메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 146, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 97-107

Identification of de facto protected areas in boreal Canada

Author keywords

Forest fragmentation; Frontier forests; Landsat; Landscape configuration; Maximum entropy (Maxent); MODIS; Wilderness

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; BIODIVERSITY; BOREAL FOREST; DATA SET; ECOSYSTEM SERVICE; FRONTIER REGION; HABITAT CONSERVATION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; MAXIMUM ENTROPY ANALYSIS; MODIS; PROTECTED AREA; SURROGATE METHOD; WILDERNESS AREA;

EID: 84857457119     PISSN: 00063207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.11.029     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (44)

References (105)
  • 1
    • 0032571405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species distributions, land values, and efficient conservation
    • Ando A., Camm J., Polasky S., Solow A. Species distributions, land values, and efficient conservation. Science 1998, 279:2126-2128.
    • (1998) Science , vol.279 , pp. 2126-2128
    • Ando, A.1    Camm, J.2    Polasky, S.3    Solow, A.4
  • 2
    • 79956196818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do butterflies define ecosystems? A comparison of ecological regionalization schemes
    • Andrew M.E., Wulder M.A., Coops N.C. How do butterflies define ecosystems? A comparison of ecological regionalization schemes. Biological Conservation 2011, 144:1409-1418.
    • (2011) Biological Conservation , vol.144 , pp. 1409-1418
    • Andrew, M.E.1    Wulder, M.A.2    Coops, N.C.3
  • 3
    • 83555174746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of protection and threats along productivity gradients in Canada
    • Andrew M.E., Wulder M.A., Coops N.C. Patterns of protection and threats along productivity gradients in Canada. Biological Conservation 2011, 144:2891-2901.
    • (2011) Biological Conservation , vol.144 , pp. 2891-2901
    • Andrew, M.E.1    Wulder, M.A.2    Coops, N.C.3
  • 5
    • 60849131949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indicators of wildness: using attributes of the land to assess the context of wilderness
    • In: McCool, S.F., Cole, D.N., Borrie, W.T., O'Loughlin, J. (Eds.), Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference: Wilderness Within the Context of Larger Systems, 23-27 May 1999, Missoula, MT. US Department of Agricul
    • Aplet, G., Thomson, J., Wilbert, M., 2000. Indicators of wildness: using attributes of the land to assess the context of wilderness. In: McCool, S.F., Cole, D.N., Borrie, W.T., O'Loughlin, J. (Eds.), Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference: Wilderness Within the Context of Larger Systems, vol. 2, 23-27 May 1999, Missoula, MT. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT. pp. 89-98.
    • (2000) , vol.2
    • Aplet, G.1    Thomson, J.2    Wilbert, M.3
  • 8
    • 77954819367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impacts of roads and other infrastructure on mammal and bird populations: a meta-analysis
    • Benítez-López A., Alkemade R., Verweij P.A. The impacts of roads and other infrastructure on mammal and bird populations: a meta-analysis. Biological Conservation 2010, 143:1307-1316.
    • (2010) Biological Conservation , vol.143 , pp. 1307-1316
    • Benítez-López, A.1    Alkemade, R.2    Verweij, P.A.3
  • 9
    • 4344578263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Past, current and future fire frequency in the Canadian boreal forest: implications for sustainable forest management
    • Bergeron Y., Flannigan M., Gauthier S., Leduc A., Lefort P. Past, current and future fire frequency in the Canadian boreal forest: implications for sustainable forest management. Ambio 2004, 33:356-360.
    • (2004) Ambio , vol.33 , pp. 356-360
    • Bergeron, Y.1    Flannigan, M.2    Gauthier, S.3    Leduc, A.4    Lefort, P.5
  • 12
    • 68749121523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extent of the North American boreal zone
    • Brandt J.P. The extent of the North American boreal zone. Environmental Reviews 2009, 17:101-161.
    • (2009) Environmental Reviews , vol.17 , pp. 101-161
    • Brandt, J.P.1
  • 14
    • 0035808526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity
    • Bruner A.G., Gullison R.E., Rice R.E., da Fonseca G.A.B. Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity. Science 2001, 291:125-128.
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , pp. 125-128
    • Bruner, A.G.1    Gullison, R.E.2    Rice, R.E.3    da Fonseca, G.A.B.4
  • 16
    • 84857449284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Boreal Initiative. The Boreal Forest at Risk: A Progress Report
    • Canadian Boreal Initiative, Ottawa, ON.
