Effect of general anesthetics on the developing brain

Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 6-10

  Velayudha Reddy, S ^a  

^a Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences   (India)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; delayed effects; general anesthetics; neurodegeneration

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR; BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; CARNITINE; CASPASE 3; CASPASE 9; DEATH DOMAIN RECEPTOR SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEIN; DEXMEDETOMIDINE; ERYTHROPOIETIN; ESTRADIOL; LITHIUM; MELATONIN; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; NEUROTROPHIN; NEUROTROPHIN RECEPTOR P75; PROTEIN BAX; PROTEIN BCL 2; XENON;

ANESTHESIA COMPLICATION; APOPTOSIS; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; BRAIN INJURY; CELL SURVIVAL; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EXPOSURE; DRUG SAFETY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENERAL ANESTHESIA; HORMONE ACTION; HUMAN; HYPOXIC ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; NERVE CELL; NERVE DEGENERATION; NERVE FUNCTION; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; SYNAPTOGENESIS;

EID: 84857587839     PISSN: 09709185     EISSN: 22312730     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0970-9185.92426     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. Dobbing J, Sands J. Comparative aspects of the brain growth spurt. EarlyHumDev 1979;3:79-83. (Pubitemid 9141710)
2. Hansen TG, Pedersen JK, Henneberg SW, Pedersen DA, Murray JC, Morton NS, et al. Academic performance in adolescents after inguinal hernia repair in infancy: A national wide cohort study. Anesthesiology 2011;114:1076-85.
3. Komuro H, Rakic P. modulation of neuronal migration by NMDA receptors. Science 1993;260:95-7. (Pubitemid 23122752)
4. Kaplan DR, Miller FD. Neurotrophin signal transduction in the nervous system. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2000;10:381-91. (Pubitemid 30389307)
5. Dudek H, Datta SR, Franke TF, Birnbaum MJ, Yao R, Cooper GM, et al. Regulation of neuronal survival by the serin-threonine protein kinase Akt. Science 1997;275:661-5. (Pubitemid 27061332)
6. Ikonomidou C, Bittigau P, Koch C, Genz F, Hoerster F, Felderhoff Mueser U, et al. Neurotransmitters and apoptosis in the developing brain. Biochem Pharmacol 2001;62:401-5. (Pubitemid 32607721)
7. Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Todorovic SM, Mennerick S, Powell S, Dikranian K, Benshoff N, et al. Nitrous oxide (Laughing gas) is as NMDA antagonist, neuroprotectant and neurotoxin. Nat Med 1998;4:460-3. (Pubitemid 28212764)
8. Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Heartman RE, Izumi Y, Benshoff ND, Dikranian K, Zorumski CF, et al. Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits. J Neurosci 2003;23:876-82. (Pubitemid 36206178)
9. Hengartner MO. The biochemistry of apoptosis. Nature 2000;407:770-6.
10. Yon JH, Daniel-Johnson J, Carter LB, Jevtovic-todorovic V. Anaesthesia induced neuronal cell death in the developing rat brain via the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Neurosciences 2005;135:815-27.
11. Lu LX, Yon JH, Carter LB, Jevtovic-Todorovic V. General anesthesia activates BDNF dependent neuroapoptosis in the developing rat brain. Apoptosis 2006;11:1603-15. (Pubitemid 44253677)
12. Rizzi S, Carter LB, Ori C, Jevtovic-Todorovic V. Clinical anesthesia causes permanent damage to the fetal guinea pig brain. Brain Pathol 2008;18:198-210. (Pubitemid 351430399)
13. Walker K, Holland AJ, Winlaw D, Sherwood M, Badwl N. Neurodevelopmental outcomes and surgery in neonates. J Paediatr Child Health2006; 42: 749-51. (Pubitemid 44690818)
14. Ludman L, Spitz L, Wade A. Educational attainments in early adolescence of infants who required major neonatal surgery. J Pediatr Surg2001;36: 858-62. (Pubitemid 32496889)
15. Kabra NS, Schmidt B, Roberts RS, Doyle LW, Papile L, Fanaroff A. Neurosensory impairment after surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants: Results from the Trial of Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Preterms. J Pediatr2007; 150: 229-34,234 e221.
16. Chacko J, Ford WD, Haslam R. Growth and neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely-low-birth-weight infants after laparotomy. Pediatr Surg Int1999; 15: 496-9. (Pubitemid 29450166)
17. Bouman NH, Koot HM, Hazebroek FW. Long-term physical, psychological, and social functioning of children with esophageal atresia. J Pediatr Surg1999; 34: 399-404. (Pubitemid 29146495)
18. Wilder RT, Flick RP, Sprung J, Katusic SK, Barbaresi WJ, Mickelson C, et al. Early exposure to anesthesia and learning disabilities in a population-based birth cohort. Anesthesiology2009;110: 796-804.
19. Di Maggio C, Sun L, Kakavuoli A, Burne MV, Li G. A retrospective cohort study of the association of anesthesia and hernia repair surgery with behavioral and developmental disorders in young children. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol2009; 21: 286-91.
20. Sprung J, Flick RP, Wilder RT, Katusic SK, Pike TL, Dingli M,et al. Anesthesia for cesarean delivery and learning disabilities in a population-based birth cohort. Anesthesiology2009; 111: 302-10.
21. Anand KJ, Sippell WG, Schofield NM, Aynsley-Green A.Does halothane anaesthesia decrease the metabolic and endocrine stress responses of newborn infants undergoing operation?Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)1988; 296: 668-72. (Pubitemid 18059929)
22. Olney JW, Young C, Wozniak DF, Ikonomidou C, Jevtovic-Todorovic V. Anesthesia-induced developmental neuroapoptosis: Does it happen in humans? Anesthesiology 2004;101:273-5. (Pubitemid 38988479)
23. Yon JH, Carter LB, Reiter RJ, Jevtovic-Todorovic V. Melatonine reduces the severity of anesthesia-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain. Neurobiology 2006;21:522-30. (Pubitemid 43277535)
24. Nilsen J, Brinton RD. Mitochondria as therapeutic targets of estrogen action in the central nervous system. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 2004;3:297-313. (Pubitemid 39242916)
25. Bohles H, Evangeliou A, Bervoets K, Eckert I, Sewell A. Carnitine esters in metabolic disease. Eur J Pediatr1994; 153: 57-61.
26. Stumpf DA. Mitochondrial disorders. Rinsho Shinkeigaku1983; 23: 1046-55. (Pubitemid 14167425)
27. Cropton M. Bax, bid and the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane in apoptosis. Curr Opin Cell Biol2000; 12: 414-19.
28. Shu Y, Patel SM, Pac-Soo C, Fidalgo AR, Wan Y, Maze M, et al. Xenon pretreatment attenuates anesthetic-induced apoptosis in the developing brain in comparison with nitrous oxide and hypoxia. Anesthesiology 2010;113:360-8.
29. Straiko MM, Young C, Cattano D, Creeley CE, Wang H, Smith DJ, et al. Lithium protects against anesthesia-induced developmental neuroapoptosis. Anesthesiology 2009;110:862-8.
30. Sanders RD, Xu J, Shu Y, Januszewski A, Halder S, Fidalqo A,et al.Dexmedetomidine attenuates isoflurane-induced neurocognitive impairment in neonatal rats. Anesthesiology2009; 110: 1077-85.
31. Dzietko M, Felderhoff-Mueser U, Sifringer M, Krutz B, Bittigau P, Thor F. Erythropoietin protects the developing brain against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist neurotoxicity. Neurobiol Dis 2004;15:177-87. (Pubitemid 38296748)