Threshold of toxicological concern values for non-genotoxic effects in industrial chemicals: Re-evaluation of the Cramer classification

Archives of Toxicology

Volumn 86, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 17-25

  Kalkhof, H ^a   Herzler, M ^b   Stahlmann, R ^a   Gundert Remy, U ^a,b  

^a CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

^b FEDERAL INSTITUTE FOR RISK ASSESSMENT   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cramer classification; Improvements; Industrial chemicals; Repeated dose toxicity; TTC values

Indexed keywords

ALICYCLIC COMPOUND; AROMATIC COMPOUND; CARCINOGEN; HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND; INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL; ORGANOPHOSPHATE;

ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CLASSIFICATION; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; DRUG EXPOSURE; HEALTH HAZARD; NONHUMAN; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; SAFETY; THRESHOLD OF TOXICOLOGICAL CONCERN VALUE; TOXICITY; TOXICITY TESTING;

ANIMALS; CHEMICAL INDUSTRY; DATABASES, FACTUAL; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; HUMANS; NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL; TOXICITY TESTS;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 84856961659     PISSN: 03405761     EISSN: 14320738     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0732-z     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Australian Guidelines (2008) Australian Guidelines for water recycling: augmentation of drinking water supplies 2008. Environment Protection and Heritage Council, National Health and Medical Research Council, Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council, Australia
2. Barlow S (2005) Threshold of toxicological concern: a tool for assessing substances of unknown toxicity present at low levels in the diet. ILSI Concise monograph series, ISBN 1-57881-188-0. ILSI Press, Washington DC
3. U Bernauer G Heinemeyer B Heinrich-Hirsch B Ulbrich U Gundert-Remy 2008 Exposure-triggered reproductive toxicity testing under the REACH legislation: a proposal to define significant/relevant exposure Toxicol Lett 176 68 76 18068317 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.10.008 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVCgsrbN (Pubitemid 50009765)
4. BioChemfinder version 12.0 (2009) CambridgeSoft Coroparte, Cambridge, MA 02149, USA
5. K Blackburn JA Stickney HL Carlson-Lynch PM McGinnis L Chappell SP Felter 2005 Application of the threshold of toxicological concern approach to ingredients in personal and household care products Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 43 249 259 16213074 10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.08.007 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1SksLnK (Pubitemid 41616391)
6. P Carthew C Clapp S Gutsell 2009 Exposure-based waiving: The application of the toxicological threshold of concern (TTC) to inhalation exposure for aerosol ingredients in consumer products Food Chem Toxicol 47 1287 1295 19275927 10.1016/j.fct.2009.02.024 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXlsVaqsrc%3D
7. GM Cramer RA Ford RL Hall 1978 Estimation of toxic hazard-a decision tree approach Food Cosm Toxicol 16 255 276 10.1016/S0015-6264(76)80522-6 1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXlvFWrt7c%3D (Pubitemid 9010193)
8. M Crane MY Gross K Daginnus G Deviller W de Wolf S Dungey C Galli A Gourmelon M Jacobs P Matthiessen C Micheletti E Nestmann M Pavan A Paya-Perez T Ratte B Safford B Sokull-Kluttgen F Stock HC Stolzenberg JR Wheeler M Willuhn AP Worth JM Zaldivar Comenges 2009 Thresholds of toxicological concern for endocrine active substances in the aquatic environment Integr Environ Assess Manag 6 2 11
9. SG Dahl L Aarons U Gundert-Remy MO Karlsson YJ Schneider JL Steimer IF Trocóniz 2010 Incorporating physiological and biochemical mechanisms into pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models: a conceptual framework Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 106 2 12 19686541 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXntFym
10. W Dekant S Melching-Kollmu F Kalberlah 2010 Toxicity assessment strategies, data requirements, and risk assessment approaches to derive health based guidance values for non-relevant metabolites of plant protection products Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 56 135 142 19883711 10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.10.003 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhs1Krurw%3D
11. EC (2008) Regulation No. 1272/2008 Official Journal of the European Union L 353/1-1355. Chapter 3.9.2, Section 3.9.2.95, and 3.9.2.96, Table 3.9.2
12. ECETOC (1995) Assessment factors in human health risk assessment. In: Technical reports European Chemical Industry Ecology and Toxicology Centre. Technical Report 68, ECETOC, Brussels