    • Canadian Boreal Initiative, 2003. The Boreal Forest at Risk: A Progress Report. Canadian Boreal Initiative, Ottawa, ON.
    • (2003)
  • 17
    • 84857458136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Boreal Initiative
    • The Boreal in the Balance: Securing the Future of Canada's Boreal Region, A Status Report. Canadian Boreal Initiative, Ottawa, ON.
    • Canadian Boreal Initiative, 2005. The Boreal in the Balance: Securing the Future of Canada's Boreal Region, A Status Report. Canadian Boreal Initiative, Ottawa, ON.
    • (2005)
  • 18
    • 77950854507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From the redwood forest to the Gulf Stream waters: human signature nearly ubiquitous in representative US landscapes
    • Cardille J.M., Lambois M. From the redwood forest to the Gulf Stream waters: human signature nearly ubiquitous in representative US landscapes. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2010, 8:130-134.
    • (2010) Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment , vol.8 , pp. 130-134
    • Cardille, J.M.1    Lambois, M.2
  • 19
    • 33750518396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial viability analysis of Amur tiger Panthera tigris altaica in the Russian Far East: the role of protected areas and landscape matrix in population persistence
    • Carroll C., Miquelle D.G. Spatial viability analysis of Amur tiger Panthera tigris altaica in the Russian Far East: the role of protected areas and landscape matrix in population persistence. Journal of Applied Ecology 2006, 43:1056-1068.
    • (2006) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.43 , pp. 1056-1068
    • Carroll, C.1    Miquelle, D.G.2
  • 20
    • 84857458109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CARTS. Conservation Areas Reporting and Tracking System Reports
    • Canadian Council on Ecological Areas, Ottawa, ON. (accessed 25.11.11).
    • CARTS, 2011. Conservation Areas Reporting and Tracking System Reports. Canadian Council on Ecological Areas, Ottawa, ON. (accessed 25.11.11). http://www.ccea.org/en_cartsreports.html.
    • (2011)
  • 21
    • 40649107459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of a Canadian dynamic habitat index using multi-temporal satellite estimates of canopy light absorbance
    • Coops N.C., Wulder M.A., Duro D.C., Han T., Berry S. The development of a Canadian dynamic habitat index using multi-temporal satellite estimates of canopy light absorbance. Ecological Indicators 2008, 8:754-766.
    • (2008) Ecological Indicators , vol.8 , pp. 754-766
    • Coops, N.C.1    Wulder, M.A.2    Duro, D.C.3    Han, T.4    Berry, S.5
  • 22
    • 14844311988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the value of roadless areas in a conservation reserve strategy: biodiversity and landscape connectivity in the northern Rockies
    • Crist M.R., Wilmer B., Aplet G.H. Assessing the value of roadless areas in a conservation reserve strategy: biodiversity and landscape connectivity in the northern Rockies. Journal of Applied Ecology 2005, 42:181-191.
    • (2005) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.42 , pp. 181-191
    • Crist, M.R.1    Wilmer, B.2    Aplet, G.H.3
  • 23
    • 0030303769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boreal mixedwood forests may have no ''representative'' areas: some implications for reserve design
    • Cumming S.G., Burton P.J., Klinkenberg B. Boreal mixedwood forests may have no ''representative'' areas: some implications for reserve design. Ecography 1996, 19:162-180.
    • (1996) Ecography , vol.19 , pp. 162-180
    • Cumming, S.G.1    Burton, P.J.2    Klinkenberg, B.3
  • 24
    • 13944263687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing isolation of protected areas in tropical forests over the past twenty years
    • DeFries R., Hansen A., Newton A.C., Hansen M.C. Increasing isolation of protected areas in tropical forests over the past twenty years. Ecological Applications 2005, 15:19-26.
    • (2005) Ecological Applications , vol.15 , pp. 19-26
    • DeFries, R.1    Hansen, A.2    Newton, A.C.3    Hansen, M.C.4
  • 25
    • 0034903638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the extent to which roadless areas complement the conservation of biological diversity
    • DeVelice R.L., Martin J.R. Assessing the extent to which roadless areas complement the conservation of biological diversity. Ecological Applications 2001, 11:1008-1018.
    • (2001) Ecological Applications , vol.11 , pp. 1008-1018
    • DeVelice, R.L.1    Martin, J.R.2
  • 27
    • 38349048857 scopus 로고
    • Ecological Stratification Working Group
    • A National Ecological Framework for Canada. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch, Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research and Environment Canada, State of the Environment Directorate, Ecozone Analysis Branch, Ottawa/Hull.
