Three-dimensional information in face recognition: An eye-tracking study

Journal of Vision

Volumn 11, Issue 13, 2011, Pages 1-15

  Chelnokova, Olga ^a   Laeng, Bruno ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

3D; Anaglyphs; Depth perception; Eye movements; Face recognition; Interpupillary distance; Stereo vision

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEPTH PERCEPTION; EYE FIXATION; EYE MOVEMENT; FACE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PHYSIOLOGY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; CUES; DEPTH PERCEPTION; EYE MOVEMENTS; FACE; FEMALE; FIXATION, OCULAR; HUMANS; MALE; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84855445213     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15347362     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/11.13.27     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Biederman, I., & Gerhardstein, P. C. (1993). Recognizing depth-rotated objects: Evidence and conditions for three-dimensional viewpoint invariance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 19, 1162-1182.
2. Biederman, I., & Kalocsai, P. (1997). Neurocomputational bases of object and face recognition. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences, 352, 1203-1219.
3. Bindemann, M., Scheepers, C., & Burton, A. M. (2009). Viewpoint and center of gravity affect eye movements to human faces. Journal of Vision, 9(2):7, 1-16, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/9/2/7, doi:10.1167/ 9.2.7.
4. Blanz, V., Tarr, M. J., & Bülthoff, H. H. (1999). What object attributes determine canonical views? Perception, 28, 575-599.
5. Bruce, V., Valentine, T., & Baddeley, A. (1987). The basis of the 3/4 view advantage in face recognition. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 1, 109-120.
6. Burke, D., Taubert, J., & Higman, T. (2007). Are face representations viewpoint dependent? A stereo advantage for generalizing across different views of faces. Vision Research, 47, 2164-2169.
7. Dalton, K. M., Nacewicz, B. M., Johnstone, T., Schaefer, H. S., Gernsbacher, M. A., Goldsmith, H. H., et al. (2005). Gaze fixation and the neural circuitry of face processing in autism. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 519-526.
8. Dodgson, N. A. (2004). Variation and extrema of human inter-pupillary distance. In A. J. Woods, J. O. Merritt, S. A. Benton, & M. T. Bolas (Eds.), Proceedings of SPIE: Stereoscopic displays and virtual reality systems XI (vol. 5291, pp. 36-46). San Jose, CA.
9. Dubois, E. (2001). A projection method to generate anaglyph stereo images. In E. Dubois (Ed.), Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE International Conference (vol. 3, pp. 1661-1664). Salt Lake City, UT.
10. Duchaine, B., & Nakayama, K. (2006). The Cambridge face memory test: Results for neurologically intact individuals and an investigation of its validity using inverted face stimuli and prosopagnosic patients. Neuropsychologia, 44, 576-585.
11. Hancock, P. J. B., Bruce, V., & Burton, A. M. (2000). Recognition of unfamiliar faces. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 330-337.
12. Henderson, J. M., Williams, C. C., & Falk, R. J. (2005). Eye movements are functional during face learning. Memory and Cognition, 33, 98-106.
13. Hill, H., Schyns, P. G., & Akamatsu, S. (1997). Information and viewpoint dependence in face recognition. Cognition, 62, 201-222.
14. Hirsch, J., & Curcio, A. (1989). The spatial resolution capacity of human foveal retina. Vision Research, 29, 1095-1101.
15. Hsiao, J. H., & Cottrell, G. (2008). Two fixations suffice in face recognition. Psychological Science, 19, 998-1006.
16. Jiang, J., Blanz, V., & O'Toole, A. J. (2009). Threedimensional information in face representations revealed by identity aftereffects. Psychological Science, 20, 318-325.
17. Kilgour, A. R., & Lederman, S. J. (2002). Face recognition by hand. Perception & Psychophysics, 64, 339-352.
18. Laeng, B., & Rouw, R. (2001). Canonical views of faces and the cerebral hemispheres. Laterality, 6, 193-224.
19. Lee, Y. L., & Saunders, J. A. (2011). Stereo improves 3D shape discrimination even when rich monocular shape cues are available. Journal of Vision, 11(9):6, 1-12, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/11/9/6, doi:10.1167/11.9.6.
20. Liu, C. H., Collin, C. A., & Chaudhuri, A. (2000). Does face recognition rely on encoding of 3-D surface? Examining the role of shape-from-shading and shapefrom-stereo. Perception, 29, 729-743.
21. Liu, C. H., Ward, J., & Young, A. W. (2006). Transfer between two- and three-dimensional representations of faces. Visual Cognition, 13, 51-64.
22. Merritt, J. O., Cuqlock-Knopp, V. G., Kregel, M., Smoot, J., & Monaco, W. (2005). Perception of terrain drop-offs as a function of L-R viewpoint separation in stereoscopic video. In C. E. Rash & C. E. Reese (Eds.), Proceedings of SPIE: Helmet- and headmounted displays X: Technologies and applications (vol. 5800, pp. 169-176). Orlando, FL.
23. O'Toole, A. J., Vetter, T., Troje, N. F., & Bülthoff, H. H. (1997). Sex classification is better with threedimensional head structure than with image intensity information. Perception, 26, 75-84.
24. Pelphrey, K. A., Sasson, N. J., Reznick, J. S., Paul, G., Goldman, B. D., & Piven, J. (2002). Visual scanning of faces in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 249-261.
25. Poggio, T., & Edelman, S. (1990). A network that learns to recognize three-dimensional objects. Nature, 343, 263-266.
26. Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 372-422.
27. Sæther, L., Van Belle, W., Laeng, B., Brennen, T., & Kvervoll, M. (2009). Anchoring gaze when categorizing faces' sex: Evidence from eye-tracking data. Vision Research, 49, 2870-2880.
28. Schwaninger, A., & Yang, J. (2011). The application of 3D representations in face recognition. Vision Research, 51, 969-977.
29. Stephan, B. C. M., & Caine, D. (2007). What is in a view? The role of featural information in the recognition of unfamiliar faces across viewpoint transformation. Perception, 36, 189-198.
30. Symanzik, J. (1993). Three-dimensional statistical graphics based on interactively animated anaglyphs. In ASA Proceedings of the Section on Statistical Graphics (pp. 71-76). Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association.
31. Troje, N. F., & Bülthoff, H. B. (1996). Face recognition under varying pose: The role of texture and shape. Vision Research, 36, 1761-1771.
32. Underwood, G., Jebbett, L., & Roberts, K. (2004). Inspecting pictures for information to verify a sentence: Eye movements in general encoding and in focused search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57A, 165-182.
33. Vishwanath, D., & Kowler, E. (2004). Saccadic localization in the presence of cues to three-dimensional shape. Journal of Vision, 4(6):4, 445-458, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/4/6/4, doi:10.1167/ 4.6.4.
34. Walker-Smith, G. J., Gale, A. G., & Findlay, J. M. (1977). Eye movement strategies involved in face perception. Perception, 6, 313-326.