13. ECHA (2010a) Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Part B: Hazard Assessment. Chapter R.5: Adaptation of information requirements. http://guidance.echa.europa.eu/docs/guidance-document/information- requirements-en.htm?time=1303993238. Accessed 26 May 2011
14. ECHA (2010b) Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Part B: Hazard Assessment. Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for human health. Version2 p 29, Table R.8-5. http://guidance.echa.europa.eu/docs/guidance-document/information-requirements- en.htm?time=1303993238. Accessed: 26 May 2011
15. EMEA (2006) Guideline on the Limits of Genotoxic Impurities. Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CPMP). European Medicines Agency. London, 28 June 2006, CPMP/SWP/5199/02. EMEA/CHMP/QWP/251344/2006. Accessed 20 April 2011
16. EMEA (2007) Draft Guideline on the Assessment of Genotoxic Constituents in Herbal Substances/Preparations. Committee on herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC), European Medicines Agency. London, 31 October 2007, EMEA/HMPC/107079/ 2007. Accessed 29 April 2011
17. SE Escher I Tluczkiewicz M Batke A Bitsch C Melber ED Kroese HE Buist I Mangelsdorf 2010 Evaluation of inhalation TTC values with the database RepDose Reg Toxicol Pharmacol 58 259 274 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.06.009 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1Kqur3J
18. J Fawell 2008 Health risks of micropollutants-the need for a new approach Water Sci Technol 57 183 187 18235169 10.2166/wst.2008.798 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1cXjslWhurc%3D (Pubitemid 351330582)
19. FDA (2008) Guidance for industry. genotoxic and carcinogenic impurities in drug substances and products: recommended approaches. Draft Guidance. US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), December 2008
20. S Felter RW Lane ME Latulippe GC Llewellyn SS Olin JA Scimeca TD Trautman 2009 Refining the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) for risk prioritization of trace chemicals in food Food Chem Toxicol 47 2236 2245 19531369 10.1016/j.fct.2009.06.018 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXps1eqs7s%3D
21. Gold LS, Zeiger E (eds) (1997) Handbook of carcinogenic potency and genotoxicity databases. CRC Press, Boca Raton
22. LS Gold TH Slone L Bernstein 1989 Summary of carcinogenic potency and positivity for 492 rodent carcinogens in the carcinogenic potency database Environ Health Perspect 79 259 272 2707207 10.1289/ehp.8979259 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXhsV2ls7s%3D (Pubitemid 19072192)
23. R Guha MT Howard GR Hutchison P Murray-Rust H Rzepa C Steinbeck JK Wegner Egon Willighagen 2006 The blue obelisk-interoperability in chemical informatics J Chem Inf Model 46 3 991 998 16711717 10.1021/ci050400b 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28Xhs1Wjsbw%3D (Pubitemid 43999142)
24. CDN Humfrey 2007 Recent developments in the risk assessment of potentially genotoxic impurities in pharmaceutical drug substances Toxicol Sci 100 24 28 17656486 10.1093/toxsci/kfm173 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtFKlsL3P (Pubitemid 47617799)
25. Kalberlah F, Schneider K (1998) Examination of the data as the basis for the quantification of extrapolation factors. Final report of the research project No. 116 06 113 of the Federal Environmental Agency 797
26. TB Knudsen MT Martin RJ Kavlock RS Judson DJ Dix AV Singh 2009 Profiling the activity of environmental chemicals in prenatal developmental toxicity studies using the U.S. EPA's ToxRefDB Reprod Toxicol 28 209 219 19446433 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.03.016 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXptVGrtLo%3D
27. R Kroes G Kozianowski 2002 Threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) in food safety assessment Toxicol Lett 127 43 46 12052639 10.1016/S0378-4274(01) 00481-7 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjtFKjtLg%3D (Pubitemid 34615492)
28. R Kroes C Galli I Munro B Schilter L-A Tran R Walker G Wurtzen 2000 Threshold of toxicological Concern for chemical substances present in the diet: a practical tool for assessing the need for toxicity testing Food Chem Toxicol 38 255 312 10717364 10.1016/S0278-6915(99)00120-9 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhslamsr0%3D (Pubitemid 30137253)
29. R Kroes AG Renwick MA Cheeseman J Kleiner I Mangelsdorf A Piersma B Schilter J Schlatter F van Schothorst JG Vos G Wurtzen 2004 Structure-based thresholds of toxicological concern (TTC): guidance for application to substances present at low levels in the diet Food Chem Toxicol 42 65 83 14630131 10.1016/j.fct.2003.08.006 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXptVentLw%3D (Pubitemid 37421327)
