between brain lesion location and clinical outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: A diffusion tensor imaging study using voxelbased approaches. Hum. Brain Mapp. 30, 3924-3933.
132. Perlstein, W.M., Cole, M.A., Demery, J.A., Seignourel, P.J., Dixit, N.K., Larson, M.J., and Briggs, R.W. (2004). Parametric manipulation of working memory load in traumatic brain injury: Behavioral and neural correlates. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 10, 724-741.
133. Pouwels, P.J., Brockmann, K., Kruse, B., Wilken, B., Wick, M., Hanefeld, F., and Frahm, J. (1999). Regional age dependence of human brain metabolites from infancy to adulthood as detected by quantitative localized proton MRS. Pediatr. Res. 46, 474-485.
134. Provencher, S.W. (1993). Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra. Magn. Reson. Med. 30, 672-679.
135. Rademacher, J., Engelbrecht, V., Burgel, U., Freund, H., and Zilles, K. (1999). Measuring in vivo myelination of human white matter fiber tracts with magnetization transfer MR. Neuroimage 9, 393-406.
136. Rasmussen, I.A., Xu, J., Antonsen, I.K., Brunner, J., Skandsen, T., Axelson, D.E., Berntsen, E.M., Lydersen, S., and Haberg, A. (2008). Simple dual tasking recruits prefrontal cortices in chronic severe traumatic brain injury patients, but not in controls. J. Neurotrauma 25, 1057-1070.
137. Reichenbach, J.R., Venkatesan, R., Schillinger, D.J., Kido, D.K., and Haacke, E.M. (1997). Small vessels in the human brain: MR venography with deoxyhemoglobin as an intrinsic contrast agent. Radiology 204, 272-277.
138. Risacher, S.L., Shen, L., West, J.D., Kim, S., McDonald, B.C., Beckett, L.A., Harvey, D.J., Jack, C.R., Jr., Weiner, M.W., Saykin, A.J., and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging I. (2010). Longitudinal MRI atrophy biomarkers: Relationship to conversion in the ADNI cohort. Neurobiol. Aging 31, 1401-1418.
139. Robertson, C.L., Hendrich, K.S., Kochanek, P.M., Jackson, E.K., Melick, J.A., Graham, S.H., Marion, D.W., Williams, D.S., and Ho, C. (2000). Assessment of 2-chloroadenosine treatment after experimental traumatic brain injury in the rat using arterial spin-labeled MRI: A preliminary report. Acta Neurochirurg. 76, 187-189.
140. Rocca, M.A., Falini, A., Colombo, B., Scotti, G., Comi, G., and Filippi, M. (2002). Adaptive functional changes in the cerebral cortex of patients with nondisabling multiple sclerosis correlate with the extent of brain structural damage. Ann. Neurol. 51, 330-339.
141. Ross, B.D., Ernst, T., Kreis, R., Haseler, L.J., Bayer, S., Danielsen, E., Bluml, S., Shonk, T., Mandigo, J.C., Caton, W., Clark, C., Jensen, S.W., Lehman, N.L., Arcinue, E., Pudenz, R., and Shelden, C.H. (1998). 1H MRS in acute traumatic brain injury. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 8, 829-840.
142. Salmond, C.H., Menon, D.K., Chatfield, D.A., Williams, G.B., Pena, A., Sahakian, B.J., and Pickard, J.D. (2006). Diffusion tensor imaging in chronic head injury survivors: Correlations with learning and memory indices. Neuroimage 29, 117-124.
143. Scheibel, R.S., Newsome, M.R., Steinberg, J.L., Pearson, D.A., Rauch, R.A., Mao, H., Troyanskaya, M., Sharma, R.G., and Levin, H.S. (2007). Altered brain activation during cognitive control in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 21, 36-45.
144. Scheibel, R.S., Pearson, D.A., Faria, L.P., Kotrla, K.J., Aylward, E., Bachevalier, J., and Levin, H.S. (2003). An fMRI study of executive functioning after severe diffuse TBI. Brain Inj. 17, 919-930.
145. Scheid, R., Preul, C., Gruber, O., Wiggins, C., and von Cramon, D.Y. (2003). Diffuse axonal injury associated with chronic traumatic brain injury, evidence from T2-weighted gradient-echo imaging at 3 T. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 24, 1049-1056.
146. Schmitz, T.W., Rowley, H.A., Kawahara, T.N., and Johnson, S.C. (2006). Neural correlates of self-evaluative accuracy after traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychologia 44, 762-773.
147. Schonberger, M., Ponsford, J., Reutens, D., Beare, R., and O'Sullivan, R. (2009). The Relationship between age, injury severity, and MRI findings after traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 26, 2157-2167.
