Update on the prevention and control of community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA)

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

Volumn 39, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 193-200

  Skov, Robert ^a   Christiansen, Keryn ^b   Dancer, Stephanie J ^c   Daum, Robert S ^d   Dryden, Matthew ^e   Huang, Yhu Chering ^f   Lowy, Franklin D ^g  

^a STATENS SERUM INSTITUT   (Denmark)

^b ROYAL PERTH HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^c HAIRMYRES HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^e Royal County Hampshire Hospital   (United Kingdom)

^f CHANG GUNG UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (Taiwan)

^g Division of Infectious Diseases ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

CA MRSA; Clinical studies; Control; Prevention

Indexed keywords

CLINDAMYCIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; DOXYCYCLINE; LINEZOLID; MACROLIDE; MINOCYCLINE; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; RIFAMPICIN; STAPHYLOCOCCUS VACCINE;

ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION; DECOLONIZATION; HEALTH PROGRAM; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; INFECTION PREVENTION; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCREENING TEST; SKIN INFECTION; SOFT TISSUE INFECTION; STRAIN DIFFERENCE; VACCINATION;

EID: 84857036923     PISSN: 09248579     EISSN: 18727913     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.09.029     Document Type: Short Survey

References (108)

1. MRSA infections decline, but new bacterial strains threaten. You can take action to protect yourself against drug-resistant bacteria. Duke Med Health News 2010;16:7.
2. E.N. Perencevich, and D.J. Diekema Decline in invasive MRSA infection: where to go from here? JAMA 304 2010 687 689
3. J. Usui, M. Kobayashi, I. Ebihara, A. Koyama, and K. Yamagata Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus-aureus-associated glomerulonephritis on the decline: decreased incidence since the 1990s Clin Exp Nephrol 15 2011 184 186
4. T. Gottlieb, W.Y. Su, J. Merlino, and E.Y. Cheong Recognition of USA300 isolates of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Australia Med J Aust 189 2008 179 180
5. F.C. Tenover, and R.V. Goering Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300: origin and epidemiology J Antimicrob Chemother 64 2009 441 446
6. A.R. Larsen, S. Bocher, M. Stegger, R. Goering, L.V. Pallesen, and R. Skov Epidemiology of European community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 80 type IV strains isolated in Denmark from 1993 to 2004 J Clin Microbiol 46 2008 62 68
7. F.R. Deleo, M. Otto, B.N. Kreiswirth, and H.F. Chambers Community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Lancet 375 2010 1557 1568
8. M. Herr, B. Grabein, H.G. Palm, K. Efinger, H.J. Riesner, and B. Friemert Necrotizing fasciitis: 2011 update Unfallchirurg 114 2011 197 216 [in German]
9. Y. Gillet, B. Issartel, P. Vanhems, J.C. Fournet, G. Lina, and M. Bes Association between Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying gene for Panton-Valentine leukocidin and highly lethal necrotising pneumonia in young immunocompetent patients Lancet 359 2002 753 759 (Pubitemid 34215075)
10. H.T. Li, T.T. Zhang, J. Huang, Y.Q. Zhou, J.X. Zhu, and B.Q. Wu Factors associated with the outcome of life-threatening necrotizing pneumonia due to community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus in adult and adolescent patients Respiration 81 2011 448 460
11. P. Del Giudice, M. Bes, T. Hubiche, V. Blanc, L. Roudire, and G. Lina Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus strains are associated with follicular skin infections Dermatology 222 2011 167 170
12. S.L. Kaplan, K.G. Hulten, B.E. Gonzalez, W.A. Hammerman, L. Lamberth, and J. Versalovic Three-year surveillance of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections in children Clin Infect Dis 40 2005 1785 1791 (Pubitemid 40799948)
