Deep tissue optical and optoacoustic molecular imaging technologies for pre-clinical research and drug discovery

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 504-522

  Razansky, Daniel ^a   Deliolanis, Nikolaos C ^a   Vinegoni, Claudio ^b   Ntziachristos, Vasilis ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Contrast agents; Drug discovery; In vivo imaging; Optical molecular imaging; Optoacoustic tomography; Small animals

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DRUG INDUSTRY; EX VIVO STUDY; FLUORESCENCE MOLECULAR TOMOGRAPHY; IN VIVO STUDY; LIGHT; MOLECULAR IMAGING; MULTISPECTRAL OPTOACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OPTICAL PROJECTION TOMOGRAPHY; RADIATION; VOLUMETRY; X RAY;

ANIMALS; BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; CONTRAST MEDIA; DRUG DISCOVERY; HUMANS; MOLECULAR IMAGING; PHOTOACOUSTIC TECHNIQUES;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 84857724500     PISSN: 13892010     EISSN: 18734316     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138920112799436258     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Willmann, J. K.; van Bruggen, N.; Dinkelborg, L. M.; Gambhir, S. S. Molecular imaging in drug development. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 2008, 7 (7), 591-607.
2. Ntziachristos, V.; Leroy-Willig, A.; Tavitian, B. Textbook of in vivo Imaging in Vertebrates. Wiley: New York, 2007.
3. Helmchen, F.; Denk, W. Deep tissue two-photon microscopy. Nat. Methods, 2005, 2 (12), 932-940.
4. Huisken, J.; Swoger, J.; Del Bene, F.; Wittbrodt, J.; Stelzer, E. H. K. Optical sectioning deep inside live embryos by selective plane illumination microscopy. Science, 2004, 305 (5686), 1007-1009.
5. Sharpe, J.; Ahlgren, U.; Perry, P.; Hill, B.; Ross, A.; Hecksher-Sorensen, J.; Baldock, R.; Davidson, D. Optical projection tomography as a tool for 3D microscopy and gene expression studies. Science, 2002, 296 (5567), 541-545.
6. Ntziachristos, V.; Tung, C.; Bremer, C.; Weissleder, R. Fluorescence molecular tomography resolves protease activity in vivo. Nat. Med., 2002, 8 (7), 757-760.
7. Vinegoni, C.; Pitsouli, C.; Razansky, D.; Perrimon, N.; Ntziachristos, V. In vivo imaging of Drosophila melanogaster pupae with mesoscopic fluorescence tomography. Nat. Methods, 2008, 5 (1), 45-47.
8. Ntziachristos, V.; Ripoll, J.; Wang, L. V.; Weissleder, R. Looking and listening to light: the evolution of whole-body photonic imaging. Nat. Biotechnol., 2005, 23 (3), 313-320.
9. Brooksby, B.; Jiang, S.; Dehghani, H.; Pogue, B. W.; Paulsen, K. D.; Weaver, J.; Kogel, C.; Poplack, S. P. Combining near-infrared tomography resonance imaging to study in vivo and magnetic breast tissue: implementation of a Laplacian-type regularization to incorporate magnetic resonance structure. J. Biomed. Opt., 2005, 10(5), 051504.
10. Boas, D. A.; Dale, A. M. Simulation study of magnetic resonance imaging-guided cortically constrained diffuse optical tomography of human brain function. Appl. Optics, 2005, 44 (10), 1957-1968.
11. Brooksby, B. A.; Dehghani, H.; Pogue, B. W.; Paulsen, K. D. Nearinfrared (NIR) tomography breast image reconstruction with a priori structural information from MRI: Algorithm development for reconstructing heterogeneities. IEEE J. Selected Topics Quantum Electron., 2003, 9 (2), 199-209.
12. Guven, M.; Yazici, B.; Intes, X.; Chance, B. Diffuse optical tomography with a priori anatomical information. Phys. Med. Biol., 2005, 50 (12), 2837-2858.
13. Li, A.; Miller, E. L.; Kilmer, M. E.; Brukilacchio, T. J.; Chaves, T.; Stott, J.; Zhang, Q.; Wu, T.; Chorlton, M.; Moore, R. H.; Kopans, D. B.; Boas, D. A. Tomographic optical breast imaging guided by three-dimensional mammography. Appl. Optics, 2003, 42 (25), 5181-5190.