    • Ecological Stratification Working Group, 1995. A National Ecological Framework for Canada. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch, Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research and Environment Canada, State of the Environment Directorate, Ecozone Analysis Branch, Ottawa/Hull.
    • (1995)
  • 31
    • 84857453077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environment Canada. Canadian Protected Areas Status Report
    • Environment Canada, Gatineau, QC.
    • Environment Canada, 2006. Canadian Protected Areas Status Report. Environment Canada, Gatineau, QC.
    • (2006)
  • 34
    • 33845289624 scopus 로고
    • Creating landscape patterns by forest cutting: ecological consequences and principles
    • Franklin J.F., Formann R.T.T. Creating landscape patterns by forest cutting: ecological consequences and principles. Landscape Ecology 1987, 1:5-18.
    • (1987) Landscape Ecology , vol.1 , pp. 5-18
    • Franklin, J.F.1    Formann, R.T.T.2
  • 35
    • 34548139396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to define a patch: a spatial model for hierarchically delineating organism-specific habitat patches
    • Girvetz E.H., Greco S.E. How to define a patch: a spatial model for hierarchically delineating organism-specific habitat patches. Landscape Ecology 2007, 22:1131-1142.
    • (2007) Landscape Ecology , vol.22 , pp. 1131-1142
    • Girvetz, E.H.1    Greco, S.E.2
  • 36
    • 67349087656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connectivity of core habitat in the northeastern United States: parks and protected areas in a landscape context
    • Goetz S.J., Jantz P., Jantz C.A. Connectivity of core habitat in the northeastern United States: parks and protected areas in a landscape context. Remote Sensing of Environment 2009, 113:1421-1429.
    • (2009) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.113 , pp. 1421-1429
    • Goetz, S.J.1    Jantz, P.2    Jantz, C.A.3
  • 37
    • 0010839075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation of boreal environments: a completed research program and a new paradigm
    • Hansson L., Larsson T.-B. Conservation of boreal environments: a completed research program and a new paradigm. Ecological Bulletins 1997, 46:9-15.
    • (1997) Ecological Bulletins , vol.46 , pp. 9-15
    • Hansson, L.1    Larsson, T.-B.2
  • 39
    • 0036242572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest fragmentation of the conterminous United States: assessing forest intactness through road density and spatial characteristics
    • Heilman G.E., Strittholt J.R., Slosser N.C., DellaSala D.A. Forest fragmentation of the conterminous United States: assessing forest intactness through road density and spatial characteristics. Bioscience 2002, 52:411-422.
    • (2002) Bioscience , vol.52 , pp. 411-422
    • Heilman, G.E.1    Strittholt, J.R.2    Slosser, N.C.3    DellaSala, D.A.4
  • 40
    • 0033861631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying a linked reserve system using a regional landscape approach: the Florida Ecological Network
    • Hoctor T.S., Carr M.H., Zwick P.D. Identifying a linked reserve system using a regional landscape approach: the Florida Ecological Network. Conservation Biology 2000, 14:984-1000.
    • (2000) Conservation Biology , vol.14 , pp. 984-1000
    • Hoctor, T.S.1    Carr, M.H.2    Zwick, P.D.3
  • 41
  • 42
    • 84857458857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUCN and UNEP. The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK.
    • IUCN and UNEP, 2009. The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK.
    • (2009)
  • 43
    • 84857447274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUCN and UNEP. The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK.
    • IUCN and UNEP, 2010. The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK.
    • (2010)
  • 44
    • 0031796333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildfires in the western Canadian boreal forest: landscape patterns and ecosystem management
    • Johnson E.A., Miyanishi K., Weir J.M.H. Wildfires in the western Canadian boreal forest: landscape patterns and ecosystem management. Journal of Vegetation Science 1998, 9:603-610.
    • (1998) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.9 , pp. 603-610
    • Johnson, E.A.1    Miyanishi, K.2    Weir, J.M.H.3
  • 46
    • 77949517863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High and far: biases in the location of protected areas
    • Joppa L.N., Pfaff A. High and far: biases in the location of protected areas. PLoS One 2009, 4:e8273.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4
    • Joppa, L.N.1    Pfaff, A.2
  • 47
    • 33845784160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic assessment of present protected areas in Japan for representativeness of forest communities
    • Kamei M., Nakagoshi N. Geographic assessment of present protected areas in Japan for representativeness of forest communities. Biodiversity and Conservation 2006, 15:4583-4600.
