Pigs as source of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 infections in humans, Denmark

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Volumn 14, Issue 9, 2008, Pages 1383-1389

  Lewis, Hannah C ^a,b   Mølbak, Kåre ^a   Reese, Catrin ^c   Aarestrup, Frank M ^d   Selchau, Mette ^a   Sørum, Marit ^a   Skov, Robert L ^a  

^a STATENS SERUM INSTITUT   (Denmark)

^b European Programme for Intervantion Epidemiology Training

^c LILLEBAELT HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^d TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENMARK; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FARM ANIMAL; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INFANT; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; SWINE; UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS;

EID: 50849098184     PISSN: 10806040     EISSN: 10806059     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3201/eid1409.071576      Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Kluytmans-Vandenbergh MF, Kluytmans JA. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: current perspectives. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006;12(Suppl 1):9-15. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01341.x
2. Faria NA, Oliveira DC, Westh H, Monnet DL, Larsen AR, Skov R, et al. Epidemiology of emerging methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Denmark: a nationwide study in a country with low prevalence of MRSA infection. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:1836-42. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1836-1842. 2005
3. Armand-Lefevre L, Ruimy R, Andremont A. Clonal comparison of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from healthy pig farmers, human controls, and pigs. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:711-4.
4. Huijsdens XW, van Dijke BJ, Spalburg E, van Santen-Verheuvel MG, Heck ME, Pluister GN, et al. Community-acquired MRSA and pig-farming. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2006;5:26. DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-5-26
5. Witte W, Strommenger B, Stanek C, Cuny C. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in humans and animals, Central Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:255-8.
6. Khanna T, Friendship R, Dewey C, Weese JS. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in pigs and pig farmers. Vet Microbiol. 2008;128:298-303.
7. Voss A, Loeffen F, Bakker J, Klaassen C, Wulf M. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pig farming. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:1965-6.
8. Aubry-Damon H, Grenet K, Sall-Ndiaye P, Che D, Cordeiro E, Bougnoux ME, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in commensal flora of pig farmers. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:873-9.
9. Hammerum AM, Heuer OE, Emborg HD, Bagger-Skjøt L, Jensen VF, Rogues AM, et al. Danish integrated antimicrobial resistance monitoring and research program. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1632-9.
10. The National Board of Health. Prevention of MRSA spreading guidelines [in Danish]. Copenhagen: Sundhedsstyrelsen; 2007.
11. Guardabassi L, Stegger M, Skov R. Retrospective detection of methicillin resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in Danish slaughter pigs. Vet Microbiol. 2007;122:384-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.03.021
12. van Rijen MM, van Keulen PH, Kluytmans JA. Increase in a Dutch hospital of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus related to animal farming. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46:261-3. DOI: 10.1086/524672
13. Oliveira DC, de Lencastre H. Multiplex PCR strategy for rapid identification of structural types and variants of the mec element in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46:2155-61. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.7.2155-2161.2002
14. Murchan S, Kaufmann ME, Deplano A, de Ryck R, Struelens M, Zinn CE, et al. Harmonization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for epidemiological typing of strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a single approach developed by consensus in 10 European laboratories and its application for tracing the spread of related strains. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:1574-85. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1574-1585.2003
15. Harmsen D, Claus H, Witte W, Rothganger J, Claus H, Turnwald D, et al. Typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a university hospital setting by using novel software for spa repeat determination and database management. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:5442-8. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.12. 5442-5448.2003
16. Kondo Y, Ito T, Ma XX, Watanabe S, Kreiswirth BN, Etienne J, et al. Combination of multiplex PCRs for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type assignment: rapid identification system for mec, ccr, and major differences in junkyard regions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:264-74. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00165-06