14. Schweiger, M.; Arridge, S. R. Optical tomographic reconstruction in a complex head model using a priori region boundary information. Phys. Med. Biol., 1999, 44 (11), 2703-2721.
15. Lin, Y.; Gao, H.; Nalcioglu, O.; Gulsen, G. Fluorescence diffuse optical tomography with functional and anatomical a priori information: feasibility study. Phys. Med. Biol., 2007, 52, 5569-5585.
16. Davis, S. C.; Dehghani, H.; Wang, J.; Jiang, S.; Pogue, B. W.; Paulsen, K. D. Image-guided diffuse optical fluorescence tomography implemented with Laplacian-type regularization. Opt. Express, 2007, 15 (7), 4066-4082.
17. Gulsen, G.; Birgul, O.; Unlu, M. B.; Shafiiha, R.; Nalcioglu, O. Combined diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and MRI system for cancer imaging in small animals. Technol. Cancer Res. Treat., 2006, 5 (4), 351-363.
18. Intes, X.; Maloux, C.; Guven, M.; Yazici, B.; Chance, B. Diffuse optical tomography with physiological and spatial a priori constraints. Phys. Med. Biol., 2004, 49 (12), N155-N163.
19. Razansky, D.; Vinegoni, C.; Ntziachristos, V. Multispectral photoacoustic imaging of fluorochromes in small animals. Opt. Lett., 2007, 32 (19), 2891-2893.
20. Razansky, D.; Distel, M.; Vinegoni, C.; Ma, R.; Perrimon, N.; Koster, R.; Ntziachristos, V. Multispectral opto-acoustic tomography of deep-seated fluorescent proteins in vivo. Nat. Photonics, 2009, 3 (7), 412-417.
21. Buehler, A.; Herzog, E.; Razansky, D.; Ntziachristos, V. Video rate optoacoustic tomography of mouse kidney perfusion. Opt. Lett., 2010, 35 (14), 2475-2477.
22. Deguchi, J.; Aikawa, M.; Tung, C. H.; Aikawa, E.; Kim, D. E.; Ntziachristos, V.; Weissleder, R.; Libby, P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis: visualizing matrix metalloproteinase action in macrophages in vivo. Circulation, 2006, 114, 55-62.
23. Tanaka, E.; Choi, H. S.; Fujii, H.; Bawendi, M. G.; Frangioni, J. V. Image-guided oncologic surgery using invisible light: completed pre-clinical development for sentinel lymph node mapping. Ann. Surg. Oncol., 2006, 13 (12), 1671-1681.
24. Ware, R. W.; Lopresti, V. 3-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections. Intl. Rev. Cytology-a Survey Cell Biol., 1975, 40, 325-440.
25. Weninger, W. J.; Mohun, T. Phenotyping transgenic embryos: a rapid 3-D screening method based on episcopic fluorescence image capturing. Nat. Genet., 2002, 30 (1), 59-65.
26. Ewald, A.J.; McBride, H.; Reddington, M.; Fraser, S.E.; Kerschmann, R. Surface imaging microscopy, an automated method for visualizing whole embryo samples in three dimensions at high resolution. Dev. Dynamics, 2002, 225 (3), 369-375.
27. Sarantopoulos, A.; Themelis, G.; Ntziachristos, V. Imaging the biodistribution of fluorescent probes using multispectral epiillumination cryoslicing imaging. Mol. Imag. Biol., 2010, 13(5), 874-885.
28. Alanentalo, T.; Asayesh, A.; Morrison, H.; Loren, C. E.; Holmberg, D.; Sharpe, J.; Ahlgren, U. Tomographic molecular imaging and 3D quantification within adult mouse organs. Nat. Methods, 2007, 4 (1), 31-33.
29. Sharpe, J. Optical projection tomography. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Engin., 2004, 6, 209-228.
30. Vinegoni, C.; Razansky, D.; Figueiredo, J.; Nahrendorf, M.; Ntziachristos, V.; Weissleder, R. Normalized Born ratio for fluorescence optical projection tomography. Opt. Lett., 2009, 34 (3), 319-21.
31. Vinegoni, C.; Feruglio, P. F.; Cortez-Retamozo, V.; Razansky, D.; Medoff, B. D.; Ntziachristos, V.; Sbarbati, A.; Pittet, M.; Weissle-Weissle8der, R. Imaging of molecular probe activity with Bornnormalized fluorescence optical projection tomography. Opt. Lett., 2010, 35 (7), 1088-1090.