    • (2006) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.15 , pp. 4583-4600
    • Kamei, M.1    Nakagoshi, N.2
  • 48
    • 0242628912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Old growth in the boreal forest: a dynamic perspective at the stand and landscape level
    • Kneeshaw D., Gauthier S. Old growth in the boreal forest: a dynamic perspective at the stand and landscape level. Environmental Reviews 2003, 11:S99-S114.
    • (2003) Environmental Reviews , vol.11
    • Kneeshaw, D.1    Gauthier, S.2
  • 49
    • 84860389118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misleading results from conventional gap analysis - messages from the warming north
    • Kujala H., Araújo M.B., Thuiller W., Cabeza M. Misleading results from conventional gap analysis - messages from the warming north. Biological Conservation 2011, 144:2450-2458.
    • (2011) Biological Conservation , vol.144 , pp. 2450-2458
    • Kujala, H.1    Araújo, M.B.2    Thuiller, W.3    Cabeza, M.4
  • 58
    • 34547523073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimum dynamic reserves: a framework for determining reserve size in ecosystems structured by large disturbances
    • Leroux S.J., Schmiegelow F.K.A., Lessard R.B., Cumming S.G. Minimum dynamic reserves: a framework for determining reserve size in ecosystems structured by large disturbances. Biological Conservation 2007, 138:464-473.
    • (2007) Biological Conservation , vol.138 , pp. 464-473
    • Leroux, S.J.1    Schmiegelow, F.K.A.2    Lessard, R.B.3    Cumming, S.G.4
  • 59
    • 0022242410 scopus 로고
    • The wilderness continuum concept and its implications for Australian wilderness preservation policy
    • Lesslie R.G., Taylor S.G. The wilderness continuum concept and its implications for Australian wilderness preservation policy. Biological Conservation 1985, 32:309-333.
    • (1985) Biological Conservation , vol.32 , pp. 309-333
    • Lesslie, R.G.1    Taylor, S.G.2
  • 60
    • 55949107812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of anthropogenic impacts
    • Leu M., Hanser S.E., Knick S.T. The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of anthropogenic impacts. Ecological Applications 2008, 18:1119-1139.
    • (2008) Ecological Applications , vol.18 , pp. 1119-1139
    • Leu, M.1    Hanser, S.E.2    Knick, S.T.3
  • 61
    • 20444488428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selecting thresholds of occurrence in the prediction of species distributions
    • Liu C., Berry P.M., Dawson T.P., Pearson R.G. Selecting thresholds of occurrence in the prediction of species distributions. Ecography 2005, 28:385-393.
    • (2005) Ecography , vol.28 , pp. 385-393
    • Liu, C.1    Berry, P.M.2    Dawson, T.P.3    Pearson, R.G.4
  • 62
    • 84879951708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA Forest Service roadless areas: potential biodiversity conservation reserves
    • Loucks C., Brown N., Loucks A., Cesareo K. USDA Forest Service roadless areas: potential biodiversity conservation reserves. Conservation Ecology 2003, 7:5.
    • (2003) Conservation Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 5
    • Loucks, C.1    Brown, N.2    Loucks, A.3    Cesareo, K.4
  • 63
    • 0034636577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic conservation planning
    • Margules C.R., Pressey R.L. Systematic conservation planning. Nature 2000, 405:243-253.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 243-253
    • Margules, C.R.1    Pressey, R.L.2
  • 65
    • 0024881102 scopus 로고
    • A reconnaissance-level inventory of the amount of wilderness remaining in the world
    • McCloskey J.M., Spalding H. A reconnaissance-level inventory of the amount of wilderness remaining in the world. Ambio 1989, 18:221-227.
    • (1989) Ambio , vol.18 , pp. 221-227
    • McCloskey, J.M.1    Spalding, H.2
  • 66
    • 0003745709 scopus 로고
    • FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Quantifying Landscape Structure
    • Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-351. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR.
    • McGarigal, K, Marks, B.J., 1995. FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Quantifying Landscape Structure. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-351. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR.
    • (1995)
    • McGarigal, K.1    Marks, B.J.2
  • 68
    • 0027446832 scopus 로고
    • Comparing spatial pattern in unaltered old-growth and disturbed forest landscapes
    • Mladenoff D.J., White M.A., Pastor J., Crow T.R. Comparing spatial pattern in unaltered old-growth and disturbed forest landscapes. Ecological Applications 1993, 3:294-306.