148. Schuff, N., Ezekiel, F., Gamst, A.C., Amend, D.L., Capizzano, A.A., Maudsley, A.A., and Weiner, M.W. (2001). Region and tissue differences of metabolites in normally aged brain using multislice 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 45, 899-907.
149. Sehgal, V., Delproposto, Z., Haacke, E.M., Tong, K.A., Wycliffe, N., Kido, D.K., Xu, Y., Neelavalli, J., Haddar, D., and Reichenbach, J.R. (2005). Clinical applications of neuroimaging with susceptibility-weighted imaging. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 22, 439-450.
150. Serra-Grabulosa, J.M., Junque, C., Verger, K., Salgado-Pineda, P., Maneru, C., and Mercader, J.M. (2005). Cerebral correlates of declarative memory dysfunctions in early traumatic brain injury. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 76, 129-131.
151. Sherer, M., Stouter, J., Hart, T., Nakase-Richardson, R., Olivier, J., Manning, E., and Yablon, S.A. (2006). Computed tomography findings and early cognitive outcome after traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 20, 997-1005.
152. Sidaros, A., Engberg, A.W., Sidaros, K., Liptrot, M.G, Herning, M., Petersen, P., Paulson, O.B., Jernigan, T.L., and Rostrup, E. (2008). Diffusion tensor imaging during recovery from severe traumatic brain injury and relation to clinical outcome: A longitudinal study. Brain 131, 559-572.
153. Sidaros, A., Skimminge, A., Liptrot, M.G., Sidaros, K., Engberg, A.W., Herning, M., Paulson, O.B., Jernigan, T.L., and Rostrup, E. (2009). Long-term global and regional brain volume changes following severe traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal study with clinical correlates. Neuroimage 44, 1-8.
154. Sigmund, G.A., Tong, K.A., Nickerson, J.P., Wall, C.J., Oyoyo, U., and Ashwal, S. (2007). Multimodality comparison of neuroimaging in pediatric traumatic brain injury. Pediatr. Neurol. 36, 217-226.
155. Simmons, A., Westman, E., Muehlboeck, S., Mecocci, P., Vellas, B., Tsolaki, M., Kloszewska, I., Wahlund, L.O., Soininen, H., Lovestone, S., Evans, A., and Spenger, C. (2011). The AddNeuroMed framework for multi-centre MRI assessment of Alzheimer's disease: Experience from the first 24 months. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 26, 75-82.
156. Sinson, G., Bagley, L.J., Cecil, K.M., Torchia, M., McGowan, J.C., Lenkinski, R.E., McIntosh, T.K., and Grossman, R.I. (2001). Magnetization transfer imaging and proton MR spectroscopy in the evaluation of axonal injury: Correlation with clinical outcome after traumatic brain injury. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 22, 143-151.
157. Soeda, A., Nakashima, T., Okumura, A., Kuwata, K., Shinoda, J., and Iwama, T. (2005). Cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study using the Stroop task. Neuroradiology 47, 501-506.
158. Soustiel, J.F., Mahamid, E., Goldsher, D., and Zaaroor, M. (2008). Perfusion-CT for early assessment of traumatic cerebral contusions. Neuroradiology 50, 189-196.
159. Spanos, G.K., Wilde, E.A., Bigler, E.D., Cleavinger, H.B., Fearing, M.A., Levin, H.S., Li, X., and Hunter, J.V. (2007). Cerebellar atrophy after moderate-to-severe pediatric traumatic brain injury. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 28, 537-542.
160. Strangman, G.E., O'Neil-Pirozzi, T.M., Goldstein, R., Kelkar, K., Katz, D.I., Burke, D., Rauch, S.L., Savage, C.R., and Glenn, M.B. (2008). Prediction of memory rehabilitation outcomes in traumatic brain injury by using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 89, 974-981.
161. Strangman, G.E., O'Neil-Pirozzi, T.M., Supelana, C., Goldstein, R., Katz, D.I., and Glenn, M.B. (2010). Regional brain morphometry predicts memory rehabilitation outcome after traumatic brain injury. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 4, 182.
162. Strangman, G.M., O'Neil-Pirozzi, T.M., Burke, D., Cristina, D., Goldstein, R., Rauch, S.L., Savage, C.R., and Glenn, M.B. (2005). Functional neuroimaging and cognitive rehabilitation for people with traumatic brain injury. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 84, 62-75.
163. Suskauer, S.J., and Huisman, T.A. (2009). Neuroimaging in pediatric traumatic brain injury: Current and future predictors of functional outcome. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 15, 117-123.
164. Tang, L., Ge, Y., Sodickson, D.K., Miles, L., Zhou, Y., Reaume, J., and Grossman, R.I. (2011). Thalamic resting-state functional networks: Disruption in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Radiology 260, 831-840.