32. Vinegoni, C.; Fexon, L.; Feruglio, P.F.; Pivovarov, M.; Figueiredo, J. L.; Nahrendorf, M.; Pozzo, A.; Sbarbati, A.; Weissleder, R. High throughput transmission optical projection tomography using low cost graphics processing unit. Optics Express, 2009, 17 (25), 22320-22332.
33. Dodt, H. U.; Leischner, U.; Schierloh, A.; Jahrling, N.; Mauch, C. P.; Deininger, K.; Deussing, J. M.; Eder, M.; Zieglgansberger, W.; Becker, K. Ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain. Nat. Methods, 2007, 4 (4), 331-336.
34. Mahmood, U.; Tung, C. H.; Bogdanov, A.; Weissleder, R. Nearinfrared optical imaging of protease activity for tumor detection. Radiology, 1999, 213 (3), 866-870.
35. Bugaj, J. E.; Achilefu, S.; Dorshow, R. B.; Rajagopalan, R. Novel fluorescent contrast agents for optical imaging of in vivo tumors based on a receptor-targeted dye-peptide conjugate platform. J. Biomed. Opt., 2001, 6 (2), 122-133.
36. Ntziachristos, V.; Turner, G.; Dunham, J.; Windsor, S.; Soubret, A.; Ripoll, J.; Shih, H. A. Planar fluorescence imaging using normalized data. J. Biomed. Opt, 2005, 10 (6), 064007.
37. Zacharakis, G.; Shih, H.; Ripoll, J.; Weissleder, R.; Ntziachristos, V. Normalized transillumination of fluorescent proteins in small animals. Mol. Imaging, 2006, 5 (3), 153-159.
38. Kak, A.; Slaney, M. Principles of computerized tomographic imaging. IEEE Press: New York, 1999.
39. Ishimaru, A. Wave propagation and scattering in random media. IEEE Press: New York, 1997.
40. Xu, Y.; Iftimia, N.; Jiang, H. B.; Key, L. L.; Bolster, M. B. Imaging of in vitro and in vivo bones and joints with continuous-wave diffuse optical tomography. Opt. Express, 2001, 8 (7), 447-451.
41. Ntziachristos, V.; Weissleder, R. Charge-coupled-device based scanner for tomography of fluorescent near-infrared probes in turbid media. Med. Phys., 2002, 29 (5), 803-809.
42. Brooksby, B.; Jiang, S. D.; Dehghani, H.; Pogue, B. W.; Paulsen, K. D.; Kogel, C.; Doyley, M.; Weaver, J. B.; Poplack, S. P. Magnetic resonance-guided near-infrared tomography of the breast. Rev. Scientific Instruments, 2004, 75 (12), 5262-5270.
43. Graves, E. E.; Ripoll, J.; Weissleder, R.; Ntziachristos, V. A submillimeter resolution fluorescence molecular imaging system for small animal imaging. Med. Phys., 2003, 30 (5), 901-911.
44. Schulz, R. B.; Peter, J.; Semmler, W.; D'Andrea, C.; Valentini, G.; Cubeddu, R. Comparison of noncontact and fiber-based fluorescence-mediated tomography. Opt. Lett., 2006, 31 (6), 769-771.
45. Deliolanis, N.; Lasser, T.; Hyde, D.; Soubret, A.; Ripoll, J.; Ntziachristos, V. Free-space fluorescence molecular tomography utilizing 360 degrees geometry projections. Opt. Lett., 2007, 32 (4), 382-384.
46. Corlu, A.; Choe, R.; Durduran, T.; Lee, K.; Schweiger, M.; Arridge, S. R.; Hillman, E. M. C.; Yodh, A. G. Diffuse optical tomography with spectral constraints and wavelength optimization. Appl. Opt., 2005, 44 (11), 2082-2093.
47. Srinivasan, S.; Pogue, B. W.; Dehghani, H.; Leblond, F.; Intes, X. Data subset algorithm for computationally efficient reconstruction of 3-D spectral imaging in diffuse optical tomography. Optics Express, 2006, 14 (12), 5394-5410.
48. Hielscher, A. H.; Bluestone, A. Y.; Abdoulaev, G. S.; Klose, A. D.; Lasker, J.; Stewart, M.; Netz, U.; Beuthan, J. Near-infrared diffuse optical tomography. Dis. Markers, 2002, 18 (5-6), 313-337.