30. R Kroes AG Renwick V Feron CL Galli M Gibney H Greim RH Guy JC Lhuguenot JJ van de Sandt 2007 Application of the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) to the safety evaluation of cosmetic ingredients Food Chem Toxicol 45 2533 2562 17664037 10.1016/j.fct.2007.06.021 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht1ahs7zJ (Pubitemid 47610800)
31. P Mazzatorta MD Estevez M Coulet B Schilter 2008 Modeling oral rat chronic toxicity J Chem Inf Model 10 1949 1954 10.1021/ci8001974
32. S Melching-Kollmu W Dekant F Kalberlah 2010 Application of the "threshold of toxicological concern" to derive tolerable concentrations of "non-relevant metabolites" formed from plant protection products in ground and drinking water Reg Toxicol Pharmacol 56 126 134 10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.09.011
33. L Müller RJ Mauthe CM Riley MM Andino D De Antonis C Beels J DeGeorge AGM De Knaep D Ellison JA Fagerland R Frank B Fritschel S Galloway E Harpur CDN Humfrey AS Jacks N Jagota J Mackinnon G Mohan DK Ness MR O'Donovan MD Smith G Vudathala L Yotti 2006 A rationale for determining, testing and controlling specific impurities in pharmaceuticals that possess potential for genotoxicity Reg Toxicol Pharmacol 44 198 211 10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.12.001
34. IC Munro RA Ford E Kennepohl JG Sprenger 1996 Correlation of structural class with no-observed effect levels: a proposal for establishing a threshold of concern Food Chem Toxicol 34 829 867 8972878 10.1016/S0278-6915(96)00049-X 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjsFah (Pubitemid 26420127)
35. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (1998a) Guideline for the testing of chemicals. Section 4: Health effects. Repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study in rodents. ISBN: 9789264070707
36. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (1998b) Guideline for the testing of Chemicals. Section 4: Health effects. Repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study in rodents. ISBN: 9789264070707
37. G Patlewicz N Jeliazkova RJ Safford AP Worth B Aleksiev 2008 An evaluation of the implementation of the Cramer classification scheme in the Toxtree software SAR QSAR Environ Res 19 495 524 18853299 10.1080/ 10629360802083871 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXht1Chsr7E
38. AG Renwick 2004 Toxicology databases and the concept of thresholds of toxicological concern as used by the JECFA for the safety evaluation of flavouring agents Toxicol Lett 149 223 234 15093268 10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.034 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjtFamt7k%3D (Pubitemid 38469840)
39. C Rodriguez A Cook P Van Buynder B Devine P Weinstein 2007 Screening health risk assessment of micropollutants for indirect potable reuse schemes: a three-tiered approach Water Sci Technol 56 35 42 18057639 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1cXitVOnsrg%3D (Pubitemid 351166327)
40. C Rodriguez P Weinstein A Cook B Devine P Van Buynder 2007 A proposed approach for the assessment of chemicals in indirect potable reuse schemes J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 70 1654 1663 17763083 10.1080/15287390701434828 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXps1Glu74%3D (Pubitemid 47347247)
41. RJ Safford 2008 The dermal sensitisation threshold-a TTC approach for allergic contact dermatitis Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 51 195 200 18406502 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.02.010 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmvVOmtL8%3D
42. SCP (2000). Opinion of the scientific committee on plants regarding the draft guidance document on relevant metabolites (Document SANCO/221/2000-Rev.2 of October 1999) (opinion adopted by the Scientific Committee on Plants on 30 November 2000). http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scp/out82-ppp-en.html
43. R Development Core Team (2011) R: a language and environment for statistical computing, R foundation for statistical computing,Vienna, Austria, ISBN: 3-900051-07-0. http://www.R-project.org
44. UNECE (2009) GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals) 3rd revised Edition. Geneva, Switzerland. http://live.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs-rev03/English/ 03e-part3.pdf
45. B van Ravenzwaay M Dammann R Buesen S Schneider 2011 The threshold of toxicological concern for prenatal developmental toxicity Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 59 81 90 20875834 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.09.009
46. D Weininger 1988 SMILES, a chemical language and information system. 1. Introduction to methodology and encoding rules J Chem Inf Comput Sci 28 31 36 10.1021/ci00057a005 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXnsVeqsA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 18574254)