17. Lina G, Piemont Y, Godail-Gamot F, Bes M, Peter MO, Gauduchon V, et al. Involvement of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in primary skin infections and pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:1128-32. DOI: 10.1086/313461
18. Mehrotra M, Wang G, Johnson WM. Multiplex PCR for detection of genes for Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and methicillin resistance. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:1032-5.
19. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically: approved standard. 7th ed. Wayne (PA): The Institute; 2007.
20. McCarthy N, Giesecke J. Case-case comparisons to study causation of common infectious diseases. Int J Epidemiol. 1999;28:764-8. DOI: 10.1093/ije/28.4.764
21. Scanvic A, Denic L, Gaillon S, Giry P, Andremont A, Lucet JC. Duration of colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after hospital discharge and risk factors for prolonged carriage. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:1393-8. DOI: 10.1086/320151
22. Wulf M, van Nes A, Eikelenboom-Boskamp A, de Vries J, Melchers W, Klaassen C, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in veterinary doctors and students, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:1939-41.
23. Wulf MW, Sorum M, van Nes A, Skov R, Melchers WJ, Klaassen CH, et al. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among veterinarians: an international study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008;14:29-34. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01873.x
24. Moodley A, Nightingale EC, Stegger M, Nielsen SS, Skov RL, Guardabassi L. High risk for nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Danish veterinary practitioners. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2008;34:151-7.
25. de Neeling AJ, van den Broek MJ, Spalburg EC, van Santen-Verheuvel MG, Dam-Deisz WD, Boshuizen HC, et al. High prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs. Vet Microbiol. 2007;122:366-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.01.027
26. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). Pig's MRSA on a poultry farm) [in Dutch.]. Infectieziekten Bulletin. 2007;18:43-4.
27. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). MRSA from calves [in Dutch.]. Infectieziekten Bulletin. 2007;18:234-6.
28. Devriese LA, Oeding P. Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different animal species. Res Vet Sci. 1976;21:284-91.
29. Zetola N, Francis JS, Nuermberger EL, Bishai WR. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an emerging threat. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:275-86. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70112-2
30. Daum RS. Clinical practice. Skin and soft-tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:380-90. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp070747
31. Ruhlmann C, Kolmos HJ, Kristiansen JE, Slov R. Pigs as a source of infection for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in humans [in Danish]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2008. In press.
32. Ekkelenkamp MB, Sekkat M, Carpaij N, Troelstra A, Bonten MJ. Endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus originating from pigs [in Dutch.]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2006;150:2442-7.
33. Normanno G, Corrente M, La SG, Dambrosio A, Quaglia NC, Parisi A, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in foods of animal origin product in Italy. Int J Food Microbiol. 2007;117:219-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.04.006
34. Lee JH. Methicillin (oxacillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from major food animals and their potential transmission to humans. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003;69:6489-94. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.11.6489- 6494.2003
35. Kwon NH, Park KT, Moon JS, Jung WK, Kim SH, Kim JM, et al. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) characterization and molecular analysis for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and novel SCCmec subtype IVg isolated from bovine milk in Korea. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005;56:624-32. DOI: 10.1093/ jac/dki306
36. Kwon NH, Park KT, Jung WK, Youn HY, Lee Y, Kim SH, et al. Characteristics of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken meat and hospitalized dogs in Korea and their epidemiological relatedness. Vet Microbiol. 2006;117:304-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.05.006
37. van Loo IH, Diederen BM, Savelkoul PH, Woudenberg JH, Roosendaal R, van Belkum A, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in meat products, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1753-5.
38. Sergio DM, Koh TH, Hsu LY, Ogden BE, Goh AL, Chow PK. Investigation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs used for research. J Med Microbiol. 2007;56:1107-9. DOI: 10.1099/ jmm.0.47283-0
39. Dutch Working Party on Infection Prevention. Dutch Working Party on Infection Prevention guidelines on hospitals: MRSA, Hospital. The Netherlands: Leyden University Medical Centre; 2007.
40. Report of the Task Force on Zoonoses. Data collection on a proposal for technical specifications for a baseline survey on the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in breeding pigs. European Food Safety Authority Journal. 2007;129:1-14.