49. Choe, R.; Corlu, A.; Lee, K.; Durduran, T.; Konecky, S. D.; Grosicka-Koptyra, M.; Arridge, S. R.; Czerniecki, B. J.; Fraker, D. L.; DeMichele, A.; Chance, B.; Rosen, M. A.; Yodh, A. G. Diffuse optical tomography of breast cancer during neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A case study with comparison to MRI. Med. Phys., 2005, 32 (4), 1128-1139.
50. Brooksby, B.; Pogue, B. W.; Jiang, S. D.; Dehghani, H.; Srinivasan, S.; Kogel, C.; Tosteson, T. D.; Weaver, J.; Poplack, S. P.; Paulsen, K. D. Imaging breast adipose and fibroglandular tissue molecular signatures by using hybrid MRI-guided near-infrared spectral tomography. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2006, 103 (23), 8828-8833.
51. Oleary, M. A.; Boas, D. A.; Li, X. D.; Chance, B.; Yodh, A. G. Fluorescence lifetime imaging in turbid media. Opt. Lett., 1996, 21 (2), 158-160.
52. Paithankar, D. Y.; Chen, A. U.; Pogue, B. W.; Patterson, M. S.; SevickMuraca, E. M. Imaging of fluorescent yield and lifetime from multiply scattered light reemitted from random media. Appl. Opt., 1997, 36 (10), 2260-2272.
53. Jiang, H. B. Frequency-domain fluorescent diffusion tomography: a finite-element-based algorithm and simulations. Appl. Opt., 1998, 37 (22), 5337-5343.
54. Ntziachristos, V.; Weissleder, R. Experimental three-dimensional fluorescence reconstruction of diffuse media by use of a normalized Born approximation. Opt. Lett., 2001, 26 (12), 893-895.
55. Deliolanis, N. C.; Dunham, J.; Wurdinger, T.; Figueiredo, J. L.; Tannous, B. A.; Ntziachristos, V. In-vivo imaging of murine tumors using complete-angle projection fluorescence molecular tomography. J. Biomed. Opt., 2009, 14 (3), 3.
56. Sosnovik, D. E.; Nahrendorf, M.; Deliolanis, N.; Novikov, M.; Aikawa, E.; Josephson, L.; Rosenzweig, A.; Weissleder, R.; Ntziachristos, V. Fluorescence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial macrophage infiltration in infarcted myocardium in vivo. Circulation, 2007, 115 (11), 1384-1391.
57. Niedre, M. J.; de Kleine, R. H.; Aikawa, E.; Kirsch, D. G.; Weissleder, R.; Ntziachristos, V. Early photon tomography allows fluorescence detection of lung carcinomas and disease progression in mice in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2008, 105 (49), 19126-19131.
58. Wang, G.; Li, Y.; Jiang, M. Uniqueness theorems in bioluminescence tomography. Med. Phys., 2004, 31 (8), 2289-2299.
59. Gu, X. J.; Zhang, Q. H.; Larcom, L.; Jiang, H. B. Threedimensional bioluminescence tomography with model-based reconstruction. Opt. Express., 2004, 12 (17), 3996-4000.
60. Dehghani, H.; Davis, S. C.; Jiang, S. D.; Pogue, B. W.; Paulsen, K. D.; Patterson, M. S. Spectrally resolved bioluminescence optical tomography. Opt. Lett., 2006, 31 (3), 365-367.
61. Klose, A. D.; Beattie, B. J.; Dehghani, H.; Vider, L.; Le, C.; Ponomarev, V.; Blasberg, R. In vivo bioluminescence tomography with a blocking-off finite-difference SP3 method and MRI/CT coregistration. Med. Phys., 2010, 37 (1), 329-338.
62. Hyde, D.; de Kleine, R.; MacLaurin, S. A.; Miller, E.; Brooks, D. H.; Krucker, T.; Ntziachristos, V. Hybrid FMT-CT imaging of amyloid-beta plaques in a murine Alzheimer's disease model. Neuroimage, 2009, 44 (4), 1304-1311.
63. V. W. L. Photoacoustic Imaging and Spectroscopy. CRC Press: Boca Raton, Florida, 2009.
64. Rosenthal, A.; Razansky, D.; Ntziachristos, V. Fast semi-analytical model-based acoustic inversion for quantitative optoacoustic tomography. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 2010, 29 (6), 1275-1285.
65. Kruger, R. A.; Liu, P. Y.; Fang, Y. R.; Appledorn, C. R. Photoacoustic Ultrasound (PAUS) - Reconstruction Tomography. Med. Phys, 1995, 22 (10), 1605-1609.