165. Thurmond, V.A., Hicks, R., Gleason, T., Miller, A.C., Szuflita, N., Orman, J., and Schwab, K. (2010). Advancing integrated research in psychological health and traumatic brain injury: Common data elements. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 91, 1633-1636.
166. Tomaiuolo, F., Carlesimo, G.A., Di Paola, M., Petrides, M., Fera, F., Bonanni, R., Formisano, R., Pasqualetti, P., and Caltagirone, C. (2004). Gross morphology and morphometric sequelae in the hippocampus, fornix, and corpus callosum of patients with severe non-missile traumatic brain injury without macroscopically detectable lesions: A T1 weighted MRI study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 75, 1314-1322.
167. Tomkins, O., Feintuch, A., Benifla, M., Cohen, A., Friedman, A., and Shelef, I. (2011). Blood-Train barrier breakdown following traumatic brain injury: A possible role in posttraumatic epilepsy. Cardiovasc. Psychiatry Neurol. (Epub ahead of print.)
168. Tong, K.A., Ashwal, S., Holshouser, B.A., Nickerson, J.P., Wall, C.J., Shutter, L.A., Osterdock, R.J., Haacke, E.M., and Kido, D. (2004). Diffuse axonal injury in children: Clinical correlation with hemorrhagic lesions. Ann. Neurol. 56, 36-50.
169. Tong, K.A., Ashwal, S., Holshouser, B.A., Shutter, L.A., Herigault, G., Haacke, E.M., and Kido, D.K. (2003). Hemorrhagic shearing lesions in children and adolescents with posttraumatic diffuse axonal injury: Improved detection and initial results. Radiology 227, 332-339.
170. Trivedi, M.A., Ward, M.A., Hess, T.M., Gale, S.D., Dempsey, R.J., Rowley, H.A., and Johnson, S.C. (2007). Longitudinal changes in global brain volume between 79 and 409 days after traumatic brain injury: Relationship with duration of coma. J. Neurotrauma 24, 766-771.
171. Tshibanda, L., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Galanaud, D., Boly, M., Laureys, S., and Puybasset, L. (2009). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging in coma survivors: Promises and pitfalls. Prog. Brain Res. 177, 215-229.
172. Van Boven, R., Harrington, G., Hackney, D., Ebel, A., Gauger, G., Bremner, J., D'Esposito, M., Detre, J., Haacke, E., Jack, C., Jr., Jagust, W., Le Bihan, D., Mathis, C., Mueller, S., Mukherjee, P., Schuff, N., Chen, A., and Weiner, M. (2009). Advances in neuroimaging of traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder. J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 46, 717-757.
173. Vannorsdall, T.D., Cascella, N.G., Rao, V., Pearlson, G.D., Gordon, B., and Schretlen, D.J. (2010). A morphometric analysis of neuroanatomic abnormalities in traumatic brain injury. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosc. 22, 173-181.
174. Warner, M.A., Marquez de la Plata, C., Spence, J., Wang, J.Y., Harper, C., Moore, C., Devous, M., and Diaz-Arrastia, R. (2010a). Assessing spatial relationships between axonal integrity, regional brain volumes, and neuropsychological outcomes after traumatic axonal injury. J. Neurotrauma 27, 2121-2130.
175. Warner, M.A., Youn, T.S., Davis, T., Chandra, A., Marquez de la Plata, C., Moore, C., Harper, C., Madden, C.J., Spence, J., McColl, R., Devous, M., King, R.D., and Diaz-Arrastia, R. (2010b). Regionally selective atrophy after traumatic axonal injury. Arch. Neurol. 67, 1336-1344.
176. Weisskoff, R.M. (1996). Simple measurement of scanner stability for functional NMR imaging of activation in the brain. Magn. Reson. Med. 36, 643-645.
177. Wilde, E.A., Bigler, E.D., Gandhi, P.V., Lowry, C.M., Blatter, D.D., Brooks, J., and Ryser, D.K. (2004). Alcohol abuse and traumatic brain injury: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological outcome. J. Neurotrauma 21, 137-147.
178. Wilde, E.A., Bigler, E.D., Hunter, J.V., Fearing, M.A., Scheibel, R.S., Newsome, M.R., Johnson, J.L., Bachevalier, J., Li, X., and Levin, H.S. (2007). Hippocampus, amygdala, and basal ganglia morphometrics in children after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 49, 294-299.
179. Wilde, E.A., Bigler, E.D., Pedroza, C., and Ryser, D.K. (2006a). Post-traumatic amnesia predicts long-term cerebral atrophy in traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 20, 695-699.
180. Wilde, E.A., Chu, Z., Bigler, E.D., Hunter, J.V., Fearing, M.A., Hanten, G., Newsome, M.R., Scheibel, R.S., Li, X., and Levin, H.S. (2006b). Diffusion tensor imaging in the corpus callosum in children after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 23, 1412-1426.