13. R.M. Mera, J.A. Suaya, H. Amrine-Madsen, C.S. Hogea, L.A. Miller, and E.P. Lu Increasing role of Staphylococcus aureus and community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States: a 10-year trend of replacement and expansion Microb Drug Resist 17 2011 321 328
14. B.E. Gonzalez, G. Martinez-Aguilar, K.G. Hulten, W.A. Hammerman, J. Coss-Bu, and A. Avalos-Mishaan Severe staphylococcal sepsis in adolescents in the era of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pediatrics 115 2005 642 648 (Pubitemid 43378904)
15. R. Kock, K. Becker, B. Cookson, J.E. van Gemert-Pijnen, S. Harbarth, and J. Kluytmans Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): burden of disease and control challenges in Europe Euro Surveill 15 2010 19688
16. C.L. Maree, R.S. Daum, S. Boyle-Vavra, K. Matayoshi, and L.G. Miller Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates causing healthcare-associated infections Emerg Infect Dis 13 2007 236 242 (Pubitemid 46193166)
17. R. Skov, O. Gudlaugsson, H. Hardardottir, S. Harthug, T. Jakobsen, and H.J. Kolmos Proposal for common Nordic epidemiological terms and definitions for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Scand J Infect Dis 40 2008 495 502 (Pubitemid 351997667)
18. Minnesota Department of Health. Community-associated methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Minnesota. Disease Control Newsletter. Minnesota Department of Health; 2004. p. 61-72.
19. M.Z. David, D. Glikman, S.E. Crawford, J. Peng, K.J. King, and M.A. Hostetler What is community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus? J Infect Dis 197 2008 1235 1243 (Pubitemid 351632754)
20. S. Vourli, H. Vagiakou, G. Ganteris, M. Orfanidou, M. Polemis, and A. Vatopoulos High rates of community-acquired, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections in adult outpatients in Greece Euro Surveill 14 2009 pii: 19089
21. M. Kanerva, S. Salmenlinna, J. Vuopio-Varkila, P. Lehtinen, T. Mottonen, and M.J. Virtanen Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Finland in 2004 to 2006 J Clin Microbiol 47 2009 2655 2657
22. J.W. Elston, and G.D. Barlow Community-associated MRSA in the United Kingdom J Infect 59 2009 149 155
23. M. Olesevich, and A. Kennedy Emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus soft tissue infections J Pediatr Surg 42 2007 765 768 (Pubitemid 46719205)
24. L.C. Immergluck Community-associated infections in children - update on community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus for the practitioner Ethn Dis 17 2 Suppl. 2 2007 S2-46-9
25. M.Z. David, and R.S. Daum Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology and clinical consequences of an emerging epidemic Clin Microbiol Rev 23 2010 616 687
26. J.A. Otter, and G.L. French Molecular epidemiology of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Europe Lancet Infect Dis 10 2010 227 239
27. G.R. Nimmo, and G.W. Coombs Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Australia Int J Antimicrob Agents 31 2008 401 410
28. Y.-C. Huang, and C.-J. Chen Community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in children in Taiwan, 2000s Int J Antimicrob Agents 38 2011 2 8
29. M.D. Bartels, K. Kristoffersen, K. Boye, and H. Westh Rise and subsequent decline of community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST30-IVc in Copenhagen, Denmark through an effective search and destroy policy Clin Microbiol Infect 16 2010 78 83
30. H. Grundmann, D.M. Aanensen, C.C. van den Wijngaard, B.G. Spratt, D. Harmsen, and A.W. Friedrich Geographic distribution of Staphylococcus aureus causing invasive infections in Europe: a molecular-epidemiological analysis PLoS Med 7 2010 e1000215
31. A.R. Larsen, M. Stegger, S. Bocher, M. Sorum, D.L. Monnet, and R.L. Skov Emergence and characterization of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Denmark, 1999 to 2006 J Clin Microbiol 47 2009 73 78