66. Köstli, K.; Frenz, M.; Bebie, H.; Weber, H. Temporal backward projection of optoacoustic pressure transients using fourier transform methods. Phys. Med. Biol., 2001, 46 (7), 1863-72.
67. Zhang, E.; Laufer, J.; Pedley, R.; Beard, P. In vivo high-resolution 3D photoacoustic imaging of superficial vascular anatomy. Phys. Med. Biol., 2009, 54 (4), 1035-1046.
68. Jetzfellner, T.; Razansky, D.; Rosenthal, A.; Schulz, R.; Englmeier, K.; Ntziachristos, V. Performance of iterative optoacoustic tomography with experimental data. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2009, 95 (1), 013703.
69. Rosenthal, A.; Razansky, D.; Ntziachristos, V. Quantitative optoacoustic signal extraction using sparse signal representation. IEEE Trans Med. Imaging, 2009, 28 (12), 1997-2006.
70. Wang, X.; Pang, Y.; Ku, G.; Xie, X.; Stoica, G.; Wang, L. Noninvasive laser-induced photoacoustic tomography for structural and functional in vivo imaging of the brain. Nat. Biotechnol., 2003, 21 (7), 803-806.
71. Song, L.; Maslov, K.; Wang, L. V. Section-illumination photoacoustic microscopy for dynamic 3D imaging of microcirculation in vivo. Opt. Lett., 2010, 35 (9), 1482-1484.
72. Hu, S.; Maslov, K.; Wang, L. V. Noninvasive label-free imaging of microhemodynamics by optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy. Opt. Express, 2009, 17 (9), 7688-7693.
73. Hu, S.; Yan, P.; Maslov, K.; Lee, J.; Wang, L. Intravital imaging of amyloid plaques in a transgenic mouse model using opticalresolution photoacoustic microscopy. Opt. Lett., 2009, 34 (24), 3899-3901.
74. Niederhauser, J.; Jaeger, M.; Lemor, R.; Weber, P.; Frenz, M. Combined ultrasound and optoacoustic system for real-time highcontrast vascular imaging in vivo. IEEE Trans Med. Imaging, 2005, 24 (4), 436-40.
75. Razansky, D.; Vinegoni, C.; Ntziachristos, V. Multispectral photoacoustic imaging of fluorochromes in small animals. Opt. Lett., 2007, 32 (19), 2891-2893.
76. Ntziachristos, V.; Razansky, D. Molecular Imaging by Means of Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography (MSOT). Chem. Rev., 2010, 110 (5), 2783-2794.
77. Taruttis, A.; Herzog, E.; Razansky, D.; Ntziachristos, V. Real-time imaging of cardiovascular dynamics and circulating gold nanorods with multispectral optoacoustic tomography. Optics Express, 2010, 17 (24), 21414-21426.
78. Li, M.-L.; Oh, J.-T.; Xie, X.; Ku, G.; Wang, W.; Li, C.; Lungu, G.; Stoica, G.; Wang, L. V. Simultaneous molecular and hypoxia imaging of brain tumors in vivo using spectroscopic photoacoustic tomography. Proc. IEEE 2008, 96 (3), 481-489
79. Li, M.-L.; Oh, J.-T.; Xie X.; Ku,GK.; Wang, W.; Li, C.; Lungu, G.; Stoica, G.; Wang, L. V. Simultaneous molecular and hypoxia imaging of brain tumors in vivo using spectroscopic photoacoustic tomography. Proc. IEEE, 2008, 96 (3), 481-489.
80. Razansky, D.; Harlaar, N.J.; Hillebrands, J.-L.; Taruttis, A.; Herzog, E.; Zeebregts, C.J.; van Dam, G.M.; Ntziachristos, V. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography of matrix metalloproteinase activity in vulnerable human carotid plaques. Mol. Imag. Biol., 2012, DOI: 10.1007/s11307-011-0502-6.
81. Mallidi, S.; Larson, T.; Aaron, J.; Sokolov, K.; Emelianov, S. Molecular specific optoacoustic imaging with plasmonic nanoparticles. Opt. Express, 2007, 15(11), 6583-6588.
82. de la Zerda, A.; Liu, Z.; Bodapati, S.; Teed, R.; Vaithilingam, S.; Khuri-Yakub, B.T.; Chen, X.; Dai, H.; Gambir, S.S. Ultra high sensitivity carbon nanotube agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging in living mice. Nano. Lett., 2010, 10(16), 2168-2172.