181. Wilde, E.A., Hunter, J.V., Newsome, M.R., Scheibel, R.S., Bigler, E.D., Johnson, J.L., Fearing, M.A., Cleavinger, H.B., Li, X., Swank, P.R., Pedroza, C., Roberson, G.S., Bachevalier, J., and Levin, H.S. (2005). Frontal and temporal morphometric findings on MRI in children after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 22, 333-344.
182. Wilde, E.A., McCauley, S.R., Hunter, J.V., Bigler, E.D., Chu, Z., Wang, Z.J., Hanten, G.R., Troyanskaya, M., Yallampalli, R., Li, X., Chia, J., and Levin, H.S. (2008). Diffusion tensor imaging of acute mild traumatic brain injury in adolescents. Neurology 70, 948-955.
183. Wilde, E.A., Ramos, M.A., Yallampalli, R., Bigler, E.D., McCauley, S.R., Chu, Z., Wu, T.C., Hanten, G., Scheibel, R.S., Li, X., Vasquez, A.C., Hunter, J.V., and Levin, H.S. (2010). Diffusion tensor imaging of the cingulum bundle in children after traumatic brain injury. Dev. Neuropsychol. 35, 333-351.
184. Wintermark, M., Chiolero, R., van Melle, G., Revelly, J.P., Porchet, F., Regli, L., Meuli, R., Schnyder, P., and Maeder, P. (2004a). Relationship between brain perfusion computed tomography variables and cerebral perfusion pressure in severe head trauma patients. Crit. Care Med. 32, 1579-1587.
185. Wintermark, M., Sesay, M., Barbier, E., Borbely, K., Dillon, W.P., Eastwood, J.D., Glenn, T.C., Grandin, C.B., Pedraza, S., Soustiel, J.F., Nariai, T., Zaharchuk, G., Caille, J.M., Dousset, V., and Yonas, H. (2005). Comparative overview of brain perfusion imaging techniques. Stroke 36, e83-99.
186. Wintermark, M., van Melle, G., Schnyder, P., Revelly, J.P., Porchet, F., Regli, L., Meuli, R., Maeder, P., and Chiolero, R. (2004b). Admission perfusion CT, prognostic value in patients with severe head trauma. Radiology 232, 211-220.
187. Wolff, S.D., and Balaban, R.S. (1989). Magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and tissue water proton relaxation in vivo. Magn. Reson. Med. 10, 135-144.
188. Wong, E.C., Cronin, M., Wu, W.C., Inglis, B., Frank, L.R., and Liu, T.T. (2006). Velocity-selective arterial spin labeling. Magn. Reson. Med. 55, 1334-1341.
189. Wozniak, J.R., Krach, L., Ward, E., Mueller, B.A., Muetzel, R., Schnoebelen, S., Kiragu, A., and Lim, K.O. (2007). Neurocognitive and neuroimaging correlates of pediatric traumatic brain injury: A diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study. Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. 22, 555-568.
190. Wu, T.C., Wilde, E.A., Bigler, E.D., Li, X., Merkley, T.L., Yallampalli, R., McCauley, S.R., Schnelle, K.P., Vasquez, A.C., Chu, Z., Hanten, G., Hunter, J.V., and Levin, H.S. (2010a). Longitudinal changes in the corpus callosum following pediatric traumatic brain injury. Dev. Neurosci. 32, 361-373.
191. Wu, Z., Li, S., Lei, J., An, D., and Haacke, E.M. (2010b). Evaluation of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage using susceptibility-weighted imaging. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 31, 1302-1310.
192. Yanagawa, Y., Tsushima, Y., Tokumaru, A., Un-no, Y., Sakamoto, T., Okada, Y., Nawashiro, H., and Shima, K. (2000). A quantitative analysis of head injury using T2-weighted gradient-echo imaging. J. Trauma. 49, 272-277.
193. Yeo, R.A., Phillips, J.P., Jung, R.E., Brown, A.J., Campbell, R.C., and Brooks, W.M. (2006). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy detects brain injury and predicts cognitive functioning in children with brain injuries. J. Neurotrauma 23, 1427-1435.
194. Yount, R., Raschke, K.A., Biru, M., Tate, D.F., Miller, M.J., Abildskov, T., Gandhi, P., Ryser, D., Hopkins, R.O., and Bigler, E.D. (2002). Traumatic brain injury and atrophy of the cingulate gyrus. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 14, 416-423.
195. Yuan, W., Holland, S.K., Schmithorst, V.J., Walz, N.C., Cecil, K.M., Jones, B.V., Karunanayaka, P., Michaud, L., and Wade, S.L. (2007). Diffusion tensor MR imaging reveals persistent white matter alteration after traumatic brain injury experienced during early childhood. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 28, 1919-1925.