Ginkgo extract EGb761 confers neuroprotection by reduction of glutamate release in ischemic brain

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 94-102

  Mdzinarishvili, Alexander ^a,b   Sumbria, Rachita ^a   Langc, Dorothee ^c   Klein, Jochen ^a,c  

^a TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

^b NORTHEAST OHIO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c GOETHE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT; GLUCOSE; GLUTAMIC ACID;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; BRAIN METABOLISM; BRAIN REGION; BRAIN SLICE; CELL DEGENERATION; CELL SWELLING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MECHANISM; FEMALE; HIPPOCAMPUS; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; MICRODIALYSIS; MOUSE; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT;

EID: 84856770110     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14821826     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.18433/j3ps37     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Ramassamy C, Longpre F, Christen Y. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) in Alzheimeŕs disease: is there any evidence? Curr. Azheimer Res. 2007; 4: 253-262.
2. Birks J, Grimley EJ. Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; CD003120.
3. Pierre S, Jamme I, Droy-Lefaix MT, Nouvelot A, Maixent JM. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) protects Na,K-ATPase activity during cerebral ischemia in mice. Neuroreport 1999; 10: 47-51.
4. Chandrasekaran K, Mehrabian Z, Spinnewyn B, Drieu K, Fiskum G. Neuroprotective effects of bilobalide, a component of the Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761), in gerbil global brain ischemia. Brain Res. 2001; 922: 282-292.
5. Lee EJ, Chen HY, Wu TS, Chen TY, Ayoub IA, Maynard KI. Acute administration of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) affords neuroprotection against permanent and transient focal cerebral ischemia in Sprague-Dawley rats. J. Neurosci. Res. 2002; 68: 636-645.
6. Paganelli RA, Benetoli A, Milani H. Sustained neuroprotection and facilitation of behavioral recovery by the Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761, after transient forebrain ischemia in rats. Behav. Brain Res. 2006; 174: 70-77.
7. Klein J, Chatterjee SS, Loffelholz K. Phospholipid breakdown and choline release under hypoxic conditions: inhibition by bilobalide, a constituent of Ginkgo biloba. Brain Res. 1997; 755: 347-350.
8. Weichel O, Hilgert M, Chatterjee SS, Lehr M, Klein J. Bilobalide, a constituent of Ginkgo biloba, inhibits NMDA-induced phospholipase A2 activation and phospholipid breakdown in rat hippocampus. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 1999; 360: 609-615.
9. Mdzinarishvili A, Kiewert C, Kumar V, Hillert M, Klein J. Bilobalide prevents ischemia-induced edema formation in vitro and in vivo. Neuroscience 2007; 144: 217-222.
10. DeFeudis FV. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761): from chemistry to the clinic. Ullstein Medical, Wiesbaden 1998.
11. Ahlemeyer B, Krieglstein J. Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2003; 60: 1779-1792.
12. Panetta T, Marcheselli VL, Braquet P, Spinnewyn B, Bazan NG. Effects of a platelet activating factor antagonist (BN 52021) on free fatty acids, diacylglycerols, polyphosphoinositides and blood flow in the gerbil brain: inhibition of ischemiareperfusion induced cerebral injury. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1987; 149: 580-587.
13. Abdel-Kader R, Hauptmann S, Keil U, Scherping I, Leuner K, Eckert A, Müller WE. Stabilization of mitochondrial function by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761). Pharmacol. Res. 2007; 56: 493-502.
14. Kiewert C, Kumar V, Hildmann O, Rueda M, Hartmann J, Naik RS, Klein J. Role of GABAergic antagonism in the neuroprotective effects of bilobalide. Brain Res. 2007; 1128: 70-78.
15. Kiewert C, Kumar V, Hildmann O, Hartmann J, Hillert M, Klein J. Role of glycine receptors and glycine release for the neuroprotective activity of bilobalide. Brain Res. 2008; 1201: 143-150.
16. Shah ZA, Nada SE, Dore S. Heme oxygenase-1, beneficial role in permanent ischemic stroke and in Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) neuroprotection. Neuroscience 2011; 180: 248-255.
17. Franklin KB, Paxinos G. The mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates. Academic Press, San Diego 1997.
18. Mdzinarishvili A, Geldenhuys WJ, Abbruscato TJ, Bickel U, Klein J, Van der Schyf CJ. NGP1-01, a lipophilic polycyclic cage amine, is neuroprotective in focal ischemia. Neurosci. Lett. 2005; 383: 49-53.
19. Kinouchi H, Epstein CJ, Mizui T, Carlson E, Chen SF, Chan PH. Attenuation of focal cerebral ischemic injury in transgenic mice overexpressing CuZn superoxide dismutase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991; 88: 11158-11162.
20. Sydserff SG, Green AR, Cross AJ. The effect of oedema and tissue swelling on the measurement of neuroprotection; a study using chlormethiazole and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Neurodegeneration 1996; 5: 81-85.
21. Schmidt-Kastner R, Freund TF. Selective vulnerability of the hippocampus in brain ischemia. Neuroscience 1991; 40: 599-636.
22. MacGregor DG, Avshalumov MV, Rice ME. Brain edema induced by in vitro ischemia: causal factors and neuroprotection. J. Neurochem. 2003; 85: 1402-1411.
23. Kiewert C, Mdzinarishvili A, Hartmann J, Bickel U, Klein J. Metabolic and transmitter changes in core and penumbra after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Brain Res. 2010; 1312: 101-107.
24. Lipton P. Ischemic cell death in brain neurons. Physiol. Rev. 1999; 79: 1431-1568.
25. Szydlowska K, Tymianski M. Calcium, ischemia and excitotoxicity. Cell Calcium 2010; 47: 122-129.
26. Horn T, Klein J. Lactate levels in the brain are elevated upon exposure to volatile anesthetics: a microdialysis study. Neurochem. Int. 2010; 57: 940-947.
27. Kimelberg HK. Water homeostasis in the brain: basic concepts. Neuroscience 2004; 129: 851-860.
28. LoPachin RM, Gaughan CL, Lehning EJ, Weber ML, Taylor CP. Effects of ion channel blockade on the distribution of Na, K, Ca and other elements in oxygen-glucose deprived CA1 hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience 2001; 103: 971-983.
29. Biber A. Pharmacokinetics of Ginkgo biloba extracts. Pharmacopsychiatry 2003; 36 Suppl 1: S32-S37.
30. Ude C, Paulke A, Nöldner M, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Wurglics M. Plasma and brain levels of terpene trilactones in rats after an oral single dose of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Planta Med. 2011; 77: 259-264.
31. Lang D, Ude C, Wurglics M, Schubert-Zsilavecs M, Klein J. Brain permeability of bilobalide as probed by microdialysis before and after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2010; 13: 607-614.
32. Ginsberg MD. Neuroprotection for ischemic stroke: Past, present and future. Neuropharmacology 2008; 55: 363-389.
33. Zeng X, Liu M, Yang Y, Li Y, Asplund K. Ginkgo biloba for acute ischemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; 4: CD003691.
34. Doyle KP, Simon RP, Stenzel-Poore MP. Mechanisms of ischemic brain damage. Neuropharmacology 2008; 55: 310-318.