    • (1993) Ecological Applications , vol.3 , pp. 294-306
    • Mladenoff, D.J.1    White, M.A.2    Pastor, J.3    Crow, T.R.4
  • 69
    • 78751580424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Setting conservation targets under budgetary constraints
    • Moilanen A., Arponen A. Setting conservation targets under budgetary constraints. Biological Conservation 2011, 144:650-653.
    • (2011) Biological Conservation , vol.144 , pp. 650-653
    • Moilanen, A.1    Arponen, A.2
  • 70
    • 51549087127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do parks work? Impact of protected areas on land cover clearing
    • Nagendra H. Do parks work? Impact of protected areas on land cover clearing. Ambio 2008, 37:330-337.
    • (2008) Ambio , vol.37 , pp. 330-337
    • Nagendra, H.1
  • 71
    • 84857458858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOAA. DMSP-OLS Nighttime Lights Time Series, Version 2. Image and Data Processing by NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center, DMSP Data Collected by US Air Force Weather Agency, Boulder, CO.
    • NOAA, 2000. DMSP-OLS Nighttime Lights Time Series, Version 2. Image and Data Processing by NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center, DMSP Data Collected by US Air Force Weather Agency, Boulder, CO.
    • (2000)
  • 75
    • 27944446350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions
    • Phillips S.J., Anderson R.P., Schapire R.E. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling 2006, 190:231-259.
    • (2006) Ecological Modelling , vol.190 , pp. 231-259
    • Phillips, S.J.1    Anderson, R.P.2    Schapire, R.E.3
  • 76
    • 41449100102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of species distributions with Maxent: new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation
    • Phillips S.J., Dudík M. Modeling of species distributions with Maxent: new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation. Ecography 2008, 31:161-175.
    • (2008) Ecography , vol.31 , pp. 161-175
    • Phillips, S.J.1    Dudík, M.2
  • 78
    • 0033932309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using abiotic data for conservation assessments over extensive regions: quantitative methods applied across New South Wales, Australia
    • Pressey R.L., Hager T.C., Ryan K.M., Schwarz J., Wall S., Ferrier S., Creaser P.M. Using abiotic data for conservation assessments over extensive regions: quantitative methods applied across New South Wales, Australia. Biological Conservation 2000, 96:55-82.
    • (2000) Biological Conservation , vol.96 , pp. 55-82
    • Pressey, R.L.1    Hager, T.C.2    Ryan, K.M.3    Schwarz, J.4    Wall, S.5    Ferrier, S.6    Creaser, P.M.7
  • 79
    • 0037319812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The shuttle radar topography mission - a new class of digital elevation models acquired by spaceborne radar
    • Rabus B., Eineder M., Roth A., Bamler R. The shuttle radar topography mission - a new class of digital elevation models acquired by spaceborne radar. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 2003, 57:241-262.
    • (2003) ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing , vol.57 , pp. 241-262
    • Rabus, B.1    Eineder, M.2    Roth, A.3    Bamler, R.4
  • 80
    • 0029669024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fragmentation of a forested Rocky Mountain landscape, 1950-1993
    • Reed R.A., Johnson-Barnard J., Baker W.L. Fragmentation of a forested Rocky Mountain landscape, 1950-1993. Biological Conservation 1996, 75:267-277.
    • (1996) Biological Conservation , vol.75 , pp. 267-277
    • Reed, R.A.1    Johnson-Barnard, J.2    Baker, W.L.3
  • 81
    • 0030462973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of roads to forest fragmentation in the Rocky Mountains
    • Reed R.A., Johnson-Barnard J., Baker W.L. Contribution of roads to forest fragmentation in the Rocky Mountains. Conservation Biology 1996, 10:1098-1106.
    • (1996) Conservation Biology , vol.10 , pp. 1098-1106
    • Reed, R.A.1    Johnson-Barnard, J.2    Baker, W.L.3
  • 82
    • 0026082323 scopus 로고
    • Measuring forest landscape patterns in the Cascade Range of Oregon, USA
    • Ripple W.J., Bradshaw G.A., Spies T.A. Measuring forest landscape patterns in the Cascade Range of Oregon, USA. Biological Conservation 1991, 57:73-88.
    • (1991) Biological Conservation , vol.57 , pp. 73-88
    • Ripple, W.J.1    Bradshaw, G.A.2    Spies, T.A.3
  • 84
    • 77954814542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive conservation planning to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services in Canadian boreal regions under a warming climate and increasing exploitation
    • Schindler D.W., Lee P.G. Comprehensive conservation planning to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services in Canadian boreal regions under a warming climate and increasing exploitation. Biological Conservation 2010, 143:1571-1586.