32. B. Soderquist, and C. Berglund Simultaneous presence of an invasive and a carrier strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a family Scand J Infect Dis 40 2008 987 989
33. E.M. Stam-Bolink, D. Mithoe, W.H. Baas, J.P. Arends, and A.V. Moller Spread of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST80 strain in the community of the northern Netherlands Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 26 2007 723 727 (Pubitemid 47373410)
34. T. Urth, G. Juul, R. Skov, and H.C. Schonheyder Spread of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST80-IV clone in a Danish community Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 26 2005 144 149 (Pubitemid 40445018)
35. J.H. Song, P.R. Hsueh, D.R. Chung, K.S. Ko, C.I. Kang, and K.R. Peck Spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between the community and the hospitals in Asian countries: an ANSORP study J Antimicrob Chemother 66 2011 1061 1069
36. M. Dryden Complicated skin and soft tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology, risk factors, and presentation Surg Infect (Larchmt) 9 Suppl. 1 2008 S3 S10
37. R. Amador-Miranda, J. Bertran-Pasarell, M. Gonzalez, and A. Conde Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the community Bol Asoc Med P R 100 2008 21 23
38. S. Boyle-Vavra, and R.S. Daum Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: the role of Panton-Valentine leukocidin Lab Invest 87 2007 3 9 (Pubitemid 44973648)
39. B.A. Diep, and M. Otto The role of virulence determinants in community-associated MRSA pathogenesis Trends Microbiol 16 2008 361 369
40. G.Y. Cheung, R. Wang, B.A. Khan, D.E. Sturdevant, and M. Otto Role of the accessory gene regulator agr in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis Infect Immun 79 2011 1927 1935
41. C.P. Montgomery, S. Boyle-Vavra, and R.S. Daum Importance of the global regulators Agr and SaeRS in the pathogenesis of CA-MRSA USA300 infection PLoS One 5 2010 e15177
42. H.S. Joo, G.Y. Cheung, and M. Otto Antimicrobial activity of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is caused by phenol-soluble modulin derivatives J Biol Chem 286 2011 8933 8940
43. S. Bocher, R.L. Skov, M.A. Knudsen, L. Guardabassi, K. Molbak, and P. Schouenborg The search and destroy strategy prevents spread and long-term carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: results from the follow-up screening of a large ST22 (E-MRSA 15) outbreak in Denmark Clin Microbiol Infect 16 2010 1427 1434
44. M.C. Vos, M.D. Behrendt, D.C. Melles, F.P. Mollema, W. de Groot, and G. Parlevliet 5 years of experience implementing a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus search and destroy policy at the largest university medical center in the Netherlands Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 30 2009 977 984
45. W.C. Albrich, and S. Harbarth Health-care workers: source, vector, or victim of MRSA? Lancet Infect Dis 8 2008 289 301 (Pubitemid 351615756)
46. G. Hawkins, S. Stewart, O. Blatchford, and J. Reilly Should healthcare workers be screened routinely for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus? A review of the evidence J Hosp Infect 77 2011 285 289
47. J.E. Coia, G.J. Duckworth, D.I. Edwards, M. Farrington, C. Fry, and H. Humphreys Guidelines for the control and prevention of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in healthcare facilities J Hosp Infect 63 Suppl. 1 2006 S1 S44
48. F.G. O'Brien, G.W. Coombs, J.W. Pearman, M. Gracey, F. Moss, and K.J. Christiansen Population dynamics of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus in remote communities J Antimicrob Chemother 64 2009 684 693
49. E.S. Yang, J. Tan, S. Eells, G. Rieg, G. Tagudar, and L.G. Miller Body site colonization in patients with community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other types of S. aureus skin infections Clin Microbiol Infect 16 2010 425 431
50. H.J. Benjamin, V. Nikore, and J. Takagishi Practical management: community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA): the latest sports epidemic Clin J Sport Med 17 2007 393 397 (Pubitemid 47415182)