83. Li, L.; Zemp, R.; Lungu, G.; Stoica, G.; Wang, L. Photoacoustic imaging of lacZ gene expression in vivo. J. Biomed. Opt., 2007, 12 (2), 020504.
84. Shu, X.; Royant, A.; Lin, M.; Aguilera, T.; Lev-Ram, V.; Steinbach, P.; Tsien, R. Mammalian expression of infrared fluorescent proteins engineered from a bacterial phytochrome. Science, 2009, 324 (5928), 804-807.
85. Hilderbrand, S. A.; Shao, F. W.; Salthouse, C.; Mahmood, U.; Weissleder, R. Upconverting luminescent nanomaterials: application to in vivo bioimaging. Chem. Commun., 2009, (28), 4188-4190.
86. Vinegoni, C.; Razansky, D.; Hilderbrand, S.; Shao, F.; Ntziachristos, V.; Weissleder, R. Transillumination fluorescence imaging in mice using biocompatible upconverting nanoparticles. Opt. Lett., 2009, 34 (17), 2566-2568.
87. Nyk, M.; Kumar, R.; Ohulchanskyy, T. Y.; Bergey, E. J.; Prasad, P. N. High contrast in vitro and in vivo photoluminescence bioimaging using near infrared to near infrared up-conversion in TM3+ and Yb3+ doped fluoride nanophosphors. Nano. Lett., 2008, 8 (11), 3834-3838.
88. Wu, S. W.; Han, G.; Milliron, D. J.; Aloni, S.; Altoe, V.; Talapin, D. V.; Cohen, B. E.; Schuck, P. J. Non-blinking and photostable upconverted luminescence from single lanthanide-doped nanocrystals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2009, 106 (27), 10917-10921.
89. Rayavarapu, R.; Petersen, W.; Ungureanu, C.; Post, J.; van Leeuwen, T.; Manohar, S. Synthesis and bioconjugation of gold nanoparticles as potential molecular probes for light-based imaging techniques. Int. J. Biomed. Imaging, 2007, 2007, 29817.
90. Wang, Y. W.; Xie, X. Y.; Wang, X. D.; Ku, G.; Gill, K. L.; O'Neal, D. P.; Stoica, G.; Wang, L. V. Photoacoustic tomography of a nanoshell contrast agent in the in vivo rat brain. Nano. Lett., 2004, 4 (9), 1689-1692.
91. Song, K.; Kim, C.; Cobley, C.; Xia, Y.; Wang, L. Near-infrared gold nanocages as a new class of tracers for photoacoustic sentinel lymph node mapping on a rat model. Nano. Lett., 2009, 9 (1), 183-188.
92. Eghtedari, M.; Oraevsky, A.; Copland, J.; Kotov, N.; Conjusteau, A.; Motamedi, M. High sensitivity of in vivo detection of gold nanorods using a laser optoacoustic imaging system. Nano. Lett., 2007, 7 (7), 1914-1918.
93. Bouchard, L.; Anwar, M.; Liu, G.; Hann, B.; Xie, Z.; Gray, J.; Wang, X.; Pines, A.; Chen, F. Picomolar sensitivity MRI and photoacoustic imaging of cobalt nanoparticles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2009, 106 (11), 4085-4089.
94. Shashkov, E. V.; Everts, M.; Galanzha, E. I.; Zharov, V. P. Quantum dots as multimodal photoacoustic and photothermal contrast agents. Nano. Lett., 2008, 8 (11), 3953-3958.
95. Buehler, A.; Herzog, E.; Razansky, D.; Ntziachristos, V. Video rate optoacoustic tomography of mouse kidney perfusion. Optics Lett., 2010, 35(14), 2475-2477
96. Taruttis, A.; Herzog, E.; Razansky, D.; Ntziachristos, V. Real-time Imaging of Cardiovascular Dynamics and Circulating Gold Nanorods with Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography. Opt. Express, 2010, 18(19), 19592-19602.
97. Ma, R.; Taruttis, A.; Ntziachristos, V.; Razansky, D. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) scanner for whole-body small animal imaging. Opt. Express, 2009, 17 (24), 21414-21426.
98. Razansky, D.; Vinegoni, C.; Ntziachristos, V. Imaging of mesoscopic-scale organisms using selective-plane optoacoustic tomography. Phys. Med. Biol., 2009, 54 (9), 2769-2777.