On the protection of "protected areas"

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 105, Issue 18, 2008, Pages 6673-6678

  Joppa, Lucas N ^a   Loarie, Scott R ^a   Pimm, Stuart L ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Conservation; Deforestation; Tropical forest

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIODIVERSITY; DEFORESTATION; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TERRESTRIAL SPECIES; TROPICAL RAIN FOREST; BRAZIL; DATA BASE; GEOGRAPHY; TELECOMMUNICATION; TREE;

BRAZIL; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; DATABASES AS TOPIC; GEOGRAPHY; SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS; TREES;

EID: 44349166177     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0802471105     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Pimm SL, Raven P, Peterson A, Sekercioglu CH, Ehrlich PR (2006) Forest losses predict bird extinctions in eastern North America. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:10941-10946.
2. Butchart SHM, Stattersfield A, Collar N (2006) How many bird extinctions have we prevented? Oryx 40:266-278.
3. Pimm SL (2001) The World According to Pimm, a Scientist Audits the Earth (McGraw-Hill, New York).
4. Pimm SL, et al. (2001) Can we defy nature's end? Science 233:2207-2208.
5. Terborgh J, van Schaik CP (2002) Why the world needs parks. Making Parks Work, Strategies for Preserving Tropical Nature, eds Terborgh J, van Schaik C, Davenport L, Rao M. (Island Press, Washington, DC), pp 3-14.
6. Parrish JD, Braun DP, Unnasch RS (2003) Are we conserving what we say we are? Measuring ecological integrity within protected areas. BioScience 53:851-860.
7. Myers N (1992) The Primary Source: Tropical Forests and Our Future (Norton, New York) rev ed.
8. Oliveira JPC, et al. (2007) Land-use allocation protects the Peruvian Amazon. Science 317:1233-1236.
9. Nepstad DC, et al. (1999) Large-scale impoverishment of Amazonian forests by logging and fire. Nature 398:505-508.
10. Cochrane MA (2003) Fire science for rainforests. Nature 421:913-919.
11. Burkey TV (1989) Extinction in nature reserves: The effect of fragmentation and the importance of migration between reserve fragments. Oikos 55:75-81.
12. Woodroffe R, Ginsberg JR (1998) Edge effects and the extinction of populations inside protected areas. Science 280:2126-2128.
13. Hockings M (2003) Systems for assessing the effectiveness of management in protected areas. BioScience 53:823-832.
14. Rodrigues ASL, et al. (2004) Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity. Nature 428:640-643.
15. Liu J, et al. (2001) Ecological degradation in protected areas: The case of Wolong Nature Reserve for Giant Pandas. Science 292:98-101.
16. Curran LM, et al. (2004) Lowland forest loss in protected areas of Indonesian Borneo. Science 303:1000-1003.
17. Roman-Cuesta RM, Martinez-Vilalta J (2006) Effectiveness of protected areas in mitigating fire within their boundaries: Case study of Chiapas, Mexico. Conserv Biol 20:1074-1086.
18. Sanchez-Azofeifa GA, Rivard B, Calvo J, Moorthy I (2004) Dynamics of tropical deforestation around national parks: Remote sensing of forest change on the Osa Peninsula of Costa Rice. Mt Res Dev 22:352-358.
19. Nepstad DC, et al. (2006) Inhibition of Amazon deforestation and fire by parks and indigenous lands. Conserv Biol 20:65-73.
20. Vanclay JK (2001) The effectiveness of parks. Science 293:1007-1010.
21. Bruner AG, Raymond E, Rice R, da Fonseca G (2001) Effectiveness of parks in protecting biological diversity. Science 291:125-128.
22. DeFries R, Hansen A, Newton A, Hansen M (2005) Increasing isolation of protected areas in tropical forest over the past twenty years. Ecol Appl 15:19-26.
23. Myers N, Mittermeier R, Mittermeier C, da Fonesca G, Kent J (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853-858.
24. Raven PH (1980) Research Priorities in Tropical Biology (Natl Acad Sci Press, Washington, DC).
25. Pimm SL, Brown JH (2004) Domains of diversity. Science 304:831-833.
26. DeFries R, Hansen H, Turner BL, Reid R, Liu J (2007) Land use change around protected areas: Management to balance human needs and ecological function. Ecol Appl 17:974-988.
27. Oates JF (1999) Myth and Reality in the Rainforest, How Conservation Strategies are Failing in West Africa (Univ of California Press, Berkeley, CA).
28. Anderson A, Jenkins CN (2006) Applying Nature's Design: Corridors as a Strategy for Biodiversity Conservation (Columbia Univ Press, New York).
29. Scott JM, et al. (2001) Nature reserves: Do they capture the full range of America's biological diversity? Ecol Appl 11:999-1007.
30. Ferraro PJ, Pattanayak S (2006) Money for nothing? A call for empirical evaluation of biodiversity conservation investments. Publ Libr Sci B 4:482-488.
31. Fuller DO, Jessup TC, Salim A (2004) Loss of forest cover in Kalimantan, Indonesia, since the 1997-1998 El Nino. Conserv Biol 18:249-254.
32. Locke H, Dearden P (2005) Rethinking protected area categories and the "new paradigm." Environ Conserv 32:1-10.
33. Redford KH (1992) The empty forest. BioScience 42:412-422.
34. Brooks TM, Pimm SL, Oyugi JO (1999) Time lag between deforestation and bird extinction in tropical forest fragments. Conserv Biol 13:1140-1150.
35. Ferraz G, et al. (2003) Rates of species loss from Amazonian forest fragments. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:14069-14073.
36. Van Schaik CP, Terborgh J, Dugelby B (1997) The silent crisis: The state of rain forest nature preserves. The Last Stand, Protected Areas and the Defense of Tropical Biodiversity, eds Kramer R, van Schaik CP, Johnson J (Oxford Univ Press, New York), pp 64-89.
37. Pimm SL, Jenkins C (2005) Sustaining the variety of life. Sci Am (Sept.) 293:66-73.
38. Laurance WF, et al. (2001) The future of the Brazilian Amazon. Science 19:438-439.
39. Laurance WF, Alonso A, Lee M, Campbell P (2006) Challenges for forest conservation in Gabon, Central Africa. Futures 38:454-470.
40. Laurance WF, Albernaz AK, Fearnside PM, Vasconcelos HL, Ferreira LV (2004) Deforestation in Amazonia. Science 304:1109.
41. Kirby KR, et al. (2006) The future of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Futures 38:432-453.
42. Laurance WF (2005) When bigger is better: The need for Amazonian mega-reserves. Trends Ecol Evol 20:645-648.
43. Olson DM, et al. (2001) Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: A new map of life on earth. BioScience 51:933-938.
44. Bartholome E, Belward A (2005) A new approach to global land cover mapping from earth observation data. Int J Rem Sens 26:1959-1977.
45. Mayaux P, et al. (2006) Validation of the global land cover 2000 map. IEEE Trans GeoSci Rem Sens 44:1728-1739.
46. WPDA Consortium (2006) World Database on Protected Areas. World Conservation Union (IUCN) and UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Center (UNEP-WCMC).