51. R. Desai, P.S. Pannaraj, J. Agopian, C.A. Sugar, G.Y. Liu, and L.G. Miller Survival and transmission of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from fomites Am J Infect Control 39 2011 219 225
52. L.G. Miller, and B.A. Diep Clinical practice: colonization, fomites, and virulence: rethinking the pathogenesis of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection Clin Infect Dis 46 2008 752 760 (Pubitemid 351321562)
53. S.J. Dancer Importance of the environment in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus acquisition: the case for hospital cleaning Lancet Infect Dis 8 2008 101 113
54. D. Gagne, G. Bedard, and P.J. Maziade Systematic patients' hand disinfection: impact on meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection rates in a community hospital J Hosp Infect 75 2010 269 272
55. J.A. Otter, and G.L. French Community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains as a cause of healthcare-associated infection J Hosp Infect 79 2011 189 193
56. A.C. Uhlemann, J. Knox, M. Miller, C. Hafer, G. Vasquez, and M. Ryan The environment as an unrecognized reservoir for community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300: a case-control study PLoS One 6 2011 e22407
57. A.E. Aiello, F.D. Lowy, L.N. Wright, and E.L. Larson Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among US prisoners and military personnel: review and recommendations for future studies Lancet Infect Dis 6 2006 335 341 (Pubitemid 43737275)
58. N.S. Baldwin, D.F. Gilpin, C.M. Hughes, M.P. Kearney, D.A. Gardiner, and C. Cardwell Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in residents and staff in nursing homes in Northern Ireland J Am Geriatr Soc 57 2009 620 626
59. P.R. Cohen The skin in the gym: a comprehensive review of the cutaneous manifestations of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in athletes Clin Dermatol 26 2008 16 26 (Pubitemid 351232151)
60. E. Lautenbach, P. Tolomeo, I. Nachamkin, B. Hu, and T.E. Zaoutis The impact of household transmission on duration of outpatient colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Epidemiol Infect 138 2010 683 685
61. E. Lautenbach, and T. Zaoutis Preventing MRSA infection in the community LDI Issue Brief 14 2009 1 4
62. A.R. Oller, L. Province, and B. Curless Staphylococcus aureus recovery from environmental and human locations in 2 collegiate athletic teams J Athl Train 45 2010 222 229
63. M.C. Roberts, O.O. Soge, D. No, S.E. Helgeson, and J.S. Meschke Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from public surfaces on a university campus, student homes and local community J Appl Microbiol 110 2011 1531 1537
64. S. Yabe, T. Takano, W. Higuchi, S. Mimura, Y. Kurosawa, and T. Yamamoto Spread of the community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone among family members in Japan J Infect Chemother 16 2010 372 374
65. M. Aires-de-Sousa, R.R. Simoe, T. Conceicao, F. Antunes, P. Martins da Costa, and H. de Lencastre High prevalence of EMRSA-15 in Portuguese public buses: a worrisome finding 21st European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) and 27th International Congress of Chemotherapy (ICC) 7-10 May 2011, Milan, Italy 2011 European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Basel, Switzerland
66. N. Carre, N. Herbreteau, N. Askeur, J.P. Dabas, F. Sillam, and C. Pinchon Outbreak of skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in pupils and their relatives Med Mal Infect 41 2011 364 371 [in French]
67. R. Shahin, I.L. Johnson, F. Jamieson, A. McGeer, J. Tolkin, and E.L. Ford-Jones Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in a child care center following a case of disease. Toronto Child Care Center Study Group Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 153 1999 864 868 (Pubitemid 29362613)
