Two fixations suffice in face recognition

Psychological Science

Volumn 19, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 998-1006

  Hsiao, Janet Hui Wen ^a,b   Cottrell, Garrison ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; ELECTROOCULOGRAPHY; EYE FIXATION; FACE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; ORIENTATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION; REACTION TIME; RECOGNITION; SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT; SIGNAL PROCESSING;

DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; ELECTROOCULOGRAPHY; FACE; FEMALE; FIXATION, OCULAR; HUMANS; MALE; ORIENTATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; REACTION TIME; RECOGNITION (PSYCHOLOGY); SACCADES; SIGNAL PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 55449136434     PISSN: 09567976     EISSN: 14679280     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02191.x     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Althoff, R.R. Cohen, N.J. (1999). Eye-movement-based memory effect: A reprocessing effect in face perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25, 997 1010.
2. Barrington, L., Marks, T. Cottrell, G.W. (2007). NIMBLE: A kernel density model of saccade-based visual memory. In D.S. McNamara J.G. Trafton (Eds.), Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 77 82). Austin, TX : Cognitive Science Society.
3. Barton, J.J.S., Radcliffe, N., Cherkasova, M.V., Edelman, J. Intriligator, J.M. (2006). Information processing during face recognition: The effects of familiarity, inversion, and morphing on scanning fixations. Perception, 35, 1089 1105.
4. Burt, D.M. Perrett, D.I. (1997). Perceptual asymmetries in judgements of facial attractiveness, age, gender, speech and expression. Neuropsychologia, 35, 685 693.
5. Brysbaert, M. Nazir, T. (2005). Visual constraints in written word recognition: Evidence from the optimal viewing-position effect. Journal of Research in Reading, 28, 216 228.
6. Dailey, M.N. Cottrell, G.W. (1999). Organization of face and object recognition in modular neural networks. Neural Networks, 12, 1053 1074.
7. Farah, M.J., Wilson, K.D., Drain, M. Tanaka, J.N. (1995). What is "special" about face perception? Psychological Review, 105, 482 498.
8. Gauthier, I., Tarr, M.J., Anderson, A.W., Skudlarski, P. Gore, J.C. (1999). Activation of the middle fusiform "face area" increases with expertise in recognizing novel objects. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 568 573.
9. Gilbert, C. Bakan, P. (1973). Visual asymmetry in perception of faces. Neuropsychologia, 11, 355 362.
10. Gosselin, F. Schyns, P.G. (2001). Bubbles: A technique to reveal the use of information in recognition tasks. Vision Research, 41, 2261 2271.
11. Heath, R.L., Rouhana, A. Ghanem, D.A. (2005). Asymmetric bias in perception of facial affect among Roman and Arabic script readers. Laterality, 10, 51 64.
12. Henderson, J.M., Williams, C.C. Falk, R.J. (2005). Eye movements are functional during face learning. Memory & Cognition, 33, 98 106.
13. Hsiao, J.H., Shillcock, R. Lavidor, M. (2006). A TMS examination of semantic radical combinability effects in Chinese character recognition. Brain Research, 1078, 159 167.
14. Itti, L., Koch, C. Niebur, E. (1998). A model of saliency based visual attention for rapid scene analysis. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 20, 1254 1259.
15. Ivry, R.B. Robertson, L.C. (1999). The two sides of perception. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press.
16. Joyce, C.A. (2001). Saving faces: Using eye movement, ERP, and SCR measures of face processing and recognition to investigate eyewitness identification. Dissertation Abstracts International B: The Sciences and Engineering, 61 (08), 4440. (UMI No. 72775540)
17. Lacroix, J.P.W., Murre, J.M.J., Postma, E.O. Van den Herik, H.J. (2006). Modeling recognition memory using the similarity structure of natural input. Cognitive Science, 30, 121 145.
18. Leonards, U. Scott-Samuel, N.E. (2005). Idiosyncratic initiation of saccadic face exploration in humans. Vision Research, 45, 2677 2684.
19. Mäntylä, T. Holm, L. (2006). Gaze control and recollective experience in face recognition. Visual Cognition, 13, 365 386.
20. Mertens, I., Siegmund, H. Grusser, O.J. (1993). Gaze motor asymmetries in the perception of faces during a memory task. Neuropsychologia, 31, 989 998.
21. Oldfield, R.C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh Inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9, 97 113.
22. O'Regan, J.K., Lévy-Schoen, A., Pynte, J. Brugaillère, B. (1984). Convenient fixation location within isolated words of different length and structure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10, 250 257.
23. O'Toole, A.J., Millward, R.B. Anderson, J.A. (1988). A physical system approach to recognition memory for spatially transformed faces. Neural Networks, 1, 179 199.
24. Phillips, P.J., Moon, H., Rauss, P.J. Rizvi, S. (2000). The FERET evaluation methodology for face recognition algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 22, 1090 1104.
25. Rayner, K. (1979). Eye guidance in reading: Fixation locations within words. Perception, 8, 21 30.
26. Rossion, B., Joyce, C.A., Cottrell, G.W. Tarr, M.J. (2003). Early lateralization and orientation tuning for face, word, and object processing in the visual cortex. NeuroImage, 20, 1609 1624.
27. Schyns, P.G., Bonnar, L. Gosselin, F. (2002). Show me the features! Understanding recognition from the use of visual information. Psychological Science, 13, 402 409.
28. Sergent, J. (1982). The cerebral balance of power: Confrontation or cooperation? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 8, 253 272.
29. Shillcock, R., Ellison, T.M. Monaghan, P. (2000). Eye-fixation behavior, lexical storage, and visual word recognition in a split processing model. Psychological Review, 107, 824 851.
30. Stanislaw, H. Todorov, N. (1999). Calculation of signal detection theory measures. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 31, 137 149.
31. Vaid, J. Singh, M. (1989). Asymmetries in the perception of facial affect: Is there an influence of reading habits? Neuropsychologia, 27, 1277 1287.
32. Vinette, C., Gosselin, F. Schyns, P.G. (2004). Spatio-temporal dynamics of face recognition in a flash: It's in the eyes. Cognitive Science, 28, 289 301.
33. Whitman, D. Konarzewski-Nassau, S. (1997). Lateralized facial recognition: Spatial frequency and masking effects. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 12, 428.
34. Yamada, K. Cottrell, G.W. (1995). A model of scan paths applied to face recognition. In Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Pittsburgh, PA (pp. 55 60). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
35. Zhang, L. Cottrell, G.W. (2006). Look Ma! No network: PCA of Gabor filters models the development of face discrimination. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (pp. 2428 2433). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.