    • (2010) Biological Conservation , vol.143 , pp. 1571-1586
    • Schindler, D.W.1    Lee, P.G.2
  • 85
    • 0036557494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat loss and fragmentation in dynamic landscapes: avian perspectives from the boreal forest
    • Schmiegelow F.K.A., Mönkkönen M. Habitat loss and fragmentation in dynamic landscapes: avian perspectives from the boreal forest. Ecological Applications 2002, 12:375-389.
    • (2002) Ecological Applications , vol.12 , pp. 375-389
    • Schmiegelow, F.K.A.1    Mönkkönen, M.2
  • 87
    • 0036881643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and modelled biome representation in Canada's national park system: implications for system planning and park mandates
    • Scott D., Malcolm J.R., Lemieux C. Climate change and modelled biome representation in Canada's national park system: implications for system planning and park mandates. Global Ecology and Biogeography 2002, 11:475-484.
    • (2002) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.11 , pp. 475-484
    • Scott, D.1    Malcolm, J.R.2    Lemieux, C.3
  • 88
    • 0032458361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural regulation of ecosystems in protected areas as ecological baselines
    • Sinclair A.R.E. Natural regulation of ecosystems in protected areas as ecological baselines. Wildlife Society Bulletin 1998, 26:399-409.
    • (1998) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.26 , pp. 399-409
    • Sinclair, A.R.E.1
  • 89
    • 0002728952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mosaic boreal landscapes with open and forested wetlands
    • Sjöberg K., Ericson L. Mosaic boreal landscapes with open and forested wetlands. Ecological Bulletins 1997, 46:48-60.
    • (1997) Ecological Bulletins , vol.46 , pp. 48-60
    • Sjöberg, K.1    Ericson, L.2
  • 93
    • 84857458859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Canada. 2008 Road Network File, Reference Guide 92-500-GWE. Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON.
    • Statistics Canada, 2008. 2008 Road Network File, Reference Guide 92-500-GWE. Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON.
    • (2008)
  • 94
    • 0035674276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of roadless areas in biodiversity conservation in forested ecosystems: case study of the Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion of the United States
    • Strittholt J.R., DellaSala D.A. Importance of roadless areas in biodiversity conservation in forested ecosystems: case study of the Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion of the United States. Conservation Biology 2001, 15:1742-1754.
    • (2001) Conservation Biology , vol.15 , pp. 1742-1754
    • Strittholt, J.R.1    DellaSala, D.A.2
  • 95
    • 0030301293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The logging of a World Heritage Site: Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada
    • Timoney K. The logging of a World Heritage Site: Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada. Forestry Chronicle 1996, 72:485-490.
    • (1996) Forestry Chronicle , vol.72 , pp. 485-490
    • Timoney, K.1
  • 96
    • 0034072217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of ecological effects of roads on terrestrial and aquatic communities
    • Trombulak S.C., Frissell C.A. Review of ecological effects of roads on terrestrial and aquatic communities. Conservation Biology 2000, 14:18-30.
    • (2000) Conservation Biology , vol.14 , pp. 18-30
    • Trombulak, S.C.1    Frissell, C.A.2
  • 97
    • 84857458110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UNEP. Decisions Adopted by the Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its Tenth Meeting. UNEP/CBD, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.
    • UNEP, 2010. Decisions Adopted by the Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its Tenth Meeting. UNEP/CBD, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.
    • (2010)
  • 100
    • 18444396248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental benchmarks vs. ecological benchmarks for assessment and monitoring in Canada: is there a difference?
    • Wiersma Y.F. Environmental benchmarks vs. ecological benchmarks for assessment and monitoring in Canada: is there a difference?. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2005, 100:1-9.
    • (2005) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , vol.100 , pp. 1-9
    • Wiersma, Y.F.1
  • 101
    • 84857453779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protected Areas in Northern Canada: Designing for Ecological Integrity
    • Phase I Report. CCEA Occasional Paper No. 16. Canadian Council on Ecological Areas. CCEA Secretariat, Ottawa, Canada.
    • Wiersma, Y.F., Beechey, T.J., Oosenbrug, B.M., Meikle, J.C., 2005. Protected Areas in Northern Canada: Designing for Ecological Integrity. Phase I Report. CCEA Occasional Paper No. 16. Canadian Council on Ecological Areas. CCEA Secretariat, Ottawa, Canada.
    • (2005)
    • Wiersma, Y.F.1    Beechey, T.J.2    Oosenbrug, B.M.3    Meikle, J.C.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.