68. J.D. Szumowski, K.M. Wener, H.S. Gold, M. Wong, L. Venkataraman, and C.A. Runde Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization, behavioral risk factors, and skin and soft-tissue infection at an ambulatory clinic serving a large population of HIV-infected men who have sex with men Clin Infect Dis 49 2009 118 121
69. A. Loeffler, and D.H. Lloyd Companion animals: a reservoir for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the community? Epidemiol Infect 138 2010 595 605
70. E. Scott, S. Duty, and K. McCue A critical evaluation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria of medical interest on commonly touched household surfaces in relation to household demographics Am J Infect Control 37 2009 447 453
71. H.C. Lewis, K. Molbak, C. Reese, F.M. Aarestrup, M. Selchau, and M. Sorum Pigs as source of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 infections in humans, Denmark Emerg Infect Dis 14 2008 1383 1389
72. I. van Loo, X. Huijsdens, E. Tiemersma, A. de Neeling, N. van de Sande-Bruinsma, and D. Beaujean Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of animal origin in humans Emerg Infect Dis 13 2007 1834 1839 (Pubitemid 350248483)
73. E.L. Larson, S.X. Lin, C. Gomez-Pichardo, and P. Della-Latta Effect of antibacterial home cleaning and handwashing products on infectious disease symptoms: a randomized, double-blind trial Ann Intern Med 140 2004 321 329
74. P. Gilbert, and A.J. McBain Potential impact of increased use of biocides in consumer products on prevalence of antibiotic resistance Clin Microbiol Rev 16 2003 189 208 (Pubitemid 36519807)
75. A.E. Aiello, E.L. Larson, and S.B. Levy Consumer antibacterial soaps: effective or just risky? Clin Infect Dis 45 Suppl. 2 2007 S137 S147
76. S.P. Yazdankhah, A.W. Asli, H. Sorum, H. Oppegaard, and M. Sunde Fusidic acid resistance, mediated by fusB, in bovine coagulase-negative staphylococci J Antimicrob Chemother 58 2006 1254 1256 (Pubitemid 44884147)
77. A.E. Aiello, R.M. Coulborn, V. Perez, and E.L. Larson Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: a meta-analysis Am J Public Health 98 2008 1372 1381
78. P.M. Tierno Jr. Efficacy of triclosan Am J Infect Control 27 1999 71 72
79. J.U. Jensen, E.T. Jensen, A.R. Larsen, M. Meyer, L. Junker, and T. Ronne Control of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) outbreak in a day-care institution J Hosp Infect 63 2006 84 92 (Pubitemid 46137424)
80. T. Urth, U. Hjort, M. Søgaard, and R. Skov Successful control of CA-MRSA in Denmark. Mission impossible? 1st International Conference on Prevention and Infection Control (ICPIC) 29 June-2 July 2011, Geneva, Switzerland 2011 ICPIC Geneva, Switzerland
81. E.E. Udo, J.W. Pearman, and W.B. Grubb Genetic analysis of community isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Western Australia J Hosp Infect 25 1993 97 108 (Pubitemid 23337269)
82. H. Goossens, M. Ferech, R. Vander Stichele, and M. Elseviers Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study Lancet 365 2005 579 587 (Pubitemid 40247914)
83. G. Kahalmeter, and O. Cars Pan-European comparison of non-hospital antibiotic use and resistance in community E. coli 41st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICCAC) 16-19 December 2001, Chicago, IL 2001 ASM Press Washington, DC
84. A. Chung, R. Perera, A.B. Brueggemann, A.E. Elamin, A. Harnden, and R. Mayon-White Effect of antibiotic prescribing on antibiotic resistance in individual children in primary care: prospective cohort study BMJ 335 2007 429
85. M.B. Miller, D.J. Weber, J.S. Goodrich, E.B. Popowitch, M.D. Poe, and V. Nyugen Prevalence and risk factor analysis for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in children attending child care centers J Clin Microbiol 49 2011 1041 1047
86. R. Wise, T. Hart, O. Cars, M. Streulens, R. Helmuth, and P. Huovinen Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to public health BMJ 317 1998 609 610
87. P.F. Harrison, and J. Lederberg Antimicrobial resistance: issues and options 1998 National Academy Press Atlanta, GA
88. M.S. Dryden, J. Cooke, and P. Davey Antibiotic stewardship - more education and regulation not more availability? J Antimicrob Chemother 64 2009 885 888
89. Standing Medical Advisory Committee Sub-group on Antimicrobial Resistance The path of least resistance 1998 Department of Health UK
90. L. Donaldson 150 years of the annual report of the Chief Medical Officer: on the state of public health 2008 2009 Department of Health UK
91. J.M. Stockley European Antibiotic Awareness Day 2010: why doesn't promoting antibiotic awareness always work? J Infect 61 2010 361 363
92. C.A. McNulty, and N.A. Francis Optimizing antibiotic prescribing in primary care settings in the UK: findings of a BSAC multi-disciplinary workshop 2009 J Antimicrob Chemother 65 2010 2278 2284
93. J.L. Llera, and R.C. Levy Treatment of cutaneous abscess: a double-blind clinical study Ann Emerg Med 14 1985 15 19 (Pubitemid 15161258)
94. J. Macfie, and J. Harvey The treatment of acute superficial abscesses: a prospective clinical trial Br J Surg 64 1977 264 266 (Pubitemid 8075132)
95. P.M. Rajendran, D. Young, T. Maurer, H. Chambers, F. Perdreau-Remington, and P. Ro Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of cephalexin for treatment of uncomplicated skin abscesses in a population at risk for community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51 2007 4044 4048 (Pubitemid 350057804)
96. S.K. Fridkin, J.C. Hageman, M. Morrison, L.T. Sanza, K. Como-Sabetti, and J.A. Jernigan Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease in three communities N Engl J Med 352 2005 1436 1444
97. L.F. McCaig, L.C. McDonald, S. Mandal, and D.B. Jernigan Staphylococcus aureus-associated skin and soft tissue infections in ambulatory care Emerg Infect Dis 12 2006 1715 1723 (Pubitemid 44674248)
98. C. Liu, A. Bayer, S.E. Cosgrove, R.S. Daum, S.K. Fridkin, and R.J. Gorwitz Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children: executive summary Clin Infect Dis 52 2011 285 292
99. M. Dryden, A.T. Andrasevic, M. Bassetti, E. Bouza, J. Chastre, and G. Cornaglia A European survey of antibiotic management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection: current clinical opinion and practice Clin Microbiol Infect 16 Suppl. 1 2010 3 30
100. H.F. Chambers, R.C. Moellering Jr., and P. Kamitsuka Clinical decisions. Management of skin and soft-tissue infection N Engl J Med 359 2008 1063 1067
101. D. Nathwani, M. Morgan, R.G. Masterton, M. Dryden, B.D. Cookson, and G. French Guidelines for UK practice for the diagnosis and management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections presenting in the community J Antimicrob Chemother 61 2008 976 994 (Pubitemid 351545546)
102. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Outpatient management of MRSA skin and soft tissues infections 2010 CDC Atlanta, GA
103. R.J. Gorwitz Strategies for the clinical management of MRSA in the community 2006 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA
104. R.M. Klevens, M.A. Morrison, J. Nadle, S. Petit, K. Gershman, and S. Ray Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States JAMA 298 2007 1763 1771 (Pubitemid 47598444)
105. C. Liu, C.J. Graber, M. Karr, B.A. Diep, L. Basuino, and B.S. Schwartz A population-based study of the incidence and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease in San Francisco, 2004-2005 Clin Infect Dis 46 2008 1637 1646 (Pubitemid 351706759)
106. S.M. Morrison-Rodriguez, L.A. Pacha, J.E. Patrick, and N.N. Jordan Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections at an army training installation Epidemiol Infect 138 2010 721 729
107. H. Shinefield, S. Black, A. Fattom, G. Horwith, S. Rasgon, and J. Ordonez Use of a Staphylococcus aureus conjugate vaccine in patients receiving hemodialysis N Engl J Med 346 2002 491 496 (Pubitemid 34441740)
108. L. Lin, A.S. Ibrahim, B. Baquir, V. Avanesian, Y. Fu, and B. Spellberg Immunological surrogate marker of rAls3p-N vaccine-induced protection against Staphylococcus aureus FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 55